sleep disorders pysch

Sleep Disorders

Types & Treatments

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•Primary Sleep Disorders: -Dyssomnias - Insomnia - Narcolepsy - Breathing-Related Sleeping Disorders - Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders -Parasomnias - Nightmares - Night Terrors - Sleepwalking

- Sleep Paralysis

Sleep Disorders• Sleep depriv

ation

takes it’s greatest toll

on cognitive abilities.

• Studies have shown

that with enough sleep

deprivation the

animals will become

sick and eventually

die.

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•Difficulty falling asleep & staying asleep.

•Not due to direct effects of substance use or general medical condition.

•About 60 million Americans have chronic insomnia.

•Affects 40% of women and 30 % of men.

•Acute or Chronic•Treatment: medication or

behavior modification.

Insomnia

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Chronic Causes of Insomnia

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•Medications


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•Medications

•Drug or alcohol use


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•Medications


•Psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety)


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•Medications



•Medical disorders


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•Medications




•Sleep apnea


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•Medications




•Sleep apnea

•Restless leg syndrome


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•Medications




•Sleep apnea

•Restless leg syndrome

•Poor sleep hygiene


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Insomnia Treatment

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Insomnia TreatmentLifestyle changes often can help relieve acute (short-term) insomnia. These changes might make it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep.

A type of counseling called cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help relieve the anxiety linked to chronic (ongoing) insomnia. Anxiety tends to prolong insomnia.

Several medicines also can help relieve insomnia and re-establish a regular sleep schedule.

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Repeated stoppage in breathing during sleep Caused by lack of breathing drive (central) or by blockage (obstructive)

Signs/Symptoms: Snoring, headaches, fatigue, poor sleep, chronic congestion, irritability, obesity, sexual dysfunction

Sleep Apnea

Treatment: Continual Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), Lifestyle Changes, and Surgery.

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Medications• Albuterol

• Attention Deficit Disorder Meds (e.g. Ritalin)

• Decongestants (Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine)

• Caffeine

• “Diet pills"

• Nicotine

• Thyroid medications

• Corticosteroids

• SSRIs (antidepressants)

• Phenytoin (seizure medication)

• Chemotherapy (cancer medications)

• Beta-blockers (high blood pressure meds)

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Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

•Persistent pattern of sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia due to mismatch between sleep-wake schedule.

•Obvious distress/impairment in social and occupational settings.

Delayed Sleep Phase Type An unnatural sleeping pattern created by falling asleep late and waking up late which eventually establishes an inability to fall asleep and awaken at a desired earlier time.

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•Narcolepsy (NAR-ko-lep-se) is a disorder that causes periods of extreme daytime sleepiness due to trouble sleeping at night and is sometimes accompanied by paralysis and hallucinations

•Hallucinations: Vivid, life-like dreams that occur while falling asleep or waking up.

•Sleep paralysis: This condition prevents you from moving or speaking while waking up and sometimes while falling asleep. Last from a few seconds to a few minutes.

Narcolepsy

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Who Is At Risk for Narcolepsy?

Narcolepsy affects men and

women. Symptoms usually begin

during the teen or young adult

years. The disorder also can

develop later in life or in children,

but it's rare before age 5.

Narcolepsy Causes

Possible factors include:•Heredity. Some people may inherit a gene that affects hypocretin. Up to 10% of people who have narcolepsy report having a relative with the same symptoms.•Infections•Brain injuries caused by brain tumors, strokes, or trauma.•Autoimmune disorders•Low levels of histamine, a substance in the blood that promotes wakefulness.

Hypocretin (hi-po-KREET-in), a chemical in the brain that helps promote wakefulness. Most people who have narcolepsy have low levels of this chemical. What causes these low levels is unknown.


Cataplexy (KAT-ah-plek-se) This condition causes a sudden loss of muscle tone while you're awake. Muscle weakness can affect certain parts of your body or your whole body. For example, if cataplexy affects your hand, you may drop what you're holding. It may last seconds or minutes.

Narcoleptic Cataplexy


Sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Sleepwalking is a disorder that occurs when people walk or do another activity while they are still asleep.

•Sleepwalking most often occurs during deep, non-REM sleep, early in the night.

•Sleepwalking happens most often in children ages 5 - 12.

•The episode can last from a few seconds to over 30 minutes.

Symptoms of sleepwalking include:

•Confusion/disorientation when woken up.

•A blank look on their face.

•Opening their eyes while still asleep.

•No memory of the episode.

•Performing a detailed activity of any type while still asleep.


•In the early stages of sleep.

•A person suddenly wakes up and is aware of their surroundings, but cannot move.

•Treated with

antidepressants and SSRI’s

Sleep Paralysis


Night TerrorsNight terrors (sleep terrors) are a sleep disorder in which a person quickly wakes from sleep in a terrified state.

•The cause is unknown, but night terrors may be triggered by:

•Fever•Lack of sleep•Periods of emotional tension,

stress, or conflict.•Frightening movies or

TV shows.

•Most common in children ages 3 - 7 between midnight and 2 a.m.

•A person may remember the details of the dream and will not be disoriented after the episode.

•Treatment: Reducing stress may reduce night terrors.


Nightmares

Young Adults3%

Adults47%

3-5 Year Olds50%

Prevalence by Age Group

• Extremely frightening dreams that occur in REM sleep.

• Less intense then sleep terrors.

• Person rapidly becomes aware and alert almost immediately after waking up.


Restless Leg SyndromeNeurological disorder that is characterized by unpleasant sensations of legs and an urge to move them when at the rest.•The unpleasant feelings are described as creeping, crawling, pulling, itching,

tingling, burning, aching, or electric shocks.

•The urges to move happen when the body is at rest and inactive. Thus, being worse in the evening which can cause chronic sleep disturbances and sleep deprivation.

•Causes: Mostly unknown (idiopathic)

•Treatment: underlying cause, some meds, and exercise.


Sleep Hygiene


✓ Try to limit caffeine intake.

Sleep Hygiene



✓ Have a light snack before bedtime. (no big meals before bedtime)

Sleep Hygiene




✓ Set your bedroom for a comfortable temperature.

Sleep Hygiene





✓ Minimize light exposure.

Sleep Hygiene





✓ Minimize light exposure.

✓ Try to follow a regular and consistent sleep schedule.

Sleep Hygiene


Sources


sleep disorders pysch

Health & Medicine

chronic insomnia

chronic ongoing insomnia

psychiatric disorders

sleep paralysismonday

dyssomnias insomnia

insomnia difculty

insomnia treatmentmonday

chronic treatment