Six Kingdoms

Vocabulary

• Lesson 15

kingdom

• 1. the highest level of organization

species

• 2. a group of similar organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring; the lowest level of classification

prokaryote

• 3. a unicellular organism whose cell does not contain a nucleus

eukaryotes

• 4. a living thing whose cells contain a nucleus

autotroph

• 5. an organism that is able to make their own food

heterotroph

• 6. an organism that gets its food by eating other organisms

scientific name

• 7. the name given to an organism based on the genus to which it belongs and its species name

plants

• 11. all are multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic

bacteria

• 12. unicellular, prokaryotic

Eubacteria

• unicellular, prokaryotic

• the larger of the two kingdoms (meaning there are more of this type)

Archaebacteria

• unicellular, prokaryotic

• Often found in extreme conditions

animals

• 13. all are multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic

fungi

• 14. most are multicellular, one kind is unicellular, all are eukaryotic, and heterotrophic

protists

• 15. divided into 3 groups: plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like

Three things that all living things need:

1 food1 food

2 water2 water

3 a place to live3 a place to live

What characteristics determine how to classify

an organism into a kingdom?

• How many cells they are made up of

• If those cells have a nucleus

• How they get their nutrition

The five characteristics of living things are that they:

1 Are made of cells 1 Are made of cells

2 Respond to stimuli2 Respond to stimuli

3 Use energy 3 Use energy

4 Reproduce4 Reproduce

5 Grow & develop5 Grow & develop

How do you know which animals are more closely related to others on a classification tree?The closer the branches are, the more alike the organisms are.

The closer to the bottom they are, the longer they have been on Earth.

The higher they are, the more complex they are.

Genus and species names

Where does the scientific name of a creature come from?

What saying can help you remember the order of the levels in a classification chart?

King Phillip

Came Over

For Good

Spaghetti

How do you write the scientific name for an organism?

• The genus name comes first and is always capitalized

• The species name comes second and always starts with a lower case letter

• If typed, use italics; if handwritten, underline itFelis domesticus Felis domesticusCanis familiaris Canis familiaris

virus• a parasite that often causes disease and that

consists essentially of an inner core of RNA or DNA surrounded by an outer protein coat;

• they are unable to reproduce without a host cell;

• not considered living organisms

What are some diseases caused by viruses?

• HIV / AIDS• Chicken Pox• Common Cold• Pink Eye

(Conjunctivitis)• Ebola• Hepatitis• Flu (Influenza)

• Measles• Meningitis• Mononucleosis• Norwalk Virus• Rabies• Rotavirus• West Nile• Small Pox

vaccine

• What is a possible treatment for a virus?

What conditions do bacteria like most?

• Most bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment.

Where can bacteria be found?

• everywhere

binary fission

• the process of one organism dividing into two organisms

• The one main chromosome makes a copy of itself. Then it divides into two.

endospore

• a thick walled, protective structure that forms inside a bacterial cell when conditions are unfavorable for survival (like a force field)

What are 3 ways to control bacteria in food?

1) Canning

2) Pasteurization

3) Dehydration

What are some diseases caused by bacteria?

• Food poisoning (Salmonella or E. coli)• Lyme disease• Tetanus• Tuberculosis• strep throat

What is a possible treatment for a bacterial infection?

• vaccine

• Antibiotics

antiseptics

• chemicals that kill bacteria on living things

• OK to be on your body

• i.e.: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash

disinfectants

• stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

• not OK to be on your body

• i.e.: Lysol, bleach

Spiral

Rod-shaped

Round

Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:

Archaebacteria

• Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?

• Do they have a nucleus? • Are they able to make their own food or must

they take in food? • Where are they found?

Archaebacteria

• Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular? unicellular

• Do they have a nucleus? prokaryote• Are they able to make their own food or must

they take in food? autotrophic/heterotrophic• Where are they found? They are often found

in extreme conditions, such as hot springs.

Eubacteria

• Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?

• Do they have a nucleus? • Are they able to make their own food or must

they take in food? • Which is the larger kingdom of bacteria?

Eubacteria

• Eubacteria are unicellular organisms.• They are prokaryotes.• Some of them are able to make their own

food, while some of them must take in food-- autotrophic/heterotrophic

• This is the larger of the two bacteria kingdoms.

Protists

• Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?

• Do they have a nucleus? • Are they able to make their own food or must

they take in food? • Into what groups are they divided?

Protists

• Some protists are single-celled organisms and some are made of many cells.

• All protists have a nucleus. eukaryotes• Some of them are able to make their own

food, while some of them must take in food.• They are divided into three groups-plant-like,

animal-like, and fungus-like.

Fungi

• Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?

• Do they have a nucleus? • Are they able to make their own food or must

they take in food? • How do they help the Earth?

Fungi

• Most fungi are made of many cells.• All fungi have a nucleus. eukaryotes• All fungi must take in food.• Fungi are important sources of food and

medicines. • They help recycle Earth’s wastes.• The only unicellular fungi are yeast.

Plants

• Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?

• Do they have a nucleus? • Are they able to make their own food or must

they take in food? • Name one important thing plants provide.

Plants

• All plants are made of many cells. multicellular• All plants have a nucleus. eukaryotes• All plants make their own food. autotrophs• Plants produce food and oxygen, which are

required by most organisms on Earth.

Animals

• Are organisms in this kingdom unicellular or multicellular?

• Do they have a nucleus? • Are they able to make their own food or must

they take in food? • What do they provide humans with?

Animals

• All animals are multicellular.• All animals have a nucleus. eukaryote• All animals must take in food. heterotrophs• Animals provide food and companionship in

your daily lives.

Vocabulary

• Lesson 16

classification

• 8. grouping organisms or objects based on similarities and differences between them

taxonomy

• 9. the branch of science that deals naming organisms and classifying them into groups

dichotomous key

• 10. a tool to classify organisms by choosing their characteristics from a series of paired statements

binomial nomenclature

• a naming system where every organism is given a two-part name (scientific name)

Dichotomous Keys

• The identification of biological organisms can be greatly simplified using tools such as dichotomous keys.

• A dichotomous key is an organized set of couplets (paired statements) of characteristics of organisms.

Dichotomous Keys

• You simply compare the characteristics of an unknown organism against an appropriate dichotomous key.

• These keys will begin with general characteristics and lead to couplets (paired statements) indicating progressively specific characteristics. If the organism falls into one category, you go to the next indicated couplet.

• By following the key and making the correct choices, you should be able to identify your specimen to the indicated taxonomic level.

Dichotomous Keys

12

2

3

4 5

Dichotomous Keys1a.Bean is round Garbanzo bean 1b.Bean is elliptical or oblong Go to 2 2a.Bean is white White northern 2b.Bean has dark pigments Go to 3 3a.Bean is evenly pigmented Go to 43b.Bean pigmentation is mottled Pinto bean 4a.Bean is black Black bean 4b.Bean is reddish-brown Kidney bean