•Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.•His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.•He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.•Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue

•Violent abolitionist• Involved in the Bleeding

Kansas•Murdered 5 pro-slavery

men in Kansas•Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.

Picture/J.Brown

Abraham Lincoln

Some people say I built the log cabin I was born in. I married a crazy lady and had a pansy boy named Tad.

Union Leaders (SSUSH9c)Ulysses S. Grant

He was a graduate of WestPoint. Grant had no intention of making the military as his career. Instead, he wanted to be a professor of mathematics.

Union Leaders (SSUSH9c) Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was 5’8 and only weighed 135 pounds. He did not like red meat of any kind, and the sight of blood made him feel sick. For his meals, he wanted his meat to be cooked so much that it was almost burned. He would not eat any kind of bird, but he did like pork and beans, fruit, and pancakes.

Confederate LeadersRobert E. Lee

He was a WestPoint graduate and the first choice that President

Lincoln wanted as the Commander of

the Union forces.

Confederate LeadersRobert E. Lee

Perhaps the most brilliant military

tactician in the war and his leadership of

the Confederate Army.

Stonewall Jackson

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was a brilliant

field commander under Robert E. Lee for the Confederacy

Stonewall Jackson

He had taught military strategy

at the Virginia Military Institute prior to the Civil

War.

Stonewall Jackson

While out on patrol inspecting the front

lines at Chancelorsville,

Jackson was returning to his campsite. His

troops mistook him for the enemy and shot

him.

William Tecumseh Sherman

• Grant gave overall command to Sherman of all of the Western Forces, amounting to over 100,000 men.

•

Jefferson Davis

• Jefferson Davis was a graduate of West Point• served in the army before becoming a

planter. • He served as a Senator from Mississippi

before resigning – when Mississippi seceded from the Union.

Jefferson Davis

• He was elected President of the Confederacy.

• initially successful in mobilizing the Confederacy for war

• he was unable to maintain the balance of

• military necessity and political will

• to keep the Confederacy from collapsing

Most intense debate in U.S. History•John C. Calhoun (Southerner)•North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•South wanted California•threatened to secede from U.S.•U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South

Comp of 1850

•Daniel Webster (Northerner)•Secession is impractical & impossible•How would we split the land? •The military?•Compromise at all cost•Preserve the Union

• Henry Clay• The Great Compromiser

• John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose this compromise.

Territorial Expansion

Population Growth

•Build a transcontinental connecting California to the East Coast either in the South or North•Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North but had to convince the South otherwise.•Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.•Popular Sovereignty

Kan. & Neb Act

•U.S. Senator from the state of Illinois

•Solve the slavery issue was through Popular Sovereignty

•let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not.

Picture/S.Douglas

•Attacked a U.S. Ammunition

depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct.

of 1859 to capture weapons

and begin his slave revolt.

Picture/J.Brown

Union

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

• He stated that he did not believe the southern states had the right to secede from the Union and thought they were merely rebelling against the government.

• He never considered the Confederacy a separate country.

• Although Lincoln had often stated he in only wished to restrict the spread of slavery instead of abolish it, over time he did embrace the idea of ending the practice in the United States.

Habeas Corpus

• It is the legal rule that anyone imprisoned must be taken before a judge to determine if the prisoner is being legally held in custody.

• The Constitution allows a president to suspend habeas corpus during a national emergency.

• Lincoln used his emergency powers to legalize the holding of Confederate sympathizers without trial and without a judge agreeing they were legally imprisoned.

• Over 13,000 Confederate sympathizers were arrested in the North.

Emancipation Proclamation

Abolitionists •pressured Lincoln to free the

slaves.

Battle of Antietam,• After, he announced that the slaves would be freed.

• Became effective on Jan. 1, 1863, in those states still in

• rebellion. •Emancipation Proclamation •did not end slavery in US

• Lincoln’s “first” step towards ending slavery. •13th Amendment • “Final step” to the Constitution on Dec. 1865 would legally

and constitutionally abolish slavery.

• Freed all slaves in states in

rebellion against the US

• Did not apply to slaves in border states fighting

for US

• No affect on southern areas

already under US control.

• Freed all slaves in states in

rebellion against the US

• Did not apply to slaves in border states fighting

for US

• No affect on southern areas

already under US control.

• War was NOW fought to end slavery.

• US soldiers were “Freedom Fighters”

• War was NOW fought to end slavery.

• US soldiers were “Freedom Fighters”

• Kept Great Britain from siding with the South

and becoming an

ally.

• Kept Great Britain from siding with the South

and becoming an

ally.

War was now a war to • abolish slavery• destroy the South • preserve the Union

War was now a war to • abolish slavery• destroy the South • preserve the Union

Freedom to the Slave, 1863

• Picture celebrated the Emancipation

Proclamation in 1863.

• While it placed a white Union soldier in the

center:

• It also portrayed the important role of African

American troops

• and emphasized the importance of education

and literacy.

How did the South make money

How did the North make money

Who had more RR and why

Gettysburg Address

• In November 1863, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address was another event by

which he shaped popular opinion in favor of preserving the Union. The

occasion was the dedication of a military cemetery at the Gettysburg

battlefield four months after 51,000 people were killed in the battle there.

Most of the ceremony was performed by famous orator Edward Everett,

who spoke for two hours, as was the manner at that time for an important

event.

Gettysburg Address

• Then Lincoln rose to speak, starting with his famous words “Four score and seven years ago.” He spoke for just two minutes in what is now considered one of the greatest speeches in the English language. His address helped raise the spirits of northerners who had grown weary of the war and dismayed by southern victories over the larger Union armies. He convinced the people that the United States was one indivisible nation.

Vicksburg• May-July 1863––Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant laid siege to

Vicksburg, Mississippi, because the army that controlled its high ground over a bend in the Mississippi River would control traffic on the whole river.

• After a seven-week siege, Grant achieved one of the Union’s major strategic goals: he gained control of the Mississippi River.

• Confederate troops and supplies in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas were cut off from the Confederacy.

• This Union victory, coupled with the Union victory at Gettysburg, was the turning point of the war.

Important Battles of the Civil War(SSUSH9d)

Vicksburg One of the last major

Confederate holdouts for control of the Mississippi river was Vicksburg.

The siege of Vicksburg lasted two months until on July 4th, 1863

—virtually starving to death and holed up in caves from the constant barrage of artillery from General Grant

—the Confederates surrendered.

Fort Sumter, South Carolina

• The South tested Lincoln’s vow to hold federal property

• Lincoln received a message from Fort Sumter that is was surrounded by Southern Troops, and they needed supplies (Food). No shots had been fired, but the Confederates demanded surrender

Fort Sumter, South Carolina• Lincoln informed

Governor Francis Pickens of South Carolina that he was sending in supplies, and that Union forces would not fire on any Southerners

• Confederate President Jefferson Davis made a historic decision. He ordered an attack on the Fort before supplies arrived.

WAR!•April 12, 1861 Confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, SC• April 13, 1861 Major Anderson surrendered the Fort to the confederate army• President Lincoln called for troops in order to engage the Confederate Army• The two armies met on July 21, 1861 at Manassas Junction, VA

• Unexpected bloody battle ensued• Northern army ran back to

Washington, D.C.• nearly 5,000 casualties in one day

September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland

Antietam

Turning the Tide• Gettysburg, PA (July 1863)

– Gen. Lee planned to invade the north– Great failure for Lee

• Sherman’s March– Plan to march through Georgia and cut-off

the rest of the south from its capital– Wave of Destruction

• Burning of Atlanta• Sherman Bowties

• Taking Richmond 1865– General Grant’s army surrounded

Richmond• Siege of Petersburg

– Burned the city

Gettysburg• April 1863 - At the same time as the

siege of Vicksburg was coming to a close, the 3 day battle of Gettysburg was fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

• This proved to be the most decisive battle of the Civil War and also the costliest.

• Casualties totaled 23,000 for the Union and 28,000 for the Confederacy.

• The most famous maneuver of the battle was a suicide charge ordered by Lee and under the command of General Pickett. “Pickett’s Charge” resulted in Confederate soldiers being slaughtered in an open field charge into heavy gun and artillery fire.

Battle of Atlanta

• Union forces pushed the Confederate Army back to Atlanta in September of 1864. They burned the majority of Atlanta to the ground and then General Sherman began a “March to the Sea” to Savannah.