SITE SELECTION FOR CORAL RESTORATION IN MAUNALUA BAY, OʻAHU

ANITA TSANG, CAMERON OGDEN-FUNG, AND VAIBHAVI DWIVEDI

Photo credit: Nate Forman 1

BACKGROUND

Photo credit: Matt Kieffer 2

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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1) Evaluate site criteria

2) Identify ecologically suitable restoration sites for the outplanting of resilient corals

3) Prioritize sites across multiple socioeconomic objectives and scenarios

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METHODOLOGY

SITE CRITERIA

Physical Factors

Water Depth (3-9 m) Water Temperature (23-29 °C)Salinity (32-42 ppm)Turbidity (<8.8 NTU)Sedimentation (<200 g/m²/day)Benthic Type (Hard bottom)

Biological FactorsCoral Cover (5-20%)Coral Health (Absent of disease)Invasive Algae (Absent)

Socioeconomic Factors

Distance from:Boat launch (<2 km)Dive site (<2 km)Coral nursery (<2 km)Pollutant sources (>1 km)

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Source: NOAA 6

BENTHIC HABITAT MAPS

Source: Salinity and turbidity data taken from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) technical reports; Bathymetry map provided by The School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST)

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SALINITY AND TURBIDITY MAP

Source: Temperature data retrieved from USGS technical report; Sewage discharge sites, dive sites, and pre-proposed restoration areas were estimated using Google Earth

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TEMPERATURE MAP

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PROPOSED RESTORATION SITES

Site Criteria Sub-CriteriaSites

Wailupe Paiko Channel Ku‘i Alternate1 Alternate 2 Alternate 3

Physical Factors

Water Depth (m) 3-6 3-8 3-6 0-3 3-8 3-9 3-8

Water Temperature (°C) n.d. 25.25 25.13 n.d. 25.36 25.22 n.d.

Salinity (ppm) n.d. 35.04 35.12 n.d. 35.04 35.02 n.d.

Sedimentation (g/m²/day)

n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Turbidity (NTU) n.d. 0.54 n.d. n.d. 1.19 n.d. 0.46

Benthic Cover Turf (50-90%) Turf (50-90%), coralline algae (50-<90%),uncolonized

Turf (50-90%), macroalgae (10-<50%), uncolonized

Turf (50-<90%), coralline algae (10-<50%)

Turf (50-90%), coralline algae (10-<50 %)

Turf (50-90%) Turf (10-<90%)

Benthic Type Pavement Sand (~50%), pavement with sand channel, aggregate reef

Sand (~80%) and pavement

Aggregate reef, pavement, rubble

Pavement with sand channel

Pavement Sand and pavement

Biological Factors

Coral Cover (%) <10 10-50 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10

Coral Health n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.

Invasive Algae Absent Absent Absent Present Absent Absent Absent

Socioeconomic Factors

Distance from boat launch (km)

3.20 1.40 1.30 1.80 4.40 2.50 2.10

Distance from nearest dive site (km)

1.30 0.30 1.00 1.30 2.30 0.60 1.00

Distance from coral nursery (km)

2.00 0.00 1.40 1.80 3.10 1.10 1.70

Distance from pollutant sources (km) 0.67 1.02 0.78 0.93 0.67 0.85 1.50 10

SITE-SPECIFIC CRITERIA

ScenariosWeights

Cost Value Educational Value

Recreational Value

Biophysical Value

(1) Cost value is prioritized 0.42 0.17 0.08 0.33

(2) Biophysical value is prioritized 0.33 0.17 0.08 0.42

(3) Educational value is prioritized 0.17 0.42 0.08 0.33

(4) Recreational value is prioritized 0.17 0.08 0.42 0.33

(5) All objectives are valued equally 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

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OBJECTIVES & SCENARIOS

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RESULTS & CONCLUSION

13Photo credit: Gates Coral Lab

Swing weights and SMART table can be adjusted as needed

Update and fill in missing data for environmental parameters

“Ground truth” proposed restoration sites

MOVING FORWARD

Collaborations

Education Center

Posters/ Pamphlets

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LONG-TERM FUTURE STRATEGIES

• Diving companies• Duck tour operators• SUP operators

• Public awareness• Community workshops• Fundraisers

• Featured videos• Informative books• Monthly talks

MAHALO!

Photo credit: Tim Kopra, NASA

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Life Sciences, Ocean Studies Board, & Committee on Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs. (2019). A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25424

Presto, M. K., Storlazzi, C. D., Logan, J. B., Reiss, T. E., & Rosenberger, K. J. (2012). Coastal Circulation and Potential Coral-larval Dispersal in Maunalua Bay, Oʻahu, Hawaii—Measurements of Waves, Currents, Temperature, and Salinity, June–September 2010. US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2012, 1040.

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Storlazzi, C. D., Presto, K. M., Logan, J. B., & Field, M. E. (2010). Coastal circulation and sediment dynamics in Maunalua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. USGS Open-File Report, 1217, 2010.

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REFERENCES