sketch mode chapter 3. training manual december 17, 2004 inventory #002176 3-2 sketch mode contents...
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Sketch Mode
Chapter 3
December 17, 2004
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Contents
• DesignModeler Geometry
• Length Units
• DesignModeler Geometric Entities
• Sketch Mode
• New Plane Button
• New Sketch Button
• “From Face” Plane/Sketch
• The Sketch Mode GUI
• Planes and Sketches
• Plane Transforms
• Sketching Tools
• Sketching - Basic Shapes
• Sketch Details
• Sketch Constraints
• Sketch Dimensions
• Dimension Editing
• Workshop 3-1, Sketching
• Modifying Sketches
• Sketch Instance
• Geometry Interfaces
• Attaching to a CAD Session
• Importing CAD Files
• Positioning Imports
• Import Units
• Exporting a Model
• Body Attributes
• Workshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
DesignModeler Geometry
• To study DesignModeler geometry we’ll focus on four fundamental areas:– Sketch mode:
• Contains tools to create 2D geometric shapes as a prerequisite to 3D geometry creation or concept modeling.
– 3D Geometry:
• Geometry derived from sketch entities such as extrusions, revolves, surface models, etc.
– Geometry import:
• Geometry originating from a commercial CAD system. Typically imported into DM to allow modification for FE meshing.
– Concept modeling:
• These tools are used to create and modify line and surface bodies which can be used as the basis for FE beam and shell models.
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Length Units
• When a new DM session is started a dialog box allows selection of the desired length unit (can be set as default)
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
DesignModeler Geometric Entities
• Points
– 2D Sketch Points
– 3D Vertices– PF Points (Point Features):
• spot-welds
• point loads
• construction points
• Edges (Lines, Curves)
– 3D, and 2D Sketch
• Faces (Areas, Surfaces)
• Bodies (Volumes)
• Multiple bodies
(not shown)
S
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Sketch Mode
• DM sketches are created on planes. In a new DM session there are three default orthogonal planes in place at the global origin (XY, ZX, YZ).
• Users may create and position new planes as needed by defining origin and orientation or by using existing geometry as a reference.
• The process to begin sketching is twofold:1. Identify the plane upon which you wish to sketch.
2. Create or identify the sketch which lies on the desired plane.
• Users may create as many planes as needed.
• Each plane may have multiple sketches associated with them.
• In the next few pages we’ll look at plane and sketch entity creation and tools to assist in sketching.
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GUI - Graphical User Interface
New Plane Button
• >New Plane creates a new plane: – New plane object is placed in the Tree
– Six types of plane construction (Detail Pane):• From Plane – new plane is based on another existing plane
• From Face – new plane is based on a face
• From Point and Edge – new plane is defined by a point and a straight line edge
• From Point and Normal – new plane is defined by a point while its normal is defined by an edge direction
• From Three Points – new plane is defined by three points
• From Coordinates – new plane is defined by typing in the coordinates of the origin and normal
– Sketches are then added to plane
• A sketch is utilized to create 3D geometry
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GUI - Graphical User Interface
New Sketch Button
• New Sketch : creates new sketch on the active plane.
• New sketches are placed in Tree beneath their associated Plane.
• Navigate sketches (make active) via the Tree or drop down list.
• Note: drop down list references sketches on currently active plane (see example below).
XYPlane is activeOnly XYPlane sketches displayed in drop down
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Training Manual
GUI - Graphical User Interface
“From Face” Plane/Sketch Shortcut
• Shortcut to create a new “From Face” plane and sketch using existing geometry:– Highlight desired surface to place new plane.– Switch to the Sketch tab and begin sketching.– New plane and sketch are automatically created!
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
The Sketch Mode GUI
• In sketch mode the GUI presents sketching “toolboxes” to the left through a series of panels.
At the beginning of a new session the XY plane is displayed at the origin.
Plane and sketch creation and management
ToolBox
Panels
DrawPanel
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Sketch Mode
Planes and Sketches
• The active plane is highlighted in the tree and shown in the drop down list.– Active plane can be changed from either
location.
• Clicking the “New Plane” button results in a plane being created.
• The same functionality and behavior applies to sketch creation and manipulation.
• Note that each sketch will be associated with a plane.
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Sketch Mode
Planes and Sketch Details
After setting plane details, the “Generate” button creates the new plane.
Note: this step is not necessary for sketch creation.
Can “Generate” with RMB
The “Details” for each plane and sketch controls basic behavior.
The triad and display ruler can be turned on/off.
Triad
Ruler
The plane origin can be turned on/off.
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• Up to 9 plane transformations are available. They can be applied quickly by choosing the desired transform through the RMB in the “Transform” field in the plane detail window.
Sketch Mode
Plane Transforms
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• Once a transform is selected, additional properties may appear that will allow you to enter offset distances, rotation angles, rotation axes, etc.
Sketch Mode
Plane Transforms…
To add an additional transform, set Additional Transform? to Yes.
This transform requires both an offset and a rotation angle.
PLANE4
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Training Manual
• The “Settings” panel allows a sketch grid to be defined and displayed (default = off).– Snap feature applies to major and minor
spacing.
Sketch Mode
Sketching Tools - Grid
Major spacing (solid)
Minor spacing (dashed)
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• Grid Snaps per Minor allows snapping to points in between minor grid lines.
Sketch Mode
Sketching Tools – Grid…
This rectangle is snapped halfway between two minor grid lines.This rectangle is snapped halfway between two minor grid lines.
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Training Manual
• The Ruler tool allows you to get a quick sense of scale.
Sketch Mode
Sketching Tools – Ruler
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Sketching Tools – Auto Constraints
• By default DM is in “auto-constraint” mode.
• Auto constraints allow new sketch entities to automatically snap to a location or orientation.
• The cursor indicates the kind of constraint that will be applied.
• Examples:
(see documentation for complete list)
Vertical and Horizontal constraints while sketching a line.
Point constraint at beginning of line sketch.
Coincident constraint at beginning of line sketch.
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• When creating or changing planes and sketches the “Look At” tool will immediately orient the display so that the plane, sketch or selected entity is normal to your view.
• Many operations either require or are more efficient via a right mouse click context menu from the graphics screen.
Sketch Mode
Sketching Tools – Tips
Right mouse click
“RMB”
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Sketch Mode
Sketching Tools – Tips …
• The Undo/Redo buttons are available in sketch mode only.– Removes the last completed sketching operation.– Multiple undo’s allowed.– IMPORTANT: Each plane stores its own Undo “stack”.
• The “Back” operation (available via RMB) acts like a micro undo during sketching operations.
• Remember: only one sketch is active at any time!
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Sketch Mode
Sketching Tools – Tips …
• The GUI status bar contains instructions on completing each operation.
• Example: using the circle operation . . .
1. Choose “Circle”
2. Follow instructions in status bar: choose location for center point
3. Follow instructions in status bar: drag and release for radius
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Sketch Mode
Sketching – Basic Shapes
• Once a plane and sketch have been specified you can begin creating new geometry from the “Draw” toolbox.
• Remember! Some operations will require a right click to complete!– Example: to end a “spline” operation use
the RMB to choose the desired option.
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Details
• Reference numbers for the entities in each sketch (lines, circles, polygons, etc.) can be viewed.
• Useful for parametric modeling discussed later.
Can rename sketches from Detail pane.
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Details …
• Highlighting lines in the graphics screen (sketch mode only), will display details for the line.
Details for highlighted line
Can rename sketch entities from Detail pane.
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Constraints
• Sketch details can also display sketch constraint details.
• Constraints may result from auto-constraints or user defined.
• To delete constraints, highlight the definition and use the delete key.
Constraint definitions
Show constraints
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Constraints . . .
• Sketch entities are also color coded to indicate their current constraint status:• Teal: Under-constrained• Blue: Well Defined• Black: Fixed• Red: Over-Constrained• Gray: Inconsistent or Unknown
• Example:• Initially sketched lines are displayed in
teal color to indicate under-constraint. Note even when dimensioned, these lines are underconstrained since they are not fixed in space
• Adding 2 more dimensions resolves the sketch status and all lines are displayed in blue
Teal
Blue
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Constraints . . .
• By adding too many dimensions and/or constraints the sketch will become over constrained. Over constrained lines are displayed in red in sketch mode
• Applying “Fixed” constraints to 2 of the edges shown here results in the lines being displayed in black
Blue
Red
Red
Teal
Black
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Constraints . . .
• The picture below demonstrates an inconsistent situation (lines displayed in gray). Here the arc is dimensioned with a radius of 5 however the vertical dimension has been specified as 15. Obviously there is no way to maintain the connection between the 2 horizontal lines and the arc while maintaining these dimensions.
Gray
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Dimensions
• DesignModeler contains a complete dimensioning toolbox.
• In addition to individual dimension assignment, semi-automatic dimensioning is available.– Semi-automatic cycles through dimension
choices until model is fully constrained or user chooses to exit semi-automatic mode.
– Right mouse button controls skip or end functions.
• The General dimensioning tool allows quick access to all primary dimensions via a right click context menu.
Right Mouse Click
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Dimensions …
• Move function allows placement of dimension to be modified.
• Animate to view dynamic changes applied to the selected dimension.
• Dimensions can be displayed as the dimension value or name.
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Dimensions …
• To modify dimensions highlight then change value in details window.
Highlight dimension
Enter new value
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• Once highlighted, dimension can also be quickly edited through a RMB menu option, >Edit Name/Value.
Sketch Mode
Dimension Editing
Note: a recent “Generate” might be necessary to see “Value” as well as “Name”
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-1, Sketching
• Using a simple example, let’s see how we put to use what we’ve seen so far (note RMB = Right Mouse Button).
• Goal:– Sketch a rectangle 50mm high and 75mm wide with the bottom left
corner at the origin.– Add a 10mm radius circle within the rectangle with the center 20mm
from the left side and 30mm from the bottom.– Place all dimensions where they can be easily viewed.
R = 10mm
50mm
75mm
30mm
20mm
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-1, Sketching
• >File>New, or Start DesignModeler (Geometry) stand alone mode
• When prompted, set length unit to millimeters
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-1, Sketching
• When DM starts, switch to sketch mode using the sketch tab.– Note: use the “Look At” icon (or RMB options) to
orient the sketch plane in the normal direction.
• Select the “Rectangle” tool and place the cursor at the origin.– Once the “P” (point constraint) symbol shows, click,
hold and drag, then release to create the rectangle.
Icon
RMB
DragClick
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-1, Sketching
• Before continuing, click the “Fit” icon (or RMB menu).
• Now choose the “Circle” tool and click, drag and release to create a circle in the approximate location within the rectangle.
Icon
RMB
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• We’ll now formalize the sketch by adding dimensions.
• Select the Dimension toolbox and leave the default selection at “General”.– Click on the top line of the rectangle to display the proposed
dimension.
– Place the dimension above the rectangle by dragging and clicking.
Workshop 3-1, Sketching
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-1, Sketching
• Repeat the preceding steps to add the remaining dimensions.
• Next modify the details for each dimension to the desired values as shown.
50mm
D = 20mm
75mm
30mm
20mm
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-1, Sketching
• To complete our sketch use the “Move” function in the Dimension toolbox to position (drag) the dimensions (like below for example).
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Training Manual
• Now try animating several dimensions:– Choose the “Animate” function then click on a dimension in the
graphics window.
– Change the dimension display from “Name” to “Value”.
Workshop 3-1, Sketching
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Training Manual
• As a last check of our stated goals go to the details for sketch 1 and change “Show Constraints?” to “>Yes”.
• Scroll down to the details for Line7 and note the base point is coincident with the origin - - DM captured our design intent during sketching.
Note: leave DM session running as we will continue with this geometry later.
Workshop 3-1, Sketching
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches
• The Modify toolbox contains a number of functions for editing sketches.
• Some functions are self explanatory (e.g. fillet, chamfer). This section will focus on some of the less obvious functions.
• Remember! - check the status bar at the bottom of the GUI for real-time instructions for each function.
Status Bar - Example
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
• Split: – RMB Options (choose before selecting edge):
• Split Edge at Selection (default): splits an edge into two pieces at the selection location (unless the edge is a full circle or ellipse). For a full circle or ellipse, both start and end endpoints are created at the selection location.
• Split Edges at Point: Select a point, and all edges, which pass through the selected point, are split there.
• Split Edge at All Points: Select an edge and it is split at all points that it passes through and that have a coincident constraint to it.
• Split Edge into n Equal Segments: Set the value n in the edit box and then select the edge which you want to Split.
– Note: up to 100 allowed for n. – “Split” is useful for sketches to be used with Skin/Loft– “Split” edges also offer greater control in subsequent meshing and/or
boundary condition operations.
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
• Drag:– Can drag a point or edge using the cursor.– How the model changes depends on what is selected, existing
constraints and dimensions.– Can pre-select multiple entities before issuing the Drag function.
Drag - Example
Select corner point of rectangle and drag.
Drag
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
• Cut/Copy:– Requires the selection of a paste handle (RMB) relative to which the
Paste will be performed. – The paste handle is the location to which the cursor is attached while
you are moving the image into position to paste.– RMB paste handle options:
• End / Set Paste Handle, and specify the paste handle.
• End / Use Plane Origin as Handle, the 0.0, 0.0 location of the plane will be used as the paste handle
• End / Use Default Paste Handle, the start of the first curve selected will be used as the handle
– This lets you select a set of items to copy to an internal clipboard, and leaves the originals in the sketch.
– If Cut or Copy is exited without selecting a paste handle, a default will be used.
Copy: RMB options.
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
• Paste:– RMB Context Menu:
• Rotate by +/- r Degrees
• Flip Horizontally / Vertically
• Scale by Factor f or 1/f
• Paste at Plane Origin
• Change Paste Handle
• End
– Paste lets you take items placed on the clipboard by Cut or Copy and place them into the current (or new) sketch, even if it is on a different plane.
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Training Manual
– A Copy/Paste example . . .
• After creating a rectangle we wish to copy it, rotate it by 45 degrees with respect to the origin and scale it by a factor of 0.5.
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
1. Copy
3. RMB
2. Select edges
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Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
4. Choose Paste and set options
5. RMB Rotate
6. RMB Scale
7. RMB Paste
8. RMB End
• Notes on Copy/Cut/Paste:– After copying, paste can be done multiple times.
– Can copy from one sketch and paste to another.
– During Paste operation you can change the paste handle.
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Training Manual
• Cut, Copy, and Paste commands are available as RMB options in sketching mode.
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches – Quick Cut/Copy/Paste
1) Select source edges
2) RMB>Copy
3) Select paste origin
4) Paste the edges
1) Select source edges
2) RMB>Copy
3) Select paste origin
4) Paste the edges
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
• Replicate: – The Replicate command is equivalent to the Copy command, followed
by a Paste.– After one of the End / options is selected, the right mouse button
changes to the Paste right mouse button.
• Move:– The Move command functions the same as the Replicate command
with the exception that your original selection is moved to a new location instead of being copied.
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
• Offset:– The Offset function allows you to create a set of lines and arcs that are
offset by an equal distance from an existing set of lines and arcs.– The original set of lines and arcs must be connected in an open or
closed profile. – Preselect or select the edges then choose the right mouse button
option “End selection / Place offset” – The cursor location is used to determine three things:
• Offset distance
• Offset side
• Offset area– Distance and Side are clear but the “area” is very important:
• If portions of your selected curves would collapse out or cross over one another given the current offset side and distance, the cursor location determines which area of offset curves is kept.
• An example . . .
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
First we choose all edges to be offset
The direction and distance the cursor is moved determines the offset.
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Modifying Sketches …
Notice as the offset is dragged further, the arc will eventually intersect the bottom line.
By alternating the cursor location (left and right) we can determine which offset region will be retained.
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Training Manual
• Sketch Instancing allows copies of sketches to be added in other planes. The copies are persistent, meaning they will update when the source sketch is updated.– Features:
• Edges in a sketch instance are fixed (like a plane boundary) and cannot be moved, edited, or deleted by sketch operations
• When changes are made in the base sketch its instances will be updated when a Generate is done
• A sketch instance can be used just like normal sketches for creating other features except:– Cannot be used as base sketches for other Instances– Sketch instances are not included in the pull-down list of sketches
Sketch Mode
Sketch Instance
Step 1: Choose the destination plane for the instance.
The source sketch must be in a plane prior to the destination plane (higher in Tree).
Therefore, you can never place a sketch instance onto the XYPlane.
Step 1: Choose the destination plane for the instance.
The source sketch must be in a plane prior to the destination plane (higher in Tree).
Therefore, you can never place a sketch instance onto the XYPlane.
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Sketch Mode
Sketch Instance…
Step 2: Choose the source sketch via Apply/Cancel buttons.
Step 3: Modify the placement options. The sketch instance may be offset, rotated, and scaled.
Step 4: Click Generate to complete the sketch instance.
Step 2: Choose the source sketch via Apply/Cancel buttons.
Step 3: Modify the placement options. The sketch instance may be offset, rotated, and scaled.
Step 4: Click Generate to complete the sketch instance.
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Training Manual
Sketch Mode
Sketch Instance…
• Example: Sketch2 is instanced onto Plane4 as Sketch5. Note how the instance appears as fixed edges, similar to plane boundary edges.
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Training Manual
Geometry
Geometry Interfaces
• ACIS - 13.0
• BladeGen – 4.1 (DM-CFX Course)
• Parasolid - 16
• SolidWorks - 2003 SP4 / 2004
• Solid Edge - V15 / V16
• Mechanical Desktop – 2004DX /2005
• Autodesk Inventor – R8 / R9
• Unigraphics – NX 2.0 / NX 1.0
• CATIA - V4
• CATIA - V5 (R2 - R13)
• Pro/ENGINEER – 2001 / Wildfire 1 & 2
• IGES Reader - 4.0, 5.2, 5.3
•DM >File>Import & >File>Attach capability:– Can Import/Attach anytime, even multiple times per model– Can add, subtract, etc. during Import/Attach process– Base Plane Property for orientation
The following CAD versions are supported:
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Training Manual
Geometry
Attaching to a CAD Session
• If a CAD session is currently open, this automatically imports the model into the DesignModeler session
• File>Attach to Active CAD File
• Maintains bi-directional associativity
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Geometry
Importing CAD Files
• File>Import External Geometry File…– The “active” plane controls
placement for “assembly” modeling (multi-bodies).
– The details pane import type: Add, Cut, Slice, etc…
– Does not maintain associativity
Cut
Add
Active Plane
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Geometry
Positioning Imports
• Both Import and Attach have a “Base Plane” property.– Specify the plane (orientation) in
which the Import or Attach model is referenced…
– When creating a new Import or Attach feature, the active plane is chosen as the Base Plane by default
– Users select planes from the tree view or Plane pull-down list prior to import
• Example:– XY chosen for first import – YZ plane for second import– Add material option chosen
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Training Manual
Geometry
Import Units
• Set the desired length unit when DM starts
• Some import types allow you to set the units via the import details (Prior to Generate)
• DM then converts the model length units into the current unit system
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Training Manual
Geometry
Exporting a Model
• File>Export …
• IGES exporting:– When exporting the model to an IGES
file, you have the option to export solids or just trimmed surfaces.
– >Tools>Options
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• DM supports two kinds of body attributes through Import and Attach features :
– Surface body thickness
– Material properties
• Material properties are controlled by the Import Material Properties option in the property list for Import and Attach features. If set to >Yes, then any material properties will be processed with the bodies. Material properties are read-only in DM – they are brought in through the Import and Attach features, but you cannot edit them.
– Properties are transferred with the model when sent to Sim.
Geometry
Body Attributes
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• Surface body thickness is transferred to DM from CAD systems that support it.
– Users can modify the thickness of any surface body in DM.
– The thickness will be attached to the surface bodies when the model is sent to Sim.
Geometry
Body Attributes…
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
• Goals:– Utilize the model created in Workshop 3-1 and generate 3D geometry
from the sketch.– Create a new sketch and extrude it to create a boss on the original
model. – Create another sketch and Imprint a face on the boss to allow for
applying boundary conditions to an FE model.– Save the model and Exit.
• Start Page (if workshop 3-1 was closed):– Choose the option “Open”
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
Continue with the database created in Workshop 3-1
If this is not available open the file called “Workshop 3-1.agdb” and continue with workshop 3-2.
1. With the model open choose the “Extrude” icon from the toolbar.
2. In the extrusion details change the depth to 10mm.
3. Generate the extrusion.
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
4. Insure that the XYPlane is active and click on the “New Plane” icon.
5. In the Details of Plane4 set Transform 1 to be “Offset Z” and change the offset “Value” to 50mm.
6. “Generate” the Plane.
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
7. Click the “Look At” icon to reorient the view.
8. Switch to Sketching mode and choose “Rectangle” from the drawing toolbox (check Auto-Fillet box).
[Sketching] >Draw>Rectangle
9. Draw a rectangle and utilize Auto-Fillet approximately as shown here.
10. Click on the “Dimensions” toolbox.
[Sketching] >Dimension
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11. Dimension the sketch as shown below. Note: your dimension names may not match those shown.
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
12. From the toolbar choose “Extrude” (do not generate yet!).
An isometric view shows the proposed (wireframe) extrude using a surface-normal direction (facing away from the original model).
13. From the Detail window change the direction field from Normal to “Reversed”.
14. Change the Type to “To Next”
15. “Generate” the extrusion.
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
The extrude operation creates the boss which is merged with the original geometry.
Click on >Display Planebutton to turn off plane
+ dimensionsif necessary
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
In our FE simulation we wish to add a boundary condition at an arbitrary location on the boss. We will imprint a face on the boss for that purpose.
16. Select (Highlight) the top surface of the boss.
17. Click the “New Plane” icon in the toolbar.
18. “Generate” the plane.
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
19. Click the “Look At” icon from the toolbar.
20. Go to sketch mode and choose circle from the draw toolbox.
[Sketching] >Draw>Circle
21. Draw a circle approximately like the one shown here.
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22. Add dimensions as shown at right. Note your dimension names may not match those shown here.
[Sketching] >Dimensions>General
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
23. Choose “Extrude” from the toolbar (do not Generate).
24. In the details change the operation to “Imprint Faces”.
25. “Generate” the extrusion
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Training ManualWorkshop 3-2, 3D Geometry
Make sure the surface selection filter is active and highlight (select) the circular surface on the boss.
(Rotate the Model as Desired)
Notice we now have a circular area that we can use for localized boundary conditions in our simulation.
Exit without saving:
“File>Exit Workbench”