skeletal chp 10
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter6
BonesandSkeletalTissues
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The
Skeletal
System
___________
+
___________
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Reviewof
Cartilage
Basics
CartilageisCT
Abundantextracellularmatrix
Gellike
Somefibers
Predominantcell
type
=__________________
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HyalineCartilage
Chondrocyteswithinlacunae
Collagen__________withinmatrixunseen
Locations:
Endsoflongbones
Growthplateswithinbones
Costalcartilages
Respiratorystructures
Embryonicskeleton
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ElasticCartilage
Chondrocyteswithin
lacunae
Elasticfibersin
matrixhighlyvisible
Locations:
Epiglottis
Outerear
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Fibrocartilage Intermediatebetweenhyaline
cartilageanddenseregularCT
Rowsof________chondrocytes
Rowsofcollagenfibersinparallel
Locations:
Intervertebraldiscs
Articularcartilages
in
the
knee
menisci
Pubicsymphysis
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Functions
of
Bones Support:frameworkofthebody
Protection:bonesandcartilagedothis(e.g.,_____________)
Movement:attachment
sites
for
skeletal
muscles
Mineralstorage:__________________________________
Hemopoiesis:bloodcellformationredbonemarrow
_______________________:yellowbonemarrow
Metabolism:regulation
of
insulin
and
fat
storage
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ClassificationofBones
LongbonesLongerthantheyarewide
Shaft+two
distinct
ends
Namedforshape,notsize
ShortbonesRoughlycubeshaped
Carpals/Tarsals
Sesamoidbones(form
withintendons)
FlatbonesThin,flattened,curved
Cranialbones,
ribs,
sternum,scapula
IrregularbonesVariousshapes
Vertebrae,Os Coxae
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Compact&
Spongy
Bone
Dense,outerlayeris
compactbonetissue
Internallyyoufind
spongybonetissue(aka:
____________bone)
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GrossAnatomyofaLongBone
Metaphysis=
____________
where
diaphysisjoins
epiphysis
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Define
these
terms!!! Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis regionwherediaphysismeetsepiphysis
Epiphyseal
Plate
EpiphysealLine
ArticularCartilage hyalinecartilageattheendsofarticulatingbones
MedullaryCavity
NutrientForamen
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BoneMembranes
__________________
Surrounds
the
external
bone
surface
where
it
is
notcoveredby
articular
cartilage
Twolayers: Superficiallayer=_________________________
Deeplayer
=
_______________Osteoblasts depositbonetissue
Osteoclasts destroybonetissue
SharpeysFibers Perforatingfibersoftheperiosteumdiveintothebonematrix
tosecure
it
to
the
bone
Atinsertionpointsofmusclestobone,theseperforatingfibersareverydense
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BoneMembranes
_______________
Thinmembrane
that
linestheinternalbonesurface
Coversthetrabeculaeof
spongy
bone
Medullarycavity
Epiphyses
Osteogenic
(osteoblastsandosteoclastspresent)
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GrossAnatomyofShort,Irregular&
FlatBones
Periosteum
Endosteum
(coveringtrabeculae)
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MicroscopicAnatomyofCompactBone
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Haversian
System
=
OsteonAnosteonisthe
organized
unit
of
compactbonetissue.
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Haversian
System
A
Closer
Look
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Define
these
terms!!! Osteon
Lamella
CentralCanal
PerforatingCanal
Osteocyte
Lacunae
Canaliculi
InterstitialLamellae
CircumferentialLamellae
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MicroscopicAnatomy
of
Spongy
Bone
Trabecula=littlebeam
Eachtrabeculaissolid
Nocavitiesorvessels
inside Receivenutrientsfrom
surrounding_________________
________bonemarrowfoundinthespaces
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ChemicalComposition
of
Bone
Organiccomponents:_________
Collagen
fibers
Cells
Groundsubstance
Inorganiccomponents:_________
Mineralsalts
Tightlypacked
calcium
and
phosphate
crystals
cover
the
longcollagenfibers
Hardnessofbone
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BoneDevelopment
Theprocessbywhichboneformsiscalled
___________________or________________
Bone
formation
occurs
in
four
situations:1. Formationofboneinanembryo
2. Growthofbonesuntiladulthood
3. Remodelingof
bone
throughout
life
4. Repairoffractures
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Ossification
Boneformationfollowsoneoftwopatterns:
_________________________ossification
Boneformsdirectlywithinmesenchymearrangedin
layersthatresemblemembranes
Mostskull
bones
and
the
clavicles
_________________________ossification
Boneformswithinhyalinecartilage,replacingit All
bones
from
base
of
skull
down
(except
clavicles)
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EndochondralOssification
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Howdo
bones
get
LONGER?
Thelengtheningofbones
involvestwo
steps:
1. Cartilagegrowthonthe__________________oftheepiphysealplate
2. Replacement
of
cartilage
by
boneonthe_____________
Atadulthood,theepiphyseal
platesclose
and
bone
replacesallthecartilageleavingabonystructurecalledthe_______________
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Howdo
bones
get
THICKER?
____________________growth:
Ostseoblasts
in
the
periosteum
add
bone
tissue
to
theexternalbonesurface
Osteoclastsremovebonetissuefromthe
medullary
cavity
at
the
same
rate
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BoneRemodeling
Oldboneiscontinuallydestroyedandnewboneisformedinitsplacethroughoutanindividualslife Spongy
bone
is
replaced
about
every
_________________
Compactboneisreplacedaboutevery_________________
A
balance
must
exist
between
the
actions
of
osteoclasts
andosteoblasts Toomuchbonedepositionresultsinabnormalthickening,
lengthening,anddensityofbones
Too
little
bone
deposition
results
in
fragile
bones
that
fracturetooeasily
Remodelingrate:Diaphysisvs.Epiphyses
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Osteoblast
vs.
Osteoclast BoneDeposition________________
Occurswhenboneisinjuredoraddeddemandis
placedon
the
bone
Essentialionsmustbepresent
Mineralsaltcrystalspacktogetherinapatternthatreducestheriskofcracksinstressedbone
BoneResorption_______________OsteoclastssecreteHClandlysosomalenzymes
Asorganic
matrix
is
degraded
and
the
mineral
salts
areleachedoutanddissolvedbytheacids,thereleasedionsenterinterstitialfluidandthentheblood