skills and abilities and skill classification
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In this section we investigate:
Technical Development
•What is a skill and how skills differ from abilities
•How the brain learns movement Skills
•Theories involved with learning Skills
•How we can best teach different sorts of skills
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Understand the role skill acquisition plays in participating in physical activity
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Write down 5 words your associate with skills and 5 you associate with abilities
What’s the difference?
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‘Skill is said to be gained through learning. Skill is said to be learned behaviour’(B.Knapp)
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Skills are:
•Learned: You are not born with them
•Permanent Changes in Behaviour
• Goal Directed: Used to achieve something
•Efficient: Minimum effort
•Fluent
•Aesthetic
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Little Pinky Green Expensive Ferrari Admirer
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The word ‘Skill’ can be used in two main ways:
•To relate to an act or task (taking a penalty kick)
•As an indicator of the quality of a performance (a well executed shot may be said to be skilful)
Skills usually need to bring together a number of our Abilities
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We are not born with the skills of catching, kicking and throwing etc they have to be learned
But we are born with underlying factors that allow us to perform those tasks
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Natural Innate or inheritedTend to be enduring traits E.g.
Strength Co-ordination Quick thinking Agility Speed
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These are ABILITIES
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Catch a ball? Hand eye coordination Accuracy Balance Fine motor control
Combinations of abilities are needed to perform most skills
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Psychomotor abilitiesGross Motor abilities
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Despite her early performances being unsuccessful or needing her coaches support she has:
Learned to do the skill and can now do this every time,
Would gain a good mark in a competition
Performs with minimum effort and so efficiently
Performs the movement fluently and with confidence
Looks good in the performance and generally is close to the technical model
When we say a Gymnast has performed a skilful back somersault we mean that:
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There are 3 different Types of Skill Intellectual Skills or Cognitive Skills
Skills that involve the use of a persons mental powers like problem solving and verbal reasoning Perceptive Skills
Interpreting and making use of information coming in via the senses. eg. where to pass the ball or which shot to play in Golf
Motor Skills
Smoothly executing physical movements and responses (Voluntary Movements – eg. writing your name)
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Cognitive
Knowing
Perceptive(Affective)
Feeling
Motor Doing
Psychomotor/ Perceptual Motor Skills: when decisions are applied to an action so often using all 3 types of skill
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Perceptual Skill : What can You See?
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Classification of Movement Skills
Skills have been classified on a variety of continuum.
A continuum is a line with two opposing ends and gradual changes in characteristics in between
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There are 4 main Continuum
Fine (Snooker Shot)
Gross (Shot
Putt)
1) Precision of the Movement
2) Is there a Definite Beginning and End?
Continuous
Serial Discrete
Running
Triple Jump
Badminton Serve
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3) Who Controls the timing of the movement?
4) Does the Environment affect the skill?
Internal Pace(Tennis Serve)
External Pace(Return of Serve)
OPEN(Hockey pass in Game)
CLOSED(Hockey pass in
Practice
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Two others could be:
SIMPLE COMPLEX
Organisational Continuum
LOW HIGH
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List the abilities important in your sport
List 10 skills for your sport and classify them