slavery chapter 9. nat turner virginia, 1831 virginia, 1831 nat turner nat turner slave, preacher...

72
Slavery Slavery Chapter 9 Chapter 9

Upload: gisselle-kenderdine

Post on 15-Dec-2015

228 views

Category:

Documents


6 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

SlaverySlavery

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Page 2: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Nat TurnerNat Turner

Virginia, 1831Virginia, 1831 Nat TurnerNat Turner

Slave, preacherSlave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free Believed God had chosen him to free

slavesslaves Turner and followers killed 55 whitesTurner and followers killed 55 whites 100 blacks slaughtered in the effort to 100 blacks slaughtered in the effort to

capture Turnercapture Turner 1831 (December) – Jefferson’s grandson 1831 (December) – Jefferson’s grandson

presents plan for gradual emancipation in presents plan for gradual emancipation in Virginia General Assembly (Vote – 73 to Virginia General Assembly (Vote – 73 to 82)82)

Page 3: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture

Santo Domingo (Haiti)Santo Domingo (Haiti) L’OuvertureL’Ouverture

Brilliant, self-educatedBrilliant, self-educated Leads successful slave revoltLeads successful slave revolt 60,000 dead as a result60,000 dead as a result Americans FEAR a slave revolt… and Americans FEAR a slave revolt… and

slavery gets MORE BRUTALslavery gets MORE BRUTAL

Page 4: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Southern views on slaverySouthern views on slavery

1 in 4 own slaves1 in 4 own slaves 1 of 7 slave owners possesses more than 10 slavers1 of 7 slave owners possesses more than 10 slavers Most southerners are small farmers, but rich Most southerners are small farmers, but rich

plantation owners dominate politicsplantation owners dominate politics Sen. John C. Calhoun – “slavery is a positive good… Sen. John C. Calhoun – “slavery is a positive good…

the most safe and stable basis for free institutions the most safe and stable basis for free institutions in the world.”in the world.”

Albert Gallatin Brown – “slavery is a blessing for the Albert Gallatin Brown – “slavery is a blessing for the slave, and a blessing to the master.”slave, and a blessing to the master.”

By 1850 – 30,000 fugitive slaves in the North worth By 1850 – 30,000 fugitive slaves in the North worth about $15 million (Anthony Burns – captured in about $15 million (Anthony Burns – captured in 1854 in Boston and returned to slavery1854 in Boston and returned to slavery

Page 5: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

John Brown’s BodyJohn Brown’s Body

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Page 6: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

John BrownJohn Brown

1856 – Civil War in “Bloody” Kansas 1856 – Civil War in “Bloody” Kansas In may, John Brown and others murder 5 In may, John Brown and others murder 5

proslavery Kansansproslavery Kansans Believed he was acting for GodBelieved he was acting for God

1859 – Harper’s Ferry1859 – Harper’s Ferry John and 21 followers attempt to ignite a John and 21 followers attempt to ignite a

slave revoltslave revolt Captured and executed (see pages 57 Captured and executed (see pages 57

and 58)and 58)

Page 7: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free
Page 8: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Lincoln’s ProblemLincoln’s Problem

Chapter 11Chapter 11

Page 9: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

SecessionSecession

South Carolina – firstSouth Carolina – first Mississippi – one of richest states Mississippi – one of richest states

(Millionaires of Natchez)(Millionaires of Natchez) Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and

TexasTexas 7 quickly secede to start7 quickly secede to start Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and

Tennessee follow after Lincoln calls for Tennessee follow after Lincoln calls for volunteers to fightvolunteers to fight

Page 10: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Preparing for WARPreparing for WAR

Richmond (capital of South, industrial Richmond (capital of South, industrial center) – exciting place with all war center) – exciting place with all war preparations (dreamlike… only preparations (dreamlike… only thinking of the glory of war)thinking of the glory of war)

West Virginia secedes from VirginiaWest Virginia secedes from Virginia Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri,

Delaware – border, slave states that Delaware – border, slave states that stay with Unionstay with Union

Page 11: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Free Slaves or Not?Free Slaves or Not?

Abolitionists want Lincoln to free Abolitionists want Lincoln to free slavesslaves

Lincoln doesn’t want to anger border Lincoln doesn’t want to anger border statesstates

Lincoln says… freeing slaves, losing Lincoln says… freeing slaves, losing war, and destroying Union will help war, and destroying Union will help NO ONE (slaves or not)NO ONE (slaves or not)

Page 12: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

North AdvantagesNorth Advantages

More menMore men 23 states vs. 11 states23 states vs. 11 states 22 million vs. 9 million (population)22 million vs. 9 million (population) Almost 3 million soldiers to 1.5 millionAlmost 3 million soldiers to 1.5 million

More industryMore industry More railroadsMore railroads More foodMore food LINCOLNLINCOLN

Page 13: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Southern AdvantagesSouthern Advantages

Do not have to conquer anyoneDo not have to conquer anyone Can play defenseCan play defense Cause? – liberty from government, Cause? – liberty from government,

maintain way of “southern life”maintain way of “southern life” Skilled fightersSkilled fighters

Used to shooting and riding, outdoorsUsed to shooting and riding, outdoors Better military leadershipBetter military leadership

Page 14: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Fort SumterFort Sumter

April 1861April 1861 Lincoln wants to resupply fortLincoln wants to resupply fort Confederates take the fortConfederates take the fort

PGT Beauregard PGT Beauregard

Page 15: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

The Union GeneralsThe Union Generals

Chapter 12Chapter 12

Page 16: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Winfield ScottWinfield Scott

First General in chargeFirst General in charge Old, terrible shape… still sharpOld, terrible shape… still sharp

Knew it would take a few years to winKnew it would take a few years to win Old Fuss and FeathersOld Fuss and Feathers

Plan:Plan: Blockade southern portsBlockade southern ports Control Mississippi RiverControl Mississippi River Send armies from east and west to squeeze Send armies from east and west to squeeze

Confederacy (Anaconda Plan)Confederacy (Anaconda Plan)

Page 17: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

George B. McClellanGeorge B. McClellan

West Point West Point graduate, age 35 graduate, age 35

Excellent Excellent organizerorganizer Need to feed, Need to feed,

house, equip house, equip MANYMANY

PROBLEM – PROBLEM – hesitant to fighthesitant to fight

Page 18: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Lincoln tries more…Lincoln tries more…

FremontFremont BurnsideBurnside HalleckHalleck HookerHooker PopePope MeadeMeade Then….Then….

Page 19: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

West PointWest Point Mexican WarMexican War Inherited slave… ???Inherited slave… ??? GOOD at FIGHTINGGOOD at FIGHTING ““Unconditional Unconditional

Surrender”Surrender” WINNING in WESTWINNING in WEST Outkill and Outlast!Outkill and Outlast!

Page 20: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

The Confederate GeneralsThe Confederate Generals

Chapter 13Chapter 13

Page 21: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Southern GeneralsSouthern Generals

Soldiering tradition in SouthSoldiering tradition in South James LongstreetJames Longstreet

Old Pete or Old War HorseOld Pete or Old War Horse J.E.B. Stuart… “the eyes and ears”J.E.B. Stuart… “the eyes and ears”

One of most daring cavalry leadersOne of most daring cavalry leaders Gettysburg error ???Gettysburg error ???

George PicketGeorge Picket Friendly, well-likeFriendly, well-like ““Picket’s Charge” at GettysburgPicket’s Charge” at Gettysburg

Page 22: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Southern GeneralsSouthern Generals

Thomas J. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson“Stonewall” Jackson West Point, VMI West Point, VMI

instructorinstructor Strict, intelligent, Strict, intelligent,

daring, fearlessdaring, fearless A WINNER… even A WINNER… even

when he shouldn’twhen he shouldn’t Very religiousVery religious What happened to What happened to

him?him?

Page 23: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Southern GeneralsSouthern Generals

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee West PointWest Point Did not want Union to Did not want Union to

dissolvedissolve Had to fight for Had to fight for

VirginiaVirginia Born leader… Jackson Born leader… Jackson

would follow him would follow him “blindfolded”“blindfolded”

WINNER… risk taker, WINNER… risk taker, geniusgenius

Page 24: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

President Davis’s President Davis’s ProblemsProblems

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Page 25: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

The Problems…The Problems…

Not enough food, clothing (shoes), weapons, Not enough food, clothing (shoes), weapons, shipsships

Poor railroadsPoor railroads Surplus of cotton in EnglandSurplus of cotton in England

No need to interfere with Union blockadeNo need to interfere with Union blockade English opposed slaveryEnglish opposed slavery Confederate states acting independentlyConfederate states acting independently

Cannot get tax $ from themCannot get tax $ from them Davis couldn’t communicate like LincolnDavis couldn’t communicate like Lincoln

Page 26: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Choosing SidesChoosing Sides

Chapter 15Chapter 15

Page 27: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

War splits nation and War splits nation and familiesfamilies Clifton brothers – both die at Petersburg, Clifton brothers – both die at Petersburg,

fighting on opposite sidesfighting on opposite sides 4 of Lincoln’s brother-in-laws fight for 4 of Lincoln’s brother-in-laws fight for

Confederacy (3 died)Confederacy (3 died) Henry Clay’s grandsons… 3 for Union and 4 Henry Clay’s grandsons… 3 for Union and 4

for Confederacyfor Confederacy JEB Stuart… Chased by father-in-lawJEB Stuart… Chased by father-in-law ETC. ETC. WHY fight for the North? Why South?WHY fight for the North? Why South?

North – read box on 77, South – their wayNorth – read box on 77, South – their way

Page 28: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Did the war make a Did the war make a difference?difference? Yes… Yes…

Ended SlaveryEnded Slavery Preserved UnionPreserved Union U.S. committed to democracy through U.S. committed to democracy through

constitutional amendments that promoted constitutional amendments that promoted fairness (equal opportunity)fairness (equal opportunity)

HOWEVER… easier to change laws than to HOWEVER… easier to change laws than to change ideas and habitschange ideas and habits

Tyranny and persecution and bigotry are Tyranny and persecution and bigotry are forbidden by the Constitution (un-American!)forbidden by the Constitution (un-American!)

Page 29: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

The SoldiersThe Soldiers

Median age – 24Median age – 24 Many were 18 or 19Many were 18 or 19 Johnny Clem (11)Johnny Clem (11)

Confederate Colonel tried to take him Confederate Colonel tried to take him prisonerprisoner

He killed the Colonel and was made a sergeantHe killed the Colonel and was made a sergeant

Eventually, government had to pay cash Eventually, government had to pay cash rewards for volunteers… and both sides rewards for volunteers… and both sides had to drafthad to draft

Page 30: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Rich man’s war, poor man’s Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight…fight… Confederates that owned 20 or more Confederates that owned 20 or more

slaves did not have to serve (some fought slaves did not have to serve (some fought anyway)anyway)

Northerners could pay someone else to Northerners could pay someone else to fight if they could afford itfight if they could afford it

Many were farmers… small-town boys… Many were farmers… small-town boys… most were never far from homemost were never far from home

Most signed up for an exciting Most signed up for an exciting adventure… but what did they get???adventure… but what did they get???

Page 31: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

War is NOT fun…War is NOT fun…

Long marchesLong marches DiseaseDisease HomesicknessHomesickness Bad foodBad food Hunger Hunger Long, boring encampmentsLong, boring encampments For every man that died in battle, two For every man that died in battle, two

died of sicknessdied of sickness

Page 32: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

WeaponsWeapons

Sharps rifle – breech-loading, single-shotSharps rifle – breech-loading, single-shot Spencer seven-shot – best repeating rifleSpencer seven-shot – best repeating rifle Gatling – machine gun, 250 rounds per Gatling – machine gun, 250 rounds per

minuteminute MOST soldiers use muzzle loading rifleMOST soldiers use muzzle loading rifle New weapons are much better…. More New weapons are much better…. More

accurate, shoot farther… KILL betteraccurate, shoot farther… KILL better Fight with old-school tactics using new Fight with old-school tactics using new

weapons… MANY die as a resultweapons… MANY die as a result

Page 33: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

WeaponsWeapons

Hot air balloons… for spying Hot air balloons… for spying Submarine… it worked… but not wellSubmarine… it worked… but not well

This was the first “modern” war…This was the first “modern” war… No “by-the-rules” orderly skirmishNo “by-the-rules” orderly skirmish TOTAL WARTOTAL WAR

In the “old” days… attackers had In the “old” days… attackers had advantage… now… defenders are winningadvantage… now… defenders are winning

Page 34: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Willie and TadWillie and TadThe point?The point?

Chapter 17Chapter 17

Page 35: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

General McClellan’s General McClellan’s CampaignCampaign

Chapter 18Chapter 18

Page 36: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

McClellanMcClellan

Takes charge after Bull RunTakes charge after Bull Run Brings order and pride… DRILLSBrings order and pride… DRILLS Organized 100,000 menOrganized 100,000 men

2,500 supply wagons2,500 supply wagons 300 cannons300 cannons 25,000 animals25,000 animals 600 tons of supplies used each day!600 tons of supplies used each day!

Page 37: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

McClellanMcClellan

Wants to take Richmond (capital and Wants to take Richmond (capital and industrial center)industrial center) Attack by boat – Virginia Peninsula (see map on Attack by boat – Virginia Peninsula (see map on

91)91) MUD – difficult to move troops and suppliesMUD – difficult to move troops and supplies

Time for Confederates to prepareTime for Confederates to prepare Magruder – marching troops all over the place to Magruder – marching troops all over the place to

trick McClellan… it works… moves slowertrick McClellan… it works… moves slower Seven Days Battle is tough on both sidesSeven Days Battle is tough on both sides

Union retreats eventuallyUnion retreats eventually

Page 38: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

ChancellorsvilleChancellorsville

Stonewall is accidentally wounded by Stonewall is accidentally wounded by friendly firefriendly fire Lee says, “He has lost his left arm, but I Lee says, “He has lost his left arm, but I

have lost my right arm.”have lost my right arm.”

Page 39: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

War at SeaWar at Sea

Chapter 19Chapter 19

Page 40: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

BlockadeBlockade

Union wants to isolate the south… Union wants to isolate the south… only has 90 ships to do itonly has 90 ships to do it Confederates have no navyConfederates have no navy By time war ends, Union has 700 ships By time war ends, Union has 700 ships

in servicein service Confederates get English to build fast Confederates get English to build fast

cruisers that can outrun blockade and cruisers that can outrun blockade and attack Union merchant shipsattack Union merchant ships

Page 41: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Iron stronger than woodIron stronger than wood

Confederates raised the sunken Confederates raised the sunken MerrimackMerrimack and it becomes the and it becomes the VirginiaVirginia Big, slow, clumsy, and STRONGBig, slow, clumsy, and STRONG Creates FEAR in Washington… a super-shipCreates FEAR in Washington… a super-ship Monitor Monitor is built and ships meet at Hampton is built and ships meet at Hampton

RoadsRoads Neither ship can sink the other… war has Neither ship can sink the other… war has

changed at sea foreverchanged at sea forever

Page 42: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Admiral David FarragutAdmiral David Farragut

Takes Takes New OrleansNew Orleans with his fleet… with his fleet… passing two Confederate forts that passing two Confederate forts that did everything to stop him…did everything to stop him… See the BOX on page 97See the BOX on page 97

Page 43: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Emancipation Means Emancipation Means FreedomFreedom

Chapter 20Chapter 20

Page 44: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Antietam (Sharpsburg)… Antietam (Sharpsburg)… 9/17/629/17/62 Why should McClellan have been able Why should McClellan have been able

to crush Lee?to crush Lee? Bloodiest day of the war… 23,000 deadBloodiest day of the war… 23,000 dead What happened after the battle… or What happened after the battle… or

what didn’t happen?what didn’t happen? See page 99 – Lincoln’s visit to McClellanSee page 99 – Lincoln’s visit to McClellan

Clara Barton – the Angel of the Clara Barton – the Angel of the BattlefieldBattlefield

Page 45: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

Lincoln reads it in September of 1862Lincoln reads it in September of 1862 January 1, 1863, it becomes officialJanuary 1, 1863, it becomes official What is the impact of this?What is the impact of this? Douglas – “lift the war into the dignity Douglas – “lift the war into the dignity

of a war for progress and civilization”of a war for progress and civilization” Lincoln signs his full name… not just Lincoln signs his full name… not just

A. LincolnA. Lincoln

Page 46: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Determined SoldiersDetermined Soldiers

Chapter 21Chapter 21

Page 47: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

ContrabandsContrabands

Property seized by the enemyProperty seized by the enemy They want to FIGHT!They want to FIGHT! 5454thth Massachusetts Massachusetts

Led by Colonel Robert G. ShawLed by Colonel Robert G. Shaw Bayonet attack at Fort Wagner (Charleston Harbor)Bayonet attack at Fort Wagner (Charleston Harbor)

Half are wounded, captured or killedHalf are wounded, captured or killed Captured white officers that led blacks would have been Captured white officers that led blacks would have been

put to death as criminalsput to death as criminals Blacks would be sold into slaveryBlacks would be sold into slavery

180,000 black soldiers fight for the Union180,000 black soldiers fight for the Union

Page 48: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Marching SoldiersMarching Soldiers

Chapter 22Chapter 22

Page 49: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

HardtackHardtack

Armies CONSUME!!Armies CONSUME!! Wood… or furniture, books, whatever else Wood… or furniture, books, whatever else

to burnto burn Could take your home for their useCould take your home for their use Could take your vegetables and meat Could take your vegetables and meat

(animals from your farm)(animals from your farm) Live on flour, coffee, bacon, “hardtack”Live on flour, coffee, bacon, “hardtack”

Total War – make enemy civilians sufferTotal War – make enemy civilians suffer

Page 50: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

War in the SouthWar in the South Most of the fighting is in the South… VAMost of the fighting is in the South… VA

South is being destroyedSouth is being destroyed Peace movements in North… tired of warPeace movements in North… tired of war Lee wants a big win in the NORTH!!!Lee wants a big win in the NORTH!!!

Stopped at Antietam in September of 1862Stopped at Antietam in September of 1862 Confident after victories at Fredericksburg and Confident after victories at Fredericksburg and

Chancellorsville (early summer of 1863)Chancellorsville (early summer of 1863) Lee heads for Pennsylvania… George Meade Lee heads for Pennsylvania… George Meade

and Union army head after Confederatesand Union army head after Confederates

Page 51: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

GettysburgGettysburg

Day 1 (July 1, 1863)Day 1 (July 1, 1863) Fahnestock’s store… cleared out and goods Fahnestock’s store… cleared out and goods

shipped to Philadelphiashipped to Philadelphia Confederates after some shoes?Confederates after some shoes? General Buford holds off Confederates long General Buford holds off Confederates long

enough to then secure the best ground… enough to then secure the best ground… Cemetery RidgeCemetery Ridge

JEB Stuart – Confederate cavalry is off riding JEB Stuart – Confederate cavalry is off riding and NOT getting info to Lee and othersand NOT getting info to Lee and others

Page 52: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

GettysburgGettysburg

Day 2 (July 2, 1863Day 2 (July 2, 1863 Confederates are on Seminary Ridge, Confederates are on Seminary Ridge,

about 1 mile from Union troopsabout 1 mile from Union troops Confederates trying to flank the Union Confederates trying to flank the Union

lineslines Little Roundtop (Joshua Lawrence Little Roundtop (Joshua Lawrence

Chamberlain in charge of defending it… Chamberlain in charge of defending it… heroic effort)heroic effort)

Culp’s HillCulp’s Hill

Page 53: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

GettysburgGettysburg

Day 3 (July 3, 1863Day 3 (July 3, 1863 Confederates fire artillery at the center of the Confederates fire artillery at the center of the

Union lines for 2 hours, then charge at the Union lines for 2 hours, then charge at the centercenter

Major General George Pickett leads about Major General George Pickett leads about 15,000 troops across nearly a mile of open 15,000 troops across nearly a mile of open field to charge the Union army… get field to charge the Union army… get slaughtered!slaughtered!

Longstreet advised Lee against this, but Lee Longstreet advised Lee against this, but Lee wants to win so badly (he usually did too)wants to win so badly (he usually did too)

Page 54: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

GettysburgGettysburg

Day 3 (July 3, 1863Day 3 (July 3, 1863 Winfield Scott Hancock commands Winfield Scott Hancock commands

Yankees that wait for the charge behind Yankees that wait for the charge behind a low stone wall on Cemetery Ridgea low stone wall on Cemetery Ridge

Confederate General Lewis Armistead Confederate General Lewis Armistead leads heroic effort to push into Union leads heroic effort to push into Union line with several hundred Rebels… failsline with several hundred Rebels… fails

Page 55: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

GettysburgGettysburg

Turning point of the war! Lee did not get Turning point of the war! Lee did not get big win in the North that he wantedbig win in the North that he wanted

Confederates lose 28,000 menConfederates lose 28,000 men Union loses 23,000 menUnion loses 23,000 men Thousands of horses are deadThousands of horses are dead Confederates walk homeConfederates walk home Lincoln wants Meade to ATTACK, but he Lincoln wants Meade to ATTACK, but he

doesn’tdoesn’t

Page 56: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Lee the FoxLee the Fox

Chapter 24Chapter 24

Page 57: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Lee is brilliantLee is brilliant

Sends Rebel soldier into Union camp to Sends Rebel soldier into Union camp to “inform” them that Rebels are ready to “inform” them that Rebels are ready to fight again, and this makes Meade fight again, and this makes Meade hesitant to advance… Rebels get to VAhesitant to advance… Rebels get to VA

At same time as Gettysburg, Grant At same time as Gettysburg, Grant takes Vicksburg (Mississippi)… going takes Vicksburg (Mississippi)… going against the rules to winagainst the rules to win 48 days… of bombing… eventual 48 days… of bombing… eventual

starvationstarvation

Page 58: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Speeches at G-BurgSpeeches at G-Burg

Chapter 25Chapter 25

Page 59: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Gettysburg aftermathGettysburg aftermath

Citizens busy burying dead and treating Citizens busy burying dead and treating wounded (16,000)wounded (16,000)

November 19November 19 Edward Everett Edward Everett

President of Harvard, senator, secretary of President of Harvard, senator, secretary of state, and ambassador to Britainstate, and ambassador to Britain

Speaks for 2 hours!Speaks for 2 hours! LincolnLincoln

Speaks from the heart for 2 minutes (page 122)Speaks from the heart for 2 minutes (page 122)

Page 60: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

More Battles – will it ever More Battles – will it ever end?end?

Chapter 26Chapter 26

Page 61: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

GrantGrant

Grant now in charge of Union armiesGrant now in charge of Union armies Southern strategy is to wear North out, and Southern strategy is to wear North out, and

North wants to end this as quickly as North wants to end this as quickly as possiblepossible

Grant leads 120,000 to Richmond…Grant leads 120,000 to Richmond… Attacks and attacks and attacks (map 125)Attacks and attacks and attacks (map 125)

Battle of the Wilderness… horribleBattle of the Wilderness… horrible Grant wants to lay siege to PetersburgGrant wants to lay siege to Petersburg

Confederates “lose” themConfederates “lose” them Pontoon bridges across the James and Appomattox Pontoon bridges across the James and Appomattox

River… page 126River… page 126

Page 62: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

ShermanSherman

Marches from WestMarches from West From Tennessee, through Georgia (Atlanta From Tennessee, through Georgia (Atlanta

to Savannah), to the Carolinasto Savannah), to the Carolinas Squeezes South like an Anaconda!Squeezes South like an Anaconda! Total War… Sherman’s March to the Sea… Total War… Sherman’s March to the Sea…

40 mile wide path of destruction (Union 40 mile wide path of destruction (Union soldiers take frustrations out on the South)soldiers take frustrations out on the South)

Victory at Atlanta gets Lincoln reelected in Victory at Atlanta gets Lincoln reelected in 1864 (against McClellan)1864 (against McClellan)

Page 63: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

The Second InauguralThe Second Inaugural

Chapter 27Chapter 27

Page 64: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Lincoln’s SpeechLincoln’s Speech

Lincoln knows that South can’t hold Lincoln knows that South can’t hold out much longerout much longer

His speech aims at healing wounds… His speech aims at healing wounds… bridging the gap between North and bridging the gap between North and South… unifying people (page 132)South… unifying people (page 132)

Page 65: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Closing In on the EndClosing In on the End

Chapter 28Chapter 28

Page 66: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

LincolnLincoln

He is TIREDHe is TIRED Visits Grant at City Point aboard Visits Grant at City Point aboard River River

QueenQueen and stays for 2 weeks and stays for 2 weeks Yankees take Five Forks after a Yankees take Five Forks after a

counterattack while Pickett eats shadcounterattack while Pickett eats shad Confederates leave Richmond and burn itConfederates leave Richmond and burn it The capital of the South now belongs to The capital of the South now belongs to

the Union… and Lincoln walks inthe Union… and Lincoln walks in

Page 67: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Mr. McLean’s ParlorMr. McLean’s Parlor

Chapter 29Chapter 29

Page 68: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

Lee surrenders to GrantLee surrenders to Grant

Grant traps Lee and troops, and Lee Grant traps Lee and troops, and Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse

This is a MUST read Chapter!!!This is a MUST read Chapter!!!

Page 69: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

A Play at Ford’s TheatreA Play at Ford’s Theatre

Chapter 30Chapter 30

Page 70: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

April 14, 1865April 14, 1865

Our American Cousin at Ford’s Our American Cousin at Ford’s TheatreTheatre

John Wilkes Booth shoots LincolnJohn Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln Lincoln dies on April 15Lincoln dies on April 15

Page 71: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

After WordsAfter Words

Chapter 31Chapter 31

Page 72: Slavery Chapter 9. Nat Turner Virginia, 1831 Virginia, 1831 Nat Turner Nat Turner Slave, preacher Slave, preacher Believed God had chosen him to free

What now?What now?

This did nothing to help the South… This did nothing to help the South… Lincoln wanted the nation to healLincoln wanted the nation to heal

600,000 dead600,000 dead Slow process of Reconstruction Slow process of Reconstruction

beginsbegins Positives – Amendments 13,14, and Positives – Amendments 13,14, and

1515