slides 3c carbonate rocks 2010

1 Robert Gordon University 1

Lecture 3c: Dynamic Earth: Carbonate Sedimentary

RocksSedimentary rocks = reservoir rocks,

seals and source rocks

ENM200: Dynamic EarthDr Bryan T Cronin ([email protected])


Introduction to environment section:Depositional Environments and a simplified classification

3 Robert Gordon University3

Major Controls on Carbonates

Bathymetry Sunlight, temperature & sea floor slope Eustatic sea level Function of climate & tectonics Turbulence of water Oxygen, CO2 & Clarity Ocean circulation Dissolution or precipitation Nutrients Clastic influx & ocean circulation Climate belt Tropical, temperate or polar World atmosphere Aragonite or calcite ocean Tectonic setting Ocean width & plate position Biologic community Beat of time (evolving party)


TROPICS

TEMPERATE OCEANS

Low Cla

stic inp

ut

Low

Cla

stic

inpu

t

Low

Cla

stic

inpu

t

Low Clastic input

5 Robert Gordon University5 GEOL 325 Lecture 13:

Carbonates & Evaporites

Initial Initial BreakupBreakupSalt Filled Salt Filled BasinBasinNow Now Carbonate Carbonate RimmedRimmed

Mix of high Mix of high salinity to salinity to fresh water, fresh water, organic rich organic rich with with evaporiteevaporite&&carbonatecarbonate

Extensional Tectonic ModelExtensional Tectonic ModelExtensional Tectonic Model



Initial Carbonate Margin Initi

al C

arbo

nate

Mar

gin

Clas

tic M

argi

n Fin

alClastic Margin Final




Evapor

ites Fol

lowed

Evapor

ites Fol

lowed

By Carb

onate F

ill

By Carb

onate F

ill

Termin

ate wit

h Clas

tics

Termin

ate wit

h Clas

tics



Generalised geological section from eastern Brazil basins

1. RIFT

2. FLOOD

3. PROGRADING SLOPE

9 Robert Gordon University

GEOL 325 Lecture 13: Carbonates & Evaporites

Compressional Tectonic Model

Compressional Compressional Tectonic Tectonic ModelModel


Cross-section of the Arabian Gulf (west-east) showing the dominance of carbonate lithologies through the Mesozoic section.



RESTRICTED OPEN MARINE

SLOPESHELF

MARGIN

BASIN


BasinRamp

RestrictedShelf

OpenShelf



Basin

Rim

RestrictedShelf

OpenShelf



Great Barrier Reef of Australia



Heron Island Reef Platform



Heron Island Reef



Heron Island Reef

KendallPhoto



ReefMargin

Form linear Form linear bodies parallel bodies parallel to basin to basin

Massive with Massive with diverse faunal diverse faunal community at community at crestcrest

Porous and Porous and cementedcemented


Scholle, 1999; after Babcock



Great Barrier Reef



Heron Island Reef - Australia



Wistari Reef Great Barrier Reefs

Kendall PhotoKendall Photo



Atoll in Pacific



Eniwetok Marshal Islands



Bora Bora French Polynesia


C. G. St. C. Kendall

CarbonatePorosity

-After

Choquette&

Pray

CarbonatePorosity

-After

Choquette&

Pray


Differences between Clastics & Carbonates

35 Robert Gordon University35 Pre 1996 .... Now 50/50

Lecture 3c: Dynamic Earth: Carbonate Sedimentary RocksGreat Barrier Reef of Australia Heron Island Reef PlatformHeron Island ReefHeron Island ReefReefMarginGreat Barrier ReefHeron Island Reef - AustraliaWistari Reef Great Barrier ReefsAtoll in PacificEniwetok Marshal IslandsBora Bora French PolynesiaDifferences between Clastics & Carbonates

slides 3c carbonate rocks 2010

Documents

carbonates evaporitesreefma

carbonates bathymetry

fresh water

environment section

mesozoic section

organic rich organic

reservoir rocks

dynamic earthdr bryan