slavery compromises missouri compromise, compromise of ... · compromise of 1850 the missouri...

20
Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Law, Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Upload: others

Post on 18-Jun-2020

14 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Slavery CompromisesMissouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Fugitive Slave Law,

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Page 2: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Name __________________________________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Social Studies Compromises over Slavery

Slavery Compromises Aim: How did Congress compromise over the issue of slavery?

DO NOW: Analyze the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow in complete sentences.

1) Who is the author of this document? What is the title of the book?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2) Who do you think Eliza is?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3) What do you think Eliza is doing?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

4) Who do you think Eliza’s “pursuer” is?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

5) Why do you think the author wrote the book this excerpt comes from?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Eliza made her desperate retreat across the river just in the dusk of twilight. The gray mist of evening, rising slowly from the river, enveloped her as she disappeared up the bank, and the swollen current and floundering masses of ice presented a hopeless barrier between her and her pursuer.

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 3: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Directions: Analyze the documents and answer the questions that follow in complete sentences. Listen to your teacher’s instructions carefully!

Missouri Compromise

In 1819, Missouri asked to become a state. Usually, the nation was very happy to add a new

state. However, Missouri wanted to join as a slave state. In 1819, there were an equal amount of

free and slave states. If Missouri joined, slave states would control the Senate and upset the

balance of power. With growing tensions over slavery and tariffs, Missouri’s admission into the

Union threatened to tear apart the nation.

To calm things down, Senator Henry Clay suggested the Missouri Compromise:

Missouri would enter the nation as a slave state.

Maine would enter the nation as a free state.

For the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase, all new states below the 36˚30’N latitude line

would be slave states and all states above would be free.

1

Free states

Free territories

Slave states

Slave territories

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 4: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Compromise of 1850

The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the

Mexican Cession in the U.S.-Mexico War, President Zachary Taylor urged California and New Mexico to apply

for statehood. California had strict anti-slave laws to stop slave labor in mines while New Mexico was

bound to be a slave state. Southerners were excited because they thought that much of the land could

become slave states.

Unfortunately for them, while California followed Taylor’s advice and applied for statehood, New Mexico

did not, and worse, wanted to become a free state. Adding California would once again throw the balance

of free and slave states out of whack.

At the same time, abolitionists were increasingly angry that slavery existed in Washington, D.C. For

example, a slave market opened very near the Capitol Building that housed Congress. Abolitionists thought

this was disgraceful and a terrible symbol to the world.

Southerners also had a problem: thanks to the Underground Railroad, many of their slaves were

running away. The slaves were called fugitives. Southerners wanted tougher laws to make northerners

help return fugitive slaves.

With no future slave state to balance out California, Southerners were extremely worried. Once the

abolitionists controlled Congress, how long would it be until they tried to ban slavery? As a result, Southern

states started to talk about seceding from the Union. If they could not have their slaves, they would no

longer be part of the United States.

Once again, Henry Clay came up with an idea to save the United States. With the support of Illinois

Senator Stephen Douglas, Clay passed the Compromise of 1850, which had three major parts:

California would enter the Union as a free state

The slave trade would be abolished in Washington, D.C.

A new, tougher, Fugitive Slave Law would be passed to help return runaway slaves to their rightful

owners

2

Free states

Slave states

Open to slavery by popular sovereignty

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Free states and territories

Page 5: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

In 1854, two new territories were preparing to enter the Union: Kansas and Nebraska.

However, because they were above the Missouri Compromise line, they would become free

states, and it seemed unlikely that the southern states would allow that. Senator

Stephen Douglas had an idea: let the people who lived there decide whether the states

would become free or slave. This idea is known as popular sovereignty, letting the people

decide. In 1854, Douglas got the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed through Congress. It

allowed popular sovereignty and repealed the Missouri Compromise.

Immediately, the nation was up in arms. People rushed into Kansas to vote either for

or against slavery. In 1855, a pro-slavery legislature was voted into office after

thousands of people from neighboring Missouri (called border ruffians because they moved

in gangs armed with guns) crossed into Kansas just to vote. Anti-slavery citizens of

Kansas refused to recognize the pro-slavery legislature as the real Kansas government so

they set up their own government. Nobody knew for sure which the real Kansas

government was. The only thing known for certain was that people were angry.

Violence would soon break out for Kansas.

Kansas-Nebraska Act 3

Free states and territories

Free states and territories

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Open to slavery by popular vote

Slave states and territories

Page 6: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Fugitive Slave Law 4

When the Compromise of 1850 was passed, President Millard Fillmore called the

Compromise a “final settlement” on the issue of slavery in the United States. Americans

would soon learn that President Fillmore was wrong. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 made

everyone help catch slaves. Anyone who did not help could be thrown in jail. Judges who

sent black Americans South would receive $10, while if the black Americans were freed,

the judge would only receive $5. As you can guess, many black Americans were being sent

South to be slaves, whether they actually were fugitive slaves or not.

Most Northerners did not really care about slavery. While many thought it was wrong,

they weren’t angry enough to do anything about it. With the Fugitive Slave Law, these

same people were forced to support slavery. This, they were very angry about. Mobs

broke out to free captured black Americans and attack slave hunters. Juries refused to

convict people accused of not helping catch fugitive slaves.

These actions greatly worried the South. The Compromise of 1850 was supposed to

make both sides happy, not angry. If the Northerners refused to follow the Fugitive Slave

Law, what would stop them from trying to stop slavery down South?

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 7: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

In 1852, two years after the failure of the Compromise of 1850 and its Fugitive

Slave Law, a woman from Ohio named Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s

Cabin, a novel about the horrors of slavery and the Fugitive Slave Law. The main

character was a kind, gentle slave named Uncle Tom. He was bought by a cruel,

brutal planter named Simon Legree. At the end of the book, Uncle Tom refused

Legree’s order to whip a slave. As a result, Legree whipped Tom to death.

The book was an immediate bestseller and created instant controversy.

Southerners were angry because they said the book did not give a true description

of slavery. Stowe had never been to the south and had no idea what slavery was

really like. On the other hand, Northerners read the book and became angry.

More and more people called upon Congress to ban slavery.

About ten years later, during the Civil War, Harriet Beecher Stowe met

President Abraham Lincoln. When he was introduced to her, Lincoln said, “So this

is the little lady who wrote the big book that started this great war.”

5

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 8: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Questions:

Document 1

1) Who created the Missouri Compromise?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2) What line separated free from slave states?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3) Why did free states like the Missouri Compromise?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

4) Why was Missouri’s statehood so controversial?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

5) Why did slave states like the Missouri Compromise? _____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

6) Do you think the Missouri Compromise will last? Why or why not?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 9: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Document 2

7) How did the Mexican Cession impact politics about slavery?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

8) Why were Southerners worried about California’s entry into the Union?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

9) Why were abolitionists worried about the slave trade in Washington, D.C.?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

10) Why did Southerners want a tougher fugitive slave law?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

11) Why were southern states willing to secede from the Union?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Place Stamp Here

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 10: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

12) Who created the Compromise of 1850?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

13) Why do you think the Compromise of 1850 could fail?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Document 3

14) Explain what happened in the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

15) What is popular sovereignty?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

16) How did border ruffians impact Kansas?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 11: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Document 4

17) What is a “fugitive”?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

18) What did the Fugitive Slave Law say?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

19) Why would a Northerner who maybe didn’t care about slavery start caring?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

20) Do you think the Fugitive Slave Law was fair? Why or why not?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

21) Why did the North and South each become angry?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 12: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Harriet Beecher Stowe circa 1852

Document 5

22) Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

23) How did the Northerners react to the novel?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

24) Why did Southerners dislike the book?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

25) How did Harriet Beecher Stowe present slavery in Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 13: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Missouri Compromise 1820-1821

Directions: Analyze the maps and photograph below and answer the questions in complete sentences.

1) What new free states entered the Union between 1820 and 1854? _____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2) What new slave states entered the Union between 1820 and 1854? _____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3) How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act change the amount of territory open to slavery? _____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

Compromise of 1850

Free and Slave States and Territorites, 1820-1854

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 14: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Applying what I learned Directions:

Analyze the photograph below. Based on the information given and your knowledge of Social Studies,

write a blurb in the quote boxes you think that Senator would have said.

Be creative!

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

This engraving dramatically portrays the Senate debate

over the Compromise of 1850.

Henry Clay led the Congress in creating compromises on several important

issues during his long career.

Daniel Webster from Massachusetts spoke eloquently in favor of the

compromise.

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina opposed the Compromise of 1850. He believed the South had no

reason to compromise on the issue of slavery.

Page 15: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Answer Key for Teachers (Note: Answers are up to the teacher’s discretion; these are suggested)

1) Who is the author of this document? What is the title of the book? Harriet Beecher Stowe – Uncle Tom’s Cabin

2) Who do you think Eliza is? Runaway slave

3) What do you think Eliza is doing? Running away

4) Who do you think Eliza’s “pursuer” is? Slave owner

5) Why do you think the author wrote the book this excerpt comes from? To expose the harsh reality of slavery

Document 1 1) Who created the Missouri Compromise?

Henry Clay 2) What line separated free from slave states?

36˚30’ N latitude line 3) Why did free states like the Missouri Compromise?

Kept the balance of power in the Senate 4) Why was Missouri’s statehood so controversial?

If Missouri joined, slave states would control the Senate and upset the balance of power 5) Why did slave states like the Missouri Compromise?

Missouri would enter as a slave state, giving them another seat in Congress 6) Do you think the Missouri Compromise will last? Why or why not?

No – more states will want to be added to the Union; student answers will vary Document 2

7) How did the Mexican Cession impact politics about slavery? Differing opinions on whether to allow California and New Mexico to enter the Union as free or slave states

8) Why were Southerners worried about California’s entry into the Union? Adding California would throw the balance of free and slave states out of whack; California wanted to become a free

state. 9) Why were abolitionists worried about the slave trade in Washington, D.C.?

Slave markets were opening very close to the Capitol; abolitionists thought that this was a disgrace and a terrible symbol to show the world

10) Why did Southerners want a tougher fugitive slave law? To help return fugitive slaves

11) Why were southern states willing to secede from the Union? If they could not have their slaves and preserve their way of life, they would no longer be a part of the US

12) Who created the Compromise of 1850? Henry Clay

13) Why do you think the Compromise of 1850 could fail? Neither the North nor the South would be happy forever; more states would want to be added to the Union

Document 3

14) Explain what happened in the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Kansas and Nebraska wanted to enter Union; because above Missouri Compromise line, they would become free states.

Stephen Douglas suggested letting the states decide by popular sovereignty, repealing the Missouri Compromise. 15) What is popular sovereignty?

Letting the people decide 16) How did border ruffians impact Kansas?

Groups to created gangs armed with guns to crossed into other states just to vote

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 16: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Map analysis

1) What new free states entered the Union between 1820 and 1854? CA, MI, WI, IA

2) What new slave states entered the Union between 1820 and 1854? MN territory, OH territory, UT territory, NM territory, WA territory, Nebraska territory, Kansas territory

3) How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act change the amount of territory open to slavery? Allowed the people to decide thus accepting Nebraska and Kansas as slave states

Document 4 17) Who is a “fugitive”?

A runaway 18) What did the Fugitive Slave Law say?

Made everyone help to catch slave and send them back to their “owners” 19) Why would a Northerner who maybe didn’t care about slavery start caring? They were forced to support the law; some returned slaves because they would be monetarily rewarded 20) Do you think the Fugitive Slave Law was fair? Why or why not?

Student answers vary 21) Why did the North and South each become angry?

Document 5 22) Why did Harriet Beecher Stowe write Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

To expose the horrors above slavery and the Fugitive Slave Law 23) How did the Northerners react to the novel? Northerners read the book and became angry; more and more people called for Congress to ban slavery 24) Why did Southerners dislike the book?

They believed the book did not give a true depiction of slavery 25) How did Harriet Beecher Stowe present slavery in Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

Violent and abusive to enslaved human beings

© 2015 A Social Studies Life

Page 18: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

© 2012-2017 A Social Studies Life

*Purchasing this product entitles you to one non-transferable single-user license. You may use this product for personal use. However, by purchasing,

you agree to the following terms:

• Any product that you distribute must provide credit back to A Social Studies Life.

• You may not alter, resell, share, or distribute this product without the proper purchase of license(s).

• You may not use the graphics within the product to create any materials for others to resell. Some graphics have been purchased for creation by

other TpT sellers and they have been given credit.• This product is intended for personal use only. If you intend to copy and

distribute this product to others, extra license(s) must be purchased.• Purchasing does not mean you own the product and you may not claim it

as your own. Lauren Webb – A Social Studies Life retains the copyright of the product.

• Copying any part of this product and placing it on the internet in any form (including classroom/personal websites, blogs, network drives or file

sharing websites) is strictly forbidden and is in violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). These items can be picked up in a

Google search & then shared worldwide for free.

These terms are subject to change without notice. Please contact me if you have any questions about proper use or further licensing options. Due to the

digital nature of this product, no returns or refunds are available.

Thank you for respecting my work!

Page 20: Slavery Compromises Missouri Compromise, Compromise of ... · Compromise of 1850 The Missouri Compromise held the Union together until 1850. Two years after the nation won the Mexican

Check out these awesome resources for SCIENCE, MATH & ELA! Each includes a link to SPECIAL FREEBIES!

Can’t use them in your own classroom? Just cut them out and share them with your colleagues!sc

ienc

eWith over 200 engaging science activities for the middle grades, Science Teaching Junkie, Inc. has

the go-to products for your classroom. Make teaching and learning science fun!

Grab Your 10 FREE Interactive science notebook samples Here: http://bit.ly/SciTchngJunkieISN

math

Maneuvering the Middle provides student-centered math lessons and activities for the whole year! Save your time and energy for teaching.

Grab Your 10 free math warm ups Here: http://bit.ly/10MathWarmUps

ela

You’ll find over 150 super engaging, Common-Core aligned and absolutely turn-key resources for your English Language Arts classroom at Brain Waves Instruction!

Grab 30 PAGES Of FREE ELA RESOURCES Here: http://bit.ly/ELA-Sampler