SKEPTICISM REFLECTED IN NOVEL BY RANSOM RIGGS: MISS

PEREGRINE’S HOME FOR PECULIAR CHILDREN: SOCIOLOGICAL

PERSPECTIVE

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for getting Bachelor

Degree of Education in English Department

by:

AYU LULIARTI

A320150108

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERISTY OF SURAKARTA

2019

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SKEPTICISM REFLECTED IN NOVEL BY RANSOM RIGGS: MISS

PEREGRINE’S HOME FOR PECULIAR CHILDREN: SOCIOLOGICAL

PERSPECTIVE

Abstrak

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis suatu novel karya Ransom Riggs yang diterbitkan

pada tahun 2011 dengan judul Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children. Novel ini

menceritakan tentang kehidupan remaja laki-laki yang mencari tahu mengenai kebenaran

pembunuh kakeknya. Rasa peduli, dan penasaran, membawanya masuk dalam sebuah

petualangan untuk bertemu dengan anak-anak yang berkemampuan istimewa. Sebelum

meninggal, kakeknya telah memberikan berbagai petunjuk agar Jacob dapat menemukan

anak-anak berkemampuan istimewa tersebut. Topik ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih

dalam mengenai arti dari fenomena keraguan atau proses mencari tahu dalam novel ini.

Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sosiologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil

pertama ditemukan bahwa indikator dari skeptikism menunjukkan kurangnya rasa percaya,

berpikir kritis, dan rasa penasaran. Temuan yang kedua penggambaran skeptissme melalui

karakter, kejadian, latar tempat dan waktu, dan gaya bahasa. Ransom mengangkat isu ini

untuk memotivasi pembaca untuk tidak mudah menyerah dalam mengemukakan

kebenaran.

Kata kunci: Skeptisisme, Berpikir secara Kritis, Perspektif Sosiologi, Keraguan

Abstract

The research aimed to analyzing a novel by Ransom Riggs published in 2011 entitled Miss

Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children. This novel tells about the existence of a teen boy

who searches for the truth of his grandfather’s murderer. His care and his curiosity brings

him enter to an experience to meets with the peculiar children. His grandfather has given

several clues in order to Jacob can find those peculiar children. This topic aimed to dig

deeper about the meaning of skepticism reflected in this novel. This research is using a

sociology perspective to analyze this research. The first result is the indicators of

skepticism are less trusting, thinking critically, and being curious. The second result is the

depiction of skepticism which depicted through the character, events, setting, style,

imagery and symbol. Ransom rises this issue of skepticism to motivate the readers to not to

give up easily at finding the truth.

Keywords: Skepticism, Thinking Critically, Sociology Perspective, Doubt

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1. INTRODUCTION

Skepticism is a term of phenomenon of the process or inquiry the evidence of

argumentation. According to Hurtt (1999) the methodological skeptic is one who uses

doubt and questioning and in the search for knowledge, in addition the dogmatic

skeptic uses doubt and questioning to demonstrate the inability to obtain knowledge.

Kurtz (1992) derived skepticism as a method of doubt use to sue the evidence, and it

essentials to the process of scientific research, philosophical dialogue, and critical

intelligence. In addition, according to Merriam-Webster dictionary, skepticism is an

attitude of doubt in general or toward specific object. The doctrine of exact knowledge

is uncertain, and the skeptics characterized as has a suspended judgment, systematic

doubt, or criticism. It is the process of finding a supported conclusion, not the

justification of a preconceived conclusion. Skepticism is an essential, and meaningful,

component of the search for truth. It also appropriates with the utterance by Shermer

(1941) that skepticism is a process for discovering the truth rather than general non-

acceptance.

Doubtfulness oftentimes happened to society when the people accept any

information which is no explanation. In the social life, people oftentimes express their

doubtfulness to any information in order to find the truth and certainty. To break the

doubtfulness the people must think critically, it can be people to get the explanation by

asking, interviewing and by re-establish the statement. It is agree with the statement by

Coon (2003) that a critical thinking is evaluation ability, comparing, evaluating,

criticizing, and synthesizing the information. Rene Descartes (1641), a philosophy

figure from France reveals a statement as “Corgito ergo sum” means that “I think

therefore I am”. It is clearly enough that the society try to find the certainty of

doubtfulness, where to get the exact answer the people should to proceed by thinking

critically. Here the researcher assumes that to get an exact certainty the people can

doubt the knowledge so that the people could think why is it happen? So from that

process that is going on a truth absolute.

Ransom Riggs is a writer who grew up on the Eastern shore of Maryland. He

got a degree of English literature from Kenyon College and one in film from the

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University of Southern California. Ransom Riggs is also best known for writing the

young adult novel which resulted from collecting old photographs. He also enters the

film festival circuit and gets discovered.

According to some account comments the story of novel Miss Peregrine’s

Home for Peculiar Children categorized for teens and young adult, but it is more like a

fairy tale than a novel. By an account named Giselle on Goodreads that the mystery

around the house was explained which was fairy early and without any nuance, it

became very boring and almost childish story. In additions by the name of LT on

amazon.com commentary, it was a great book for adults and young people. There was

not any sex or a lot of violence at all and the fascinating photographs only made it

more interesting. The positive respond that the book has been getting a lot of wells

deserves attention by unusual antique photograph into the narrative. The book also

makes suspend the writer disbelief with interesting characters, entertaining situations,

colorful descriptions and comic timing. The excellent characters also developed in-

depth philosophy about value of life, friendship, and love.

The novel entitled Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children by Ransom

Riggs and was published by Quirk Book in 2011 achieves an award as The Best

Fiction for Young Adults by SLCT on Wednesday, on April 25, 2012 – 10:06 by the

winner type is PTMD. It gets on the New York Times best-seller and named by

Amazon as one of “100 Young Adult Books to Read in a Lifetime.” It has been

translated into more than 40 languages and sold more than 9 million copies. This novel

also adapted into a movie by Tim Boston with the same title that published on

September 30, 2016.

Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children is the first novel by Riggs. The

novel by Ransom Riggs entitled Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children is the

novel published in June 7th, 2011 by Quirk Book. This novel included of two worlds

namely, the real world which Jacob Portman lives and the loop which the peculiar

children live. There are ten peculiar children with their own gifted and one bird

peculiar called Miss Peregrine whom often shown by the author in the novel. Jacob

Portman, 16 years old boy that does not believe with his grandpa’s story about the

peculiar children. Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children is the novel book

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series that Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children is the first book series, and

the second series is Miss Peregrine’s Home For Peculiar Children: Hollow City

(2014), the third series is Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children: Library of

Souls (2015), and the fourth series are Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children:

A Map of Days (2018). In addition, the novel interest exists on the characters that the

writer creates such an imaginative character of the peculiar children such they have a

magic on themselves. The journey of the main character called Jacob Portman to

obtain the proven thing of others creature that killed his grandfather.

Therefore, this current study would like to find out when the people so-called

as a skeptic and what are those indicators, it is delivered in the first research question

as what are the indicators of skepticism in the novel by Ransom Riggs: Miss

Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children. In addition, this current study also would

like to find out how the skepticism depicted in the character on novel and the last is to

discuss the reason of the author addressed skepticism to the character on novel: Miss

Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children.

2. METHOD

In this study, the research method uses qualitative research. Bryman (2004) delivers

that a qualitative research generally emphasizes words rather than quantification to

collect and analyze the data. This study use data collecting to collect the data and

content analysis to analyze the data. The purpose of this research is to analyze the

indicators of skepticism in the novel entitled Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar

Children using sociological perspective.

The object of this research is the material object and formal object. The

material object of this research is the novel itself: Miss Peregrine’s Home for

Peculiar Children written by Ransom Riggs published in 2011. The formal object

that this current study decides to take an issue about a necessary of skepticism

reflected in this novel.

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Type of the data of this study taken from two sources, they are primary and

secondary data sources. The primary data source for the study is Miss Peregrine’s

Home for Peculiar Children novel written by Ransom Riggs. The secondary data

source are from several sources as references, the author biography, the articles, the

film of this novel by the same title, and the reviews of the novel from the internet, E-

books, and other resources that support the research.

3. FINDING AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Indicators of skepticism

Indicators of skepticism that are shown in the novel are not clearly visible but the

researcher success in finding the indicators. There are three indicators that illustrate

skepticism namely: (1) Less Trusting, (2) Think Critically, and (3) Curious.

3.1.1 Less Trusting

The finding of less trusting points out the distrust to someone where people are

only good at saying things without giving any evidence upon their words. Ricky is

certain that the thing as what be seen by Jacob is only his hallucination, because he

absolutely does not see anything in that place. It is proven when Ricky said that he had

not seen any creature, and he swore up in that night, and add that police concludes it

caused of feral dogs as has been taken bites out of woman in this week before. In

addition, when Emma suspect to Jacob when he come to the house, because Emma

feels he wants to kill her and the peculiar. She is pushing so hard against Jacob’s

windpipe that makes Jacob difficult to breathe. In spite, Jacob feels glad that the knife

is dull, or she surely cut him. Jacob croaks that he does not whatever she thinks, and

he can prove it that he is grandson of Abe Portman.

3.1.2 Being Curious

Curious is way to get the doubt phenomenon by asking a lot balanced with the

action. This is suitable with the statement by Hurtt (1999) that an act which uses doubt

and question to aid in the search for knowledge called methodological skeptic. This

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condition is experience by the character named Jacob Portman that he wants to know

about the dead of his beloved grandfather, so every peculiar child need his help Jacob

asks them back to break his curious of the cause of dead, who killed his grandfather,

especially about the creature as he seen at that time. Curiosity explains by Berlyne

(1960) defines as a need or desire for knowledge it can be used to describe the specific

behavior that curiosity is as a motivation to exploratory behavior. As in the social life

which reflects by a kid who always asks the reason why we should take a bath two

times? And it is usually only answer as because it is time to take a bath. Though, we

do not feel sweaty or hot. This example shows that curiosity exists because of the

presence of habit or curiosity.

3.1.3 Thinking Critically

According to Bunge, that “skeptic does not naively accept the first things as

skeptics are critical whom eager to see evidence before believing” (1991, p.131). That

means skeptics have critical thinking before believing until they get the evidence. The

researcher assumes that a skeptic is always asking a lot until they get satisfied about

the answer of the issues.

Critical thinking also can be a way to decide a decision. Think critically be able

to help in decide a decision which should take it immediately. In the term of critical

thinking, people would like to compare two sides of the positive and negative to get an

exact judgment. Mentioned that an active judgment, persistence, and careful about a

firm belief which is seen from the point of the reason that support and continuous of

preferences (Dewey, 1909). It illustrates by the character named Jacob who should

decide of two things, the first one he must live in the loop with peculiar forever in

order to keep the peculiar from Hollows attack, but he cannot finish his study and

continue to the college, or he has to back to his family in Florida, but the peculiar may

in danger because of the Hollow. It can be sum up, this part of skepticism called think

critically also able to help people in order to decide on a decision by comparing any

options.

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3.2 The Depiction of Skepticism in the novel

3.2.1 Through Character

Character that shows skepticism in the novel is clear. There are two characters

that represent skepticism in this novel namely: (1) Caring Character, (2) Curious

Character.

3.2.1.1 Caring Character: Tends to do something beyond a reason

One of the skepticism acts reflected by having loved and care character as

found in this novel. According to Rubin in his book entitled Liking and Loving, there

are three elements of love namely, attachment, caring, and intimacy. Jacob Portman as

the main character who pretty love his grandfather when he was child he was always

gather with his grandfather rather than his parent. He is also willing to leaf his work in

sudden when his father asks him to see his grandfather to make sure that he is okay. In

addition, when his beloved grandfather died Jacob feels so worst because he cannot

keep his grandfather safe from the hollow that killed him. Then, Jacob goes for

thousands miles to meets Miss Peregrine as his grandfather message before he died.

3.2.1.2 Being Curious Character: Eager to know with action

The desire of knowing or eager to know about the something in order to get the

evidence and satisfied of science, this ways called curious. That the uncertainty appear

when someone has a new experience, shock, or strange (Berlyne, 1960). One act that

show the curious when Dr. Golan give suggestion to see the island as written on the

letter and also to get a holiday to decrease his overhead imagination about the monster.

By those suggestions, Jacob’s parent agrees and brings him to get relaxing the

situation to forget the creature that time. At that moment, Jacob does not say to his

father anything he uses the holiday to search more about the peculiar house as written

on the letter. The curiosity will aim the people to decrease those uncertain acts, such as

ask many questions or do the real act to get evidence by their own eyes (Gagne, 1985).

The statement is also sturdy by the act of Jacob again when he tries to search in his all

environment in order to get the clue of that accident.

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3.2.2 Through Setting

There is some setting of place and time that reflected the skepticism in this

novel, there are in Florida, in Cairnholm Island in past time and in Cairnholm Island in

present time.

3.2.2.1 In Florida

The first place happened of skepticism act is in the Florida where Jacob and his

family lived in a house nearby woods. Again, it shows in the woods which is occur

Abe Portman dead by the creature which could be seen only by Jacob. Which is

happens in Somnolent Beach, Florida. In a way he looks for many proven things that

open the way to find the doer who killed his grandfather, Jacob tries to search it in all

around his environment in Somnolent Beach, Florida. In a way he meets Dr. Golan,

the psychiatry in Florida, so Jacob suggested for having a holiday in a place that

written as in the letter.

3.2.2.2 In Cairnholm Island in past and present time

Both Jacob and his father arrive on the island which the house located they

currently look for a home stay as their place to take a rest for about three weeks. His

father observes the bird colonies in the beach of Wales, Cairnholm Island and Jacob

search for the house of peculiar by helping of the local people. That setting happened

in the present time after Jacob and his parents follow the suggestion by Dr. Golan.

Besides, the setting of Wales, Cairnholm Island in the pastime occur when

Jacob succeeds a take into the loop of peculiar a day before the house bomb by the

war, on September 3, 1940. In the house, Jacob meets with ten peculiars and a bird

that is Miss Peregrine, the headmistress. In this setting, the skepticism act often

happen one of it as when Emma says that Jacob is a peculiar as her, that he can see the

monster called Hollwgasts, he can enter the peculiar’s time loop.

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3.2.3 Through Event

Events that show skepticism in this novel are clearly to find. There are two

events that describe the skepticism in the novel those are (1) First meeting, and (2)

Death.

3.2.3.1 First Meeting

The first event that shows skepticism in this novel is when Emma and Jacob

meet for the first time after Jacob enter the time of a loop on September 3, 1940. For

many times, Emma disbelieves to Jacob that he is a grandson of Abe Portman as his

friend when Abe was young. Because Emma thinks that he has ill speaking, she takes

a knife to Jacob’s throat and speaks in a heavy and scares voice.

3.2.3.2 Death

Death is an event when someone lost their soul, it causes of many factors such

as sick, depressed, age, suicide, or kill by someone. The skepticism event begins in the

death of Abe, when Abe Portman feels there are Hollowgats nearby his home. In that

time, Jacob asked by his father to see grandpa to make sure he is okay, but Jacob finds

his grandfather lay down in the grass with blood out of his body and his eyes gone.

The police stated that the feral dogs were killed him, but Jacob disagree about that

because he sees a big and terrify creature, unfortunately no one see it, even Ricky

there, where the incident happened. Here, Jacob’s curiosity grows, he is very curious

of who has killed his grandpa actually even he was convinced that scare creature was

killed him.

3.2.4 Through Style

According to Keraf and Murtono (2010), a language style is a way to reveals an

idea through typical language which gives the attention to the soul and personality of

the writer itself. The diction of skepticism in this novel dispersed into.

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3.2.4.1 Diction

Diction is a choice of words selected by the author in describing the story he

made. With diction then a word will be seen more clearly and precisely in accordance

with its use.

3.2.4.1.1 Doubt

According to Shakespeare (1817) that skepticism is a negativity capability of

being in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after facts and

reasons. The statements reflected to the act of Jacob when he asks by Millard, that he

is a peculiar child as his grandfather was that he can see an invisible creature. But,

Jacob refuses that he has a doubt about that, he does not think about the spectacular

talent. Jacob refuses like.

“I don’t know. I don’t think so” (MPPC, p. 85)

This event suitable with the statement of Descartes (1644) that rejected of any

ideas can be doubted with his famous formulation as “Dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum”

means “I doubt, therefore, I think, I don’t think so, therefore I am”, it is also called as

methodological skepticism or Cartesian skepticism.

3.2.4.1.2 Suspicion

Suspicious is an act of having and showing a cautious distrust of someone or

something, it is represented by Merriam-Webster dictionary. This discussed as

reflected in the Emma’s statement when she feels uncomfortable and suspected Jacob

as an enemy that she distrust to him. Emma is so hurry to get in bad action through

Jacob, that Emma presses the knife against Jacob’s throat. It indicates, she feels in

danger and scare. It is appropriate with the statement deliver by Mar’at (1981) that the

social judgment or suspicious is an assumption which has a positive or negative value,

but it is usually leaning to negative value. Added by Kossen (1986) analyze that a

social judgment or suspicious is an intern tendency or make some decisions based on

not enough evidences.

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3.2.4.1.3 Nonsense

A term to mentions that something which is having no intelligible ideas or

having no meaning. In the novel, an event which shows by the character of Ricky, he

stated that the monster, scared creature is only a story and imagination, in the scene of

the crime, in woods near Abe’s house he does not see anything as what Jacob saying.

Ricky thinks that it just nonsense thing to believe, he does not see the monster there or

any big and terrify creatures. The sense of mind (Freud, n.d.) is only relies on the

argument, not count by the nature of law.

3.2.5 Through Imagery and Symbol

The next data as a depiction of skepticism are through imagery and symbol,

which reflected skepticism in this novel as the data here.

3.2.5.1 Imagery

Imagery here related to any description relates to the person’s five senses as

visual (view), auditory (sound or voice), olfactory (smell), gustatory (taste), and tactile

(touch) (Kumar, 2016). The imagery of skepticism which found in this current

research as Jacob is following his grandpa’s death in the environment to see who

killed his grandpa.

Where to ride it the people should be touched it and it is type of tactile. The

second word is analyzed, it is indicated an act to see deeper of something carefully by

himself well it is type of visual or view. And the next word that indicate imagery is

interviewed, where to do interview we should use our mouth to speak up, ask some

question and to respond it, and it is called auditory imagery or voices.

3.2.5.2 Symbol

The symbol is represented an object which has other meaning, in other ways it

is not say directly that the reader should infer based on the topic in advance. The

symbol of skepticism that found in this novel delivered by the characters named Emma

Bloom, when she meet Jacob, she has scared, doubt, negative thinking, and has bad

prejudice. She thinks of Jacob’s come wants to kill her and kill other peculiar.

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Although, Jacob says the truth and proven by showing the letter from Miss Peregrine,

Emma still does not believe in him.

3.3 Reasons Why Ransom Riggs Addressed Skepticism

Ransom Riggs is novelist, he has written this novel in many series as follows:

Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children is the first book series, and the second

series are Miss Peregrine’s Home For Peculiar Children: Hollow City (2014), the

third series are Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children: Library of Souls (2015),

and the fourth series are Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children: A Map of Days

(2018). This novel is the first novel that translated into more than 40 languages and

achieves an award as The Best Fiction for Young Adult by SLCT, in April 2016.

In the novel Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children there is a skepticism

aspect depicted by the character named Jacob Portman, Ricky, and Emma Bloom.

Jacob Portman is the main character, he is also very ambitious of his curiosity to know

the peculiar children that begin with his curious of cause his grandfather dead.

By the indicators of skepticism in Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar

Children, it makes everyone believe that there is a will there is a way, that the result is

not lie of the process. Jacob Portman consistent with his firm belief that was in the

woods are monster, he also believe that he is not a peculiar as delivered by Emma

Bloom. Whereas, it makes Jacob gets ridicule by his friend, Ricky. The author

persuades the reader to be not given up easily that evidence is more important rather

than just a story.

3.4 Discussion

The major concern of sociology is the society it is well-known as the “science

of society” (Rao, 1972, p. 17). It is appropriate with the statement on the book entitled

The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology edited by Johnson (1972, p. 4) that social life

and behavior study, in relation to specific system especially, how they work, change,

the consequences they produce and their complex relation to people’s live. It reveals

that the existence of a literary creation could the determined social situation.

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There are three parts of sociology of literature by Swingwood and Laurenson

(1972), the first one is literary work as a mirror age, the second one is literary work

deals with the social situation of the author, and the third one is literary work is as the

specific historical moment. Alan Swingewood (1972) states that sociology is

essentially the scientific, objective study of man in society, the study of social

institutions and of social process.

In the novel Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children, the social relations

of Jacob and Ricky, where Ricky does not believe in Jacob about the monster which

he has been seen in the night when grandfather died. Disbelieving also directed by

Emma Bloom, when Jacob and Emma meet for the first time in the house of peculiar,

Jacob says that he is a grandson of Abe Portman, unfortunately Emma thinks that he

wants to kill her which means she does not believe in Jacob because that is the first

time they have meet.

4. CONCLUSION

This current research is already finds three indicators that reflected skepticism in novel

of Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children, namely: less trusting, thinking

critically, and being curious. The first thing is less trusting shows by Ricky when

Jacob stated there are monsters in the woods when Abe dead, while thinking critically

differs by Jacob and Emma that delivered a lot of statements which not accepted and

by asking deeper. Besides, the third finding of indicators of skepticism is being

curious, with Jacob curiosity makes him search around the house of Abe in order to

find the clue towards the Hollowgasts. In addition, his curiosity brings Jacob asks a lot

of questions as he can to people in Florida and Wales, Cairnholm Island about the

house of peculiar.

The second finding of depiction reflected skepticism in this novel towards

characterization as follows loving and caring character, and curious character which

discuss by the theory of Rubin, Berlyne, and Gagne. Element of setting also bring to

depict the skepticism where the time or place happened. In this novel there are three

whole area which happened the skepticism namely: in Florida where Jacob Portman

and his family lived, in the Wales, Cairnholm Island where Jacob and his father have

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holiday to decrease Jacob’s overhead of the Hollowgats, in spite Jacob ask local

people to get more information about the house. And then is in Wales, Cairnholm

Island, on September 3, 1939, where Jacob finds the house of peculiar, meet the

peculiars and as the evidence all of Abe’s story. Beside, the characters and setting,

through style, through event, through imagery and symbol are reflected the skepticism

in this novel.

The last is the reason why the author raises skepticism in this novel. The reason

is to encourage or motivate the reader that the act of skepticism is necessary rather

than believe it quickly. In gaining explanation and truth, the most important thing is

the process.

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