slide 1 systems analysis and design with uml version 2.0, second edition alan dennis, barbara wixom,...

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Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 2005

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Page 1: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 1

Systems Analysis and Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition2.0, Second Edition

Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and DavidTegarden

Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Copyright 2005

Page 2: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 2

Copyright © 2005John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for redistribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.

Page 3: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 3

Objectives■ Understand the rules and style guidelines

for activity diagrams.■ Understand the rules and style guidelines

for use cases and use case diagrams.■ Understand the process used to create use

cases and use case diagrams.■ Be able to create functional models using

activity diagrams, use cases, and usecase diagrams.■ Become familiar with the use of use case

points.

Page 4: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 4

Business Process Modeling with Activity Diagrams

Elements of an Activity DiagramGuidelines for Creating Activity Diagrams

Page 5: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 5

BPM With Activity Diagrams

A number of activities support a business process across several departmentsActivity diagrams model the behavior in a business process

Sophisticated data flow diagramsAddresses Parallel concurrent activities and complex processes

Page 6: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 6

Activity Diagram Example

Page 7: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 7

Creating Activity Diagrams1. Since an activity diagram can be used to model

any kind of process, you shouldset the context or scope of the activity being

modeled. Once you have determinedthe scope, you should give the diagram an

appropriate title.2. You must identify the activities, control flows,

and object flows that occurbetween the activities.3. You should identify any decisions that are part

of the process being modeled.4. You should attempt to identify any prospects for

parallelism in the process.5. You should draw the activity diagram.

Page 8: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 8

USE-CASE DESCRIPTIONS

Page 9: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 9

Key Ideas

A use case illustrates the activities that are performed by users of a system.Use cases are logical models -- they describe the activities of a system without specifying how the activities are implemented.

Page 10: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 10

What are Use-Case Descriptions?

Describe basic functions of the system

What the user can doHow the system responds

Use cases are building blocks for continued design activities.

Page 11: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

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How Are Use-Cases Created?

Two steps:Write text-based case descriptionsTranslate descriptions into diagrams

Describes one and only one function, but may have multiple paths.Developed working with users for content.

Page 12: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 12

Types of Use-Cases

Overview versus detail■ The use case represents an important

business process.■ The use case supports revenue

generation or cost reduction.■ Technology needed to support the use

case is new or risky and therefore will require considerable research.

Essential versus real

Page 13: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 13

Elements of a Use-Case Description

Use Case Name: ID: Importance Level:

Primary Actor: Use Case Type:

Stakeholders and Interests:

Brief Description:

Trigger:

Relationships: (Association, Include, Extend, Generalization)

Normal Flow of Events:

Subflows:

Alternate/Exceptional Flows:

Page 14: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 14

Guidelines for Creating Use-Case Descriptions

Write each step in “SVDPI” formClarify initiator and receivers of actionWrite from independent observer perspectiveWrite at same level of abstractionEnsure a sensible set of stepsApply KISS principle liberallyWrite repeating instructions after the set of steps to be repeated.

Page 15: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 15

Your Turn

How would you make requirements gathering (interviews, questionnaires, observation, and document analysis) more effective by knowing that eventually you will be creating use-case descriptions and diagrams?

Page 16: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 16

USE-CASE DIAGRAMS

Page 17: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 17

Syntax for Use-Case Diagram

Page 18: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 18

The Use-Case Diagram for Appointment System

Page 19: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 19

Use-Case Diagram with Specialized Actor

Page 20: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 20

Extend and Include Relationships

Page 21: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 21

CREATING USE-CASE DESCRIPTIONS AND USE-CASE DIAGRAMS

Page 22: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 22

Major Steps in Writing Use-Cases

Case DiagramsIdentify the major use-casesExpand the major use-caseConfirm the major use-casesCreate the use-case diagram

Page 23: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 23

Identifying the Major Use-Cases

Identify the system’s boundariesList the primary actorsList the goals of each primary actorIdentify and write the major use-casesCarefully review use-cases

Page 24: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 24

Writing Effective Use-Case Descriptions

Page 25: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 25

Expand the Major Use-Cases

Choose one major use-case to expandFill in details on the use-case templateFill in the steps of the normal flow of eventsNormalize the size of each stepDescribe alternate or exceptional flowsSimplify and organize as necessary

Page 26: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 26

Confirm the Major Use Cases

Review the current setConsider semantics and syntaxHelpful to involve the users

Iterate the entire set of steps until all use cases are defined

Page 27: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 27

Create the Use-Case Diagram

Start with system boundaryPlace elements in order to be easy to readPlace actors on the diagramConclude by connecting actors to use cases by lines

Page 28: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 28

Selecting the Appropriate Techniques

Interviews JAD Questionnaires Document Observation Analysis

Type of As-Is As-Is As-Is As-Is As-IsInformation Improve. Improve. Improve. To-Be To-Be

Depth of High High Medium Low LowInformation

Breadth of Low Medium High High LowInformation

Integration Low High Low Low Lowof Info.

User Medium High Low Low LowInvolvement

Cost Medium Low- Low Low Low- Medium Medium

Page 29: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 29

Refining Project Size with Case Points

Create essential use cases and use case diagramDetermine Unadjusted Actor Weighting TableObtain Unadjusted Use Case Weight TotalCompute value of Unadjusted Use Case Points

Page 30: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

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Identify the major use-casesExpand the major use-caseConfirm the major use-casesCreate the use-case diagram

Page 31: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 31

Your Turn

Create a set of use cases for campus housing. Consider the steps in registering for campus housing, in being assigned to a particular unit, to being matched with roommates, to moving in.

Page 32: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

Slide 32

Expanding the Domain

Additional resources regarding use-cases and many other object-oriented development topics can be found at:http://www.omg.org

Page 33: Slide 1 Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0, Second Edition Alan Dennis, Barbara Wixom, and David Tegarden Chapter 6: Functional Modeling

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Summary

Use-case descriptions are the basis for further analysis and design. They are created based on 7 guidelines and 13 steps.Use-case diagrams present a graphical overview of the main functionality of a system.