Situation of Children with Intellectual

Disability in Ethiopia

Presentation Layout

I. Understanding Children with Intellectual Disability

II. Prevalence and etiological issues

III. Developmental effects of intellectual disability

IV. Educational situation of (CwIDs)

V. Early identification & intervention practices

1. Understanding CwIDs

1.2 CwIDs:AAMR/Definition

1. Intellectual limitations

2. Limitation in adaptive skills

3. Manifests under age 18

1.2 AAMR/Definition

1.Intellectual limitations

Mild IQ : 50 to 70Moderate IQ :35 to 49Severe IQ :20 to 34Profound IQ : < 20

1.2 AAMR/Definition

2.Limitation in adaptive skills in two or more of the following:

• Communication & Self-care

• Health & safety

• Functional academics

• Leisure and work

1.2 AAMR/Definition

3.Manifests before age 18 Manifested during childhood period

2. Educational understanding CwIDs

Learning characteristics

Educable Trainable Supportable Life support/Self-care training

3. Causes of intellectual disability

2.1 Organic/Physiological Factors Hereditary (genetic) & hormonal & Metabolic

disorders such as :

Cretinism(Hypothyroidism) Down’s syndrome Hydrocephaly Microcephaly

3. Causes of intellectual disability

2.2 Cultural-Familiar FactorsEnvironmental influences such as :Child ManagementMalnutrition Psychosocial deprivationLabor complication at delivery Accident(falling down) Severe punishment etc

4. Onset of intellectual disability in Ethiopia

First 6 years of life

At birth 4 months – 2

years

3 – 6 years Unidentified

23 % 27 % 12 % 58%

5. Causes of ID in Ethiopia

6.Developmental profiles of CwIDs

6.1 Cognitive and Language

• Learning Characteristic

• Limitations on attention span, pace of learning, memory, transfer of learning, comparing, imitation, speech and language development etc.

6. Developmental Profile of CwIDs

6.2 Physical/Motor Characteristics Body awareness in space Basic physical abilities(flexibility, agility,

balance & endurance) Sequential patterns of movement Eye-hand coordination Eye-foot coordination

.

6.Developmental profiles

of

CwIDs

6.3. Social-emotional Inter-individual variation No particular emotional behavior Poor judgment Agressive Inappropriate behavior

6.Developmental profiles of CwIDs

6.4 Adaptive behaviors in schoolsLack of school coping behaviors related to attention to learning tasks, Poor social & language skillsPoor self-care skills in personal hygiene and dress, poor maintenance personal belongings, and poor mobility in and about the school.

7. Educational Situation of CwIDs

8. Early Intervention Programs

Focus on: Home-based support School-based support

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

How do people in your community perceive persons with ID? (Anthropology)

How do you understand mental illness and intellectual disability ? What are their specific features? (Psychology)

Discuss the social and interpersonal relations of children with intellectual disability (ID). (Social work and international relations)

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

1. Discuss the cognitive and academic characteristics of children with intellectual disability . (Education & Pedagogy)

2. Discuss about the adaptive behavior and language development of children with intellectual disability. (Language)

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

How does motor dysfunction affect the social and interpersonal relationship of children?

What do you understand by barrier free environment? Consider the school and home environment?

Thank You !!