HYOID BONE

Hyoid

The U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that

supports the tongue muscles

SPINAL CORD & RIBS

CERVICAL VERTEBREA The upper part of the spine consist of 7 bones.

The atlis is the bone right below the skull that hold it up and

the axis is the bone tight below that that helps it turn.

THORACIC VERTEBRAE

This part of the vertebrae consist of 12 bones.

LUMBAR VERTEBRAE This part of the vertebrae consist of 5 bones.

SACRUM

This contains 5 different bones that over time fuse into one.

COCCYX

• or tailbone, is the triangular bony structure located at the bottom

of the vertebral column. It is composed of three to five bony

segments held in place by joints and ligaments.

STERNUM

Also known as the manubrium sterni it is the broad,

upper part of the sternum.

TRUE RIBS

They are the first 7 ribs in the body. They are called

true ribs because they are actually connected to the

sternum directly.

FALSE RIBS

These are the 3 ribs right under the true ribs. They are

called false because they are no directly connected the

sternum, instead they are connected to a cartilage.

FLOATING RIBS

These are the last 2 ribs right below the rib cage. They are

called floating ribs because they are not connected to the

sternum or another ribs at all. They are just connected to the

spine and stick out.

CLAVICLE

6

SCAPULA

7

HUMERUS

6

RADIUS AND ULNA

6

CARPALS AND METACARPALS AND PHALANGES

1

• There are eight carpal bones in the base of each hand. There are five metacarpals in each hand.

There are 16 bones for phalanges. From closet to the center of the hand going outward it goes from

proximal, middle, and distal. There is no first middle phalange only proximal and distal.

The upper and lower extremities of humans offer many interesting points of

comparison and of contrast. They and their individual components are

homologous—i.e., of a common origin and patterned on the same basic

plan. A long evolutionary history and profound changes in the function of

these two pairs of extremities have led, however, to considerable

differences between them. (3)

• lower extremity-

• Coxal (Pelvic Girdle)- What bones make up the Acetabelum? Howcan an anthropologist tell the difference between a male and female?

• Ilium- Iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, Greater Sciatic Notch

• Ishium- ishial tuberosity

• Pubis- Pubic Tubercle

• Femur- head, neck, greater trochanter, Lesser trochanter, condyles, epicondyles, trochlea

• Patella

• Tibia- condyles, Tibial Tuberosity, Tibial Plateau, Medial Malleolus

• Fibula- Head, Lateral malleolus

• Tarsals- Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, (1,2,3) Cuneiforms, Cuboid

• Metatarsals- Long Bones Numbered I through V

• Phalanges- Proximal, Medial, Distal I through V

COXAL PELVIC GIRDLE

The ilium / pubis and ischium bones make up the Acetabelum.

Male Female

•narrower, heart-shaped pelvic inlet •open, circular pelvic inlet

•narrower sciatic notch •broader sciatic notch

•narrower angle where the two pubic bones in

front

•wider angle where the two pubic bones meet in

front

•more outwardly flared hip bones

This chart helps to explain how anthropologists can determine weather pelvic bones are

male of female. (1)

Female pelvic

bone

Male pelvic bone (1)

ISHIUM- ISHIAL TUBEROSITY

ISHIUM

• is a bone in pelvis: the lowest and rearmost of the three bones that make up each half of the pelvis

PUBIS

• lower front of hipbone: the bone that forms the lower front section of the hipbone in humans and is one of a pair joined at the front of the pelvis.

ILIUM

• Ilium the uppermost of the three bones composing each half of the pelvis(3)

FEMUR

• of thigh: relating to, in, or

involving the thigh or

femur (3)

PATELLA

• middle joint of human leg: the joint of the human leg between the thigh and the lower leg,

where the femur and the tibia meet, covered in front by the kneecap patella

patella

(4)

TIBIA

• inner bone of lower leg: the inner and larger of the two bones in the lower leg, extending

from the knee to the ankle bone alongside the fibula (5)

tibia

FIBULA

• human leg bone: the outer and narrower of the two bones in the human lower leg between

the knee and ankle(6)

fibula

TARSALS

• human leg bone: the outer and narrower of the two bones in the human lower leg between

the knee and ankle(7)

tarsals

METATARSALS

• Metatarsals- Long Bones Numbered I through V

• of foot bones: belonging or relating to the bones between the toes and ankle(6)

metatarsals

PHALANGES

• Phalanges- Proximal, Medial, Distal I through V

• finger and toe bone: a finger or toe bone of a human being or vertebrate animal(6)

phalanges