skeletal disorders includes bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints
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Skeletal Disorders
Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints
Tumors of Bone and Cartilage Osteosarcoma –
malignant neoplasm of bone, most common
Chondrosarcoma – cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage tissue
Metabolic Bone Diseases
Osteoporosis – low estrogen level, genetic, postmenopause Excessive loss of
calcified bone matrix
Loss of trabeculae in spongy bone
Compression factures = shorter stature, kyphosis “dowager’s hump”
Metabolic bone disease cont.
Rickets and osteomalacia Demineralization of loss of minerals from bone
related to vit. D deficiency Rickets = children, bowing of legs Osteomalacia = increased susceptibility to
fractures Paget disese –osteitis deformans
Osteoclastic (bone resorbing) and osteoblastic (bone forming) activity = bone deformties
Bone Infection
Osteomyelitis –bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue Persistent and severe pain, muscle
spasm, swelling and fever
Bone fractures
Open fractures (compound) – bone pierces the skin
Closed fracture (simple) – do not pierce the skin Complete fractures – bone fragments separate
completely Incomplete fracture – bone fragments still partially
formed, ex. Greenstick Comminuted fractures – breaks with many
fragments Impacted fractures – bone fractures driven into
each other.
fractures
Linear – parallel to bones axis Transverse – right angle to bones axis Oblique – fracture is diagonal
Bone fracture – Bone bleeds and becomes inflamed Callus (bony framework) formed around
injury which stabilizes the bone fragment
Joint disorders - noninflammatory
Osteoarthritis – degenerative joint disease Formation of bone spurs and degeneration of
articular cartilage Seen more often in hips and knees Includes interphalangeal joints (nodes)
Sprain – acute injury to ligament around joint
Strain – involves muscle, tendon and junction between the two, most occur in muscle tissue
Joint disease - inflammatory
Arthritis – general term Rheumatoid – autoimmune disease,
chronic inflammation of connective tissue, characteristic hand deformities
Gouty arthritis – gout is uric acid build up in the blood, deposited as sodium urate crystals in joints
Infectious arthritis – pathogens infect synovial membrane, ex. lyme