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Introduction to Electronics

Zhou Lingling

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Outline

• Organization of this textbook

• Objective of this course

• Basic conceptsSignalsAmplifier

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Organization of This Textbook

• Part --- Devices and Basic Circuits

• Part --- Analogy and Digital ICs

• Part --- Selected Topics

• Appendix

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Part --- Devices and Basic Circuits

• Diodes

• MOS Field-Effect Transistors

• Bipolar Junction Transistors

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Part --- Analogy and Digital ICs

• Single-Stage IC Amplifiers

• Differential and Multistage Amplifiers

• Feedback

• Operational-Amplifier

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Part --- Selected Topics

• Filters and Tuned Amplifiers

• Signal Generators and Waveform-Shaping Circuits

• Out-put Stages and Power Amplifiers

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Appendix

• VLSI Fabrication Technology

• Two-Port Network Parameters

• Some Useful Network Theorems

• Single-Time-Constant Circuits

• S-domain Analysis: Poles, Zeros, and Bode Plots

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Objective of This Course

• To develop the ability to analyze and design electronic circuits,both analog and digital, discrete and integrated.

• Emphases is placed on transistor circuits design.

• As the fundamental of the IC design.

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Basic concepts

• Basic conceptsSignalsAmplifier

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Signals

• Signal source

Transducers are the devices which can convert the non-electric signal to electric signal, or vice versa. Signal source is the transducer witch can produce electric signal.

• Representation of the signal sourceThévenin formNorton form

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Representation of the Signal Source

Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) the Thévenin form (b) the Norton form

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Time-Domain Representation of Signal

An arbitrary voltage signal vs(t).

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Time-Domain Representation of Signal

Sine-wave voltage signal of amplitude Va and frequency f = 1/T Hz. The angular frequency ω = 2πf rad/s.

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Time-Domain Representation of Signal

A symmetrical square-wave signal of amplitude V.

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Frequency-Domain Representation of Signal

The frequency spectrum of an arbitrary waveform is continuous function of frequency. It means the spectrum contains all possible frequencies.

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Frequency-Domain Representation of Signal

The frequency spectrum of the periodic square wave consists of discrete frequencies.

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Analog and Digital Signals

• Analog signal The magnitude of analog signal can take on any value and

exhibits a continuous variation over its range of activity.• Digital signal The representation of digital signal is that of a sequence of

numbers, each number representing the signal magnitude at an instant of time.

• Sampling • ADC and DAC

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Sampling

Sampling the continuous-time analog signal in (a)Results in the discrete-time signal in (b).

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ADC and DAC

Block-diagram representation of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

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Amplifier

A voltage amplifier fed with a signal vI(t) and connected to a load resistance RL.

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Amplifier

Transfer characteristic of a linear voltage amplifier with voltage gain Av.The straight line means the amplifier is a linear amplifier.

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Amplifier

An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation.Output waveform is clipped off.Nonlinear distortion exists.

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Amplifier

An amplifier transfer characteristic that shows considerable nonlinearity.Nonlinear distortion

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Amplifier

To obtain linear operation the amplifier is biased as shown 。The signal amplitude is kept small. This amplifier is operated from a single power supply, VDD.