siting of wind farms in ri coastal waters: wind resources and technology development index-...
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Siting of Wind Farms in RI Coastal Waters: Wind Resources and Technology Development Index presented May 24, 2011 at The Workshop to Learn Ocean Planning Tools and TechniquesTRANSCRIPT
Siting of Wind Farms in RI Coastal Waters:
Wind Resources and Technology Development Index
Malcolm L. SpauldingOcean Engineering, University of Rhode Island
Workshop Applying Coastal Marine Spatial
Planning to Energy Siting
May 23-25, 2011
Goal: Develop and implement an open, transparent , objective procedure for selecting the location of an offshore renewable energy facility that maximizes power production, and minimizes cost and environmental and human use impacts.
Multi-Stage Screening Process Using Marine Spatial Planning Tools
1 st Tier – Hard constraints (irreconcilable difference in uses) System optimization: power production vs technical challenge (cost).
2 nd Tier – Ecological and human use impacts
Tier #1 Screening (Hard Constraints)Wind ResourceAdequate Wind Resources ( greater than 7 m/sec at 80 m, hub height)
or similar for other ocean energy sources (≥1.5 m/sec currents, ≥ 10 kW/m waves)
Exclusions Navigation areas -regulated ( shipping lanes, precautionary areas,
preferred routes)Vessel tracks ( AIS data)Ferry routesRegulated areas ( disposal site, military areas, unexploded ordnance,
marine protected areas)Airport buffer zonesCoastal buffer zone ( 1 km)Cable Areas (?)
Tier #1 Screening (cont’d)Technology Development ChallengeWater depth range, dependent on technologyMono-piles - 5 to 25 to 30 m Lattice jacket/tripod -30 to 60 mFloating – 60 to 1000 m
Wind Resource Map, Southern New England
Estimates of 80 m wind speeds AWS TrueWinds data
Wind Roses, Southern NE
Wind Power Roses, Southern NE
RAM Meteorological Modeling Domains
RAM Meteorological Model Prediction, NW winds
Comparison of Model Predictions to Observations
Technology Development IndexObjective: Develop a metric based on
technical challenge to power production potential to screen for sites.
TDI = TCI/PPPwhere TDI –Technology Development Index
TCI- Technical Challenge IndexPPP- Power Production Potential
Presented in form of dimensionless values (predicted TDI divided by lowest TDI possible in area of interest)
Schafer and Hartshorn, 1965; Sirkin, 1982
End Moraines of Southeastern New England
Mohegan Bluffs, BI – Complex Stratigraphy
-
Boothroyd and Sirkin, 2002
Mohegan Bluffs, BI – Complex Stratigraphy
Technology challenge for lattice jacket structures (Jonas, 2010)
AIS SERIES
Visualization Series
TDI- In stream tidal current
Threshold - 1 m/sec
Threshold – 1.3 m/sec
Block Island Topography and Land Cover
Observed Wind Speed and Power Roses
NW wind case – October 30, 2008
SW Wind case –July 8, 2008
Model predicted average wind speed at 10 and 80 m
Extreme Waves in Vicinity of Block Island
Bathymetry
Wave rose
Extreme Wave AmplitudeOnce in 100 yrs
High Resolution Technology Development Index- Block Island
High Resolution Application of TDI Block Island (state waters)
OCEANOGRAPHIC REGIONS Oceanographic variables
SST
STRATIFICATION
FALL SPRING
12.5 m27.5 m
GEOMORPHOLOGIC VARIABLES
BOTTOM ROUGHNESS (J.King)
GRAIN SIZE : PHI MEDIAN
SLOPEDEPTH
-71.8 -71.7 -71.6 -71.5 -71.4 -71.3 -71.2 -71.1 -71 -70.9
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
0 16 32 48 64Km
Roughest, Cold, Mixed
"BIS"
Rough, Warm, Mixed
"Littoral"
Smooth, Silty , Warm, Stratified
"RIS"
Deep, Smooth, Sandy, Warm, Stratified
"Deep"
Smooth, Sandy,
Intermediate temperature
and stratification
"Intermediate"
-71.8 -71.7 -71.6 -71.5 -71.4 -71.3 -71.2 -71.1 -71 -70.9
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
0 16 32 48 64
High Biodiversity
"Littoral" assemblage
High Biodiversity
"RIS assemblageMedium Biodiversity
"Rocky" assemblage
Low Biodiversity
"Deep" water Assemblage
-71.8 -71.7 -71.6 -71.5 -71.4 -71.3 -71.2 -71.1 -71 -70.9
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
0 16 32 48 64
Medium Biodiversity
"Littoral" assemblage
Highest Biodiversity
"RIS2" assemblage
Medium Biodiversity
"Rocky" assemblageMedium Biodiversity
"RIS assemblage
Medium Biodiversity
"Deep water" assemblage
FALL SPRINGOceanographicEcological
FALL TYPOLOGY
-71.8 -71.7 -71.6 -71.5 -71.4 -71.3 -71.2 -71.1 -71 -70.9
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
0 16 32 48 64
High Biodiversity
"Littoral" assemblage
High Biodiversity
"RIS assemblageMedium Biodiversity
"Rocky" assemblage
Low Biodiversity
"Deep" water Assemblage
Clusterfall
Biodiversity Index
RichnessIndex
Dominant group
Sakonnet 10 7.1 DemersalSkate&squid
Deep 5.7 5.7 Medium game Mammals
Rocky 7.5 7.1 DemersalRIS 9.5 8.6 Demersal
MammalsLittoral 9.5 10 Demersal, skate&Lobster
SPRING TYPOLOGY
-71.8 -71.7 -71.6 -71.5 -71.4 -71.3 -71.2 -71.1 -71 -70.9
40.9
41
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.4
41.5
0 16 32 48 64
Medium Biodiversity
"Littoral" assemblage
Highest Biodiversity
"RIS2" assemblage
Medium Biodiversity
"Rocky" assemblageMedium Biodiversity
"RIS assemblage
Medium Biodiversity
"Deep water" assemblage
Cluster Biodiversity Index
RichnessIndex
Dominant group
Deep 6.5 8.4 Mammals (Demersal & Herring)
RIS2 10 10 Demersal & Herring
Rocky/BIS 6 8.4 Demersal & Mammals
RIS 6 6.8 Herring & Mammals
Littoral 5.7 6.3 Demersal& Lobster
Conclusions• Ocean SAMP very effective approach to planning for and
siting offshore renewable energy facilities: comprehensive, inclusive, cost effective, and consistent with state and federal regulatory framework.
• Marine spatial planning (MSP) powerful tool to assist in siting decisions and assessing tradeoffs (new tools: technology development index, ecosystem valuation approaches(in progress))