Sketching & Dimensioning

Pictorial Drawings

Shows an object like you would see in a photograph

Give a three dimensional view of a room or structure

Three common types Isometric Oblique Perspective

Pictorial Sketch of Kitchen

Isometric Drawings

The most common pictorials Constructed with the two faces 30 degrees

above the horizontal The axes are 120 degrees between each axis Lines that are horizontal are drawn at 30

degrees Vertical lines remain vertical

Isometric of a Cube

Isometric Dimensioning

Dimension lines are parallel to the isometric axes

Extension lines are extended in line with these axes

Isometric Dimensioning

Oblique Drawings

The front view is draw like it would be using orthographic projection

The front view shows all features with true shape and size

The top and side view are then projected back from the front view

Views can be at any angle 15, 30 or 45 degrees are common

Oblique Drawings Cont.

Useful when the front contains more details and features than the side view

A mental image can be created more quickly than with orthographic alone

Two types of oblique drawings cavalier cabinet

Oblique Drawing

Cavalier Oblique

The entire drawing uses the same scale Sometimes creates a distorted appearance

Cavalier Oblique Drawing

Cabinet Oblique

Measurements on the receding axes are reduced by half

More visually realistic representation Often used for drawing cabinets

Cabinet Oblique Drawing

Perspective Drawings

The most realistic of all pictorial drawings Receding lines in the drawing “meet” at a

vanishing point instead of being parallel Eliminates distortion at the back part of

pictorial drawings Two types

parallel (one-point) perspective angular (two point) perspective

Perspective Drawing

Parallel Perspective (One Point) One face of the object is shown as the front

view Lines parallel to the front view remain parallel Lines that are perpendicular to the front view

converge at a SINGLE VANISHING POINT

Angular Perspective (Two-Point) Similar to isometric drawings One edge of the object is place in front The two faces that meet at this edge recede

to DIFFERENT VANISHING POINTS All lines parallel to each face go to the

different vanishing points

Angular Perspective Drawing

Horizon Below Object

Exploded Pictorial Drawings

Used to show relative position of parts or construction details

Used to clarify assembly sequence Common in appliance and cabinetry service

manuals

Exploded Pictorial Drawing

Dimensioning Standards

Standards are different in different career areas.

Civil, Electrical, Construction and other areas follow similar practices, but sometimes with less need for precision in measurements.

Dimensioned drawings are a part of a contractual document.

Dimension Lines

Various means to terminating ends arrow head dot tick

Normally, dimensions are shown ABOVE dimension line

If dimension is needed for construction, it should be on drawing

Do not included unnecessary dimensions

Types of Dimension Lines

Dimensioning Floor Plans

Frame Construction dimensions usually start at the exterior surface

of the stud wall interior walls usually dimensioned to the center

of partitions

Window and Door Openings

Frame Construction Located by their center lines

Window and Door Openings

Masonry Construction Openings are dimensioned to the edges of the

masonry surface openings