Skeletal System,Muscular System,

&The Skin

We are born with over 300 bones. As we grow, some of these bones fuse

together. As adults we have

only 206 bones!

KidsHealth

Bone Facts:Function - Your bones manufacture red blood cells and store useful minerals.

Bones are held together by muscles that allow them to move.

Some bones are joined by flexible parts called joints.

Ligaments – connective tissue which holds bone in moveable joints. (A sprain is when ligaments are stretched too far.)

The smallest bones are in your ear.

The largest bone, the femur, is found in your thigh.

• The bones in your body are very much alive.

• Each is a living organ made of several different tissues.

• Like all the other living tissues in your body, bone tissue is made of cells that take in nutrients and use energy.

• Bone cells have the same needs as other body cells.

Living Bones

Functions of Your

Skeletal System

1.The skeleton gives shape and support to your body.

2.Bones protect your internal organs.

3.Major muscles are attached to bone and help them move.

4.Blood cells are made in the bone marrow.

Functions of Your Skeletal System

5.Calcium and phosphorous are stored in the skeleton for later use.

http://www.kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?lic=1&article_set=29673&ps=110

Jaw Bone

Tail Bone

Skull – protects the brain.

• Bones have bumps, edges, round ends, rough spots, and many pits and holes.

• Muscles and ligaments attach to some of the bumps and pits.

Bone Structure

• In your body, blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through the holes.

Define:

•Joint•Cartilage•Ligament

• Joint - Anyplace where two or more

bones come together. • Cartilage - Slick,

smooth, slippery,

flexible tissue that

makes movement

easier .• Ligaments - A tough band of

tissue that is attached to bones.

• Cartilage – a connective tissue that is more flexible than bone.

•It reduces friction that would be caused by bones rubbing together.

• Joints are broadly classified as immovable or movable.

Immovable Joints

• An immovable joint allows little or no movement.

Ex. skull and pelvis

Movable Joints – Describe each:

•Pivot Joint•Ball and Socket Joint•Hinge Joint•Gliding Joint

• pivot joint - one bone rotates in a ring of another bone that doesn’t move.

Movable Joints

• Ex. Forearm

• ball-and-socket joint consists of a round bone fitting into a cup-like bone.

Movable Joints

• Ex. Shoulder & Hip

• hinge joint-back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door.

Movable Joints

• Ex. Knee, elbows, toes, & fingers

• gliding joint - a bone slides over another bone in a back-and-forth motion.

• Ex. Wrists, ankles, and between vertebrae

Movable Joints

Your rib cage is made up of 12 vertebrae, 24 ribs and a breastbone in three parts. It protects your heart and lungs from knocks and bumps.

Look, Mom, no hands....no feet!!

Over half your bones are found in your hands and feet. There are 26 bones in each foot and 27 in each hand.

Skeletal System

OsteoporosisOsteoporosis – mineral loss in bones where they become weak

and break easily.

Scoliosis

Interactivehttp://www.ehc.com/vbody.asp

-Possible causes:congenital spine deformities, genetic conditions, neuromuscular problems, etc.

-Over 80% of scoliosis cases, have no known cause and are found in otherwise healthy people.

MRI’s soft tissue X Rays bone tissue

“I’m just “bigged boned”.” (??)

Movable Joints –

•Pivot Joint - Forearm

•Ball and Socket Joint – Hip / Shoulder

•Hinge Joint – Fingers, elbow, knees and toes

•Gliding Joint – Neck vertebra & down spine, wrist, ankle

Human Skeleton 9

KidsHealth

Muscles & the Facts

• Goose Bumps – caused by smooth muscles, the tiniest muscles.

• 100 muscles in your face

• 17 muscles used to smile • 43 muscles to frown!!!!!

FACTOID• Spasm- strong muscle

contractions when enough food & oxygen aren’t available.

Movement of the Human Body

• Muscle - an organ that can relax, contract, and provide the force to move your body parts.

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Involuntary Muscles – muscles you can’t control consciously.

• work all day long• Ex: circulatory and digestive muscles.

Voluntary muscles - Muscles that you are

able to control .

Parts of the Muscular System

Smooth Muscles

Cardiac Muscles

Skeletal Muscles

Tendons

Define each part of the Muscular System.

Cardiac muscles Involuntary muscle that

controls the heart.• Skeletal muscles

– Voluntary muscles that make us move

– THEY WORK IN PAIRS. Muscles always pull. They never push.

Smooth muscles Involuntary muscles in organs and body systems.

Types of Muscles:

• the muscles that move bones

• muscles that work in pairs

Skeletal MusclesSkeletal Muscles

•Tendons - Tissues that attach muscle to bones to

enable movement .

Walking bobby pin

Cardiac Muscle• Cardiac muscle - found only in the heart.

• This type of muscle contracts about 70 times per minute every day of your life.

Smooth Muscles

• Smooth muscles - found in your organs.

• involuntary muscles that slowly contract and relax. • Internal organs are

made of one or more layers of smooth muscle.

Muscular System

Pushing the Limits 43

What is Skin???

• http://www.wimp.com/whatskin/

Epidermis – Upper layer of thin skin where skin cells die and flake off.

Dermis – Layer of cells below the epidermis where blood vessel and nerve endings are located.

Your Largest Organ

• Your skin is the largest organ of your body.

• Much of the information you receive about your environment comes through your skin.

• You can think of your skin as your largest sense organ.

List the 6 functions of the Integumentary / Skin

System.

Functions of Integumentary / Skin System

• Covers body and prevents water loss.• Protects body from infection or injury.• Regulates body temperature.• Eliminates waste - salt and excess

water.• Gathers information from environment

(Touch, etc.)• Produces Vit. D to help digestive

Skin….Stress….Hormones….Pimples

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/does-stress-cause-pimples-claudia-aguirre

Melanin

• Cells in the epidermis produce the chemical melanin.

• Melanin is a pigment that protects your skin and gives it color.

• The different amounts of melanin produced by cells causes differences in skin color.

Melanin

• When your skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays, melanin production increases and your skin becomes darker.

• Lighter skin tones have less protection from the Sun

• Such skin burns more easily and may be more susceptible to skin cancer.

Skin Cancer• Damaged skin

cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably.

Squamous Cell – another type of skin cancer.