skin conditions in sports
DESCRIPTION
Skin Conditions in sports. Introduction…. The skin ,, is often involved in sports injuries, which range from simple wounds to a variety of This chapter discusses the and describes the categories of wounds and their care Obviously, whenever a potential exposure to blood exists - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SKIN CONDITIONS IN SPORTS
INTRODUCTION… The skin, , is often involved in sports injuries,
which range from simple wounds to a variety of
This chapter discusses the and describes the categories of wounds and their care
Obviously, whenever a potential exposure to blood exists
This chapter presents the latest guidelines available for the prevention of accidental exposure to human blood
INTRODUCTION… Next, the chapter covers skin conditions
related to excessive exposure to Any number of microorganisms, ranging from
Information in this chapter introduces the reader to the common types of , with helpful descriptions of signs and symptoms as well as recommended treatment and prevention protocols
INTRODUCTIONS… The National Collegiate Athletic Association
(NCCA) guidelines on
This section also covers a related group of skin conditions resulting from allergic reactions to plant toxins and other materials
INTRODUCTION… The skin, or ,
represents the largest organ of the human body
Two major layers of tissues, , combine to form this complex organ, which has a total surface area of 3,000 square inches on the average adult (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons [AAOS], 1991)
INTRODUCTION…
Located immediately beneath the skin is a that helps to
insulate the body from the external environment
INTRODUCTION… Skin regionally on the body:
Thicker skin Such as the soles of the feet and palms of the hands
Thinner
The skin serves a variety of purposes, not the least of which is protecting the body from the environment
It is also essential for controlling
, and regulating body temperature
INTRODUCTION… Furthermore,
In addition, specialized cells within the
(AAOS, 1991)
INTRODUCTION… The skin can be damaged in a variety of
ways during participation in sports. External trauma can cause wounds, and
Skin infections can arise from a variety of
. In addition, ; these
may be related to contact with plants or clothing and equipment that contain chemicals to which the athlete is sensitive
WOUNDS…
Sports injuries can cause many types of wounds, ranging from abrasions ( ) to lacerations ( ), all of which may result in infection as well as cosmetic complications (American Medical Association [AMA], 1968).
WOUNDS…
The primary goals of initial wound care are
through cleaning and bandaging
WOUNDS… A primary concern when rendering first aid
care for any wound is to . The majority of wounds seen in sports are
abrasions
WOUNDS… A special type of
abrasion,,
has been associated with playing surfaces in
Turf burns are the result of falls sustained on artificial turf that produce friction and heat
TREATMENT… Treatment of wounds in
sports can be considered as a
Initial first aid care is designed to control bleeding and guard the area from further injury
This is followed later with
TREATMENT… An important aspect of wound care is
protection of fellow
, which can result in the transmission of HIV and HBV organisms.
Risk of exposure involves not only the wound itself,
TREATMENT… Initial treatment of wounds follows first aid
protocol described by the National Safety Council (1993). These are its guidelines: Before rendering first aid, precautions should be
taken against the possible transmission of HIV and HBV. .
Remove Control bleeding with direct pressure over the
wound site by applying some type of sterile dressing.
If dressing becomes soaked with blood, add more dressings on top. Do not remove blood soaked dressings.
TREATMENT… although rare in sports, severe bleeding may not
respond to direct pressure. Increased hemorrhage control can be achieved via
the application of a pressure bandage to a point over either the brachial or femoral arteries, depending on location of the wound.
Tourniquets should be applied only as a last resort; they are rarely needed in first aid for sports-related wounds.
All materials used to treat the wound– gauze pads, towels, and paper towels—should be stored for later disposal identified as containing biohazardous materials.
TREATMENT… At the time of initial first aid, a decision must
be made about whether the athlete will be allowed to return to participation.
Obviously, ; however, the majority of sports-related wounds are not life-threatening occurrences.
Another consideration is protection of other participants, coaches,
In sports such as wrestling, tackle football, and basketball, wounds must be dealt with in such a way to protect other athletes and the coaching staff from incidental exposure
TREATMENT… Although research indicates the risk of
transmission of HIV and exist (Calabrese, Haupt, & Hartman, 1993)
Once the initial bleeding is arrested, a Small wounds are usually treatable by simply
applying a bandage; . Such bandages should be rechecked periodically
during participation to ensure that they remain in proper position and bleeding has not resumed.
TREATMENT…
Lacerations , merit special attention because of their potential cosmetic impact.
Such wounds should be referred to a physician for further evaluation and possible stitches.
As a general rule, any wound going below the dermal layer that is more than a
TREATMENT… The National Safety Council (1993) provides
the following guidelines for cleaning wounds:
Personnel rendering first aid should protect themselves from
Wash the wound with a sterile gauze pad saturated with soap and water.
. This is especially helpful when treating abrasions containing significant amounts of dirt and other foreign material.
TREATMENT… Flush the wound with large amounts of water;
Use isopropyl rubbing alcohol to clean the skin adjacent to the wound site;
. Do not apply chemicals such as
Mercurochrome, Merthiolate, or
. Apply a sterile, dry dressing and hold it in place
with some type of bandage.
TREATMENT… By definition, ,
usually gauze, used to cover a wound to control bleeding and prevent contamination.
A bandage is used to hold the dressings in place.
made elastic adhesive tape that can be directly applied to the skin and holds well even near a moving joint
Severe wounds
.
HIV/HBV AND THE ATHLETE Although the majority of national focus
regarding these two viral infections has focused primarily on HIV, .
It is estimated that 300,000 new HBV infections occur each year.
In 1981, . In 1986 there were approximately 2,000
people infected with HIV in the US; recent data from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate an estimated 1,106,400 diagnosed cases of HIV in the US through 2006 (CDC, 2008).
HIV/HBV AND THE ATHLETE Athletes who (Calabrese, 1989). The virus is spread primarily through blood-to-blood
exposure, which can easily occur when sharing needles during intravenous drug use.
HBV is a . Both HIV and HBV are carried within the blood of
infected persons; . This is especially true if another athlete who also
has an open wound comes into contact with the blood of an infected person.
HIV/HBV AND THE ATHLETE Although