slides topic 4 - ryerson university · 2006. 3. 30. · 2 3 • operation modes for ac motors 1....
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EE8412Advanced AC Drive Systems
Topic 4Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
ACS1000 MV Drive Source: ABB
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Lecture Topics• Steady-state Operation Modes
• Two-level VSI Fed MV Drives
• Neutral-point Clamped (NPC) Inverter Fed Drives
• Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) Inverter Fed Drives
EE8412 Advanced AC Drive Systems
Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Operation Modes for ac motors
1. Constant Flux Operation: V / f = constant
2. Constant Power Operation: V = constant, f = variable
3. Voltage Compensation at low rotor speeds
V – stator voltage, f – stator frequency
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Steady-state Operation ModesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Constant Flux Operation
- If Φ > Φ rated , magnetic core will be saturated.
- If Φ < Φ rated , rated torque cannot be achieved.
Φ – motor magnetic flux (general term)
Toque = flux x current (general term)
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Steady-state Operation ModesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Constant Flux Operation
Induced emf in a magnetic circuit:E = 4.44 Φ N fwhere N – number of turns of the coil
Φ = E / ( 4.44 N f ) Φ = const → E / f = const → V / f = const
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Steady-state Operation ModesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Constant Flux Operation
eTRatedeT MaxeT
TeMax = constant
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Steady-state Operation ModesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Constant Power Operation
When f > frated → rotor speed n > nrated , but V should be kept const to avoid insulation breakdown
Since Φ = E / ( 4.44 N f )V = const and f ↑ → Φ ↓
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Steady-state Operation ModesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Constant Power Operation
eTRatedeT MaxeT
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Steady-state Operation ModesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Voltage Compensation at Low Rotor Speeds
To compensate the voltage drop on the stator resistors at low rotor speeds
Ratedf
RatedV
compV
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Steady-state Operation ModesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Two-level Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
VDM5000 Two-level VSI Source: Alstom
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• System Block Diagram
fC
fL
dC
⎪⎭
⎪⎬⎫
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Two-level Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Main Functional Blocks1) Rectifier circuit- Phase shifting transformer- 12 pulse diode rectifier for line current THD reduction
2) DC circuit- Dynamic braking circuit- Capacitor Filter
3) Inverter circuit - PCBB: power converter building block- Series devices for high voltage operation
4) Motor side filter- dv/dt reduction- THD reduction- Common mode voltage elimination
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Two-level Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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• Inverter Topology PCBB
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Two-level Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
Source: Alstom
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• PCBB – Power Converter Building Block
sRpR
sC
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Two-level Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
NPC Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
VDM6000 Multilevel NPC Inverter Source: Alstom
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
NPC Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
dCsC
sC
sD
sDsR
sL
dC
sL
sR
fC
fL
• Drive System Diagram
Switching devices: IGCTs
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
NPC Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• Main Functional Blocks1) Rectifier circuit- Phase shifting transformer- 12 pulse diode rectifier for line current THD reduction
2) DC circuit - Capacitor Filter- di/dt clamping circuit
3) Inverter circuit- Three-level NPC inverter
4) Motor side filter- dv/dt reduction- THD reduction- Common mode voltage elimination
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
NPC Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• Drive System Specifications
NoRegenerative braking capability
> 6 yearsMean time between failure (MTBF)
Forced air or liquidCooling
Standard: 10% for one minute every 10 minutesOptional: 150% for one minute every 10 minutes
Overload capability
Induction or synchronousMotor type
Sinusoidal (with output filter)Output waveform
> 0.95 ( Displacement power factor > 0.97)Input power factor
Typically > 98.0% (including output filter losses but excluding transformer losses)Drive system efficiency
0 ~ 66Hz (up to 200Hz optional)Output frequency
0 ~ 2300V, 0 ~ 3300V, 0 ~ 4160V Output voltage rating
400 ~ 6700HP (0.3 ~ 5 MW) Output power rating
2300V, 3300V, 4160V Nominal input voltage
Drive system Specifications
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
NPC Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• Drive System Specifications (Continued)
Non-rupture, non-arcInverter/rectifier switch failure mode
Hysteresis modulation generated by DTC schemeModulation technique
2Number of clamping diodes per phase
4Number of GCTs per phase
500HzGCT switching frequency
PWM, three-level NPC inverterInverter type
Standard: 12-pulse diode rectifier Optional: 24-pulse diode rectifier Rectifier type
Power Converter
Specifications
<10msTorque response time
< 0.5% without encoder< 0.01% with encoderSteady state speed error
< 0.4% without encoder< 0.1% with encoderDynamic speed error
Direct torque control (DTC)Control scheme
Control Specificatio
ns
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
NPC Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• IGBT Based NPC Inverter Drives
fC
fLdC
dC
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
NPC Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• System Specifications – IGBT based drives
Typically > 98.5% (at rated operating point, excluding transformer losses)
Drive system efficiency
1:1000 (with encoder)Motor speed range
0 ~100Hz (standard)Output frequency
0 ~ 2300V, 0 ~ 3300V, 0 ~ 4160V, 0 ~ 6600V Output voltage range
0.8 ~ 2.4MW @2300V1.0 ~ 3.1MW @3300V1.3 ~ 4.0MW @4160V4.7 ~ 7.2MW @4160V (Parallel converter configuration) 0.6 ~ 2.0MW @6600V
Output power rating
2300V, 3300V, 4160V, 6600V Nominal utility/motor voltage
> 0.96 (12-pulse diode rectifier)Displacement power factor
Standard: 12-pulse diode rectifierOptional: 24-pulse diode rectifier
or active front end (PWM IGBT rectifier)Rectifier
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Cascaded H-bridge Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
Perfect Harmony MV Drive Source: ASI Robicon
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Cascaded H-bridge Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• Block Diagram
°−= 20δ
°= 0δ
°+= 20δ
dC
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Cascaded H-bridge Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• Main Functional Blocks
1) Rectifier circuit- Phase shifting transformer- Multipulse diode rectifier for THD reduction
2) Modular structure- Power Modules
3) Line- and motor-side filters- No
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Cascaded H-bridge Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• Line-side Waveforms
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
Source: ASI Robicon
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Cascaded H-bridge Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• Drive Configurations
6000Hz600Hz480V1160154515304160V
4800Hz600Hz480V948123612243300V
3600Hz600Hz480V7369279182300V
Inverter
fsw
Device
fsw
NominalPower Cell
Output
Voltage Levels
IGBTs
Power
Cells
Transformer
SecondaryCables
Secondary
Windings
Rectifier Pulses
NominalUtility/Motor
Voltage
Multilevel CHB InverterMultipulse Diode Rectifier
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
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Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives
Cascaded H-bridge Inverter Fed DrivesEE8412
• 6600V CHB Fed Drive
UtilitySupply
PowerCell
MPhase ShiftingTransformer
N
A B C
Dual 3300V Drive
Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
28Textbook: Bin Wu, ‘High-Power Converters and AC Drives’, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2006, ISBN: 0-471-73171-4
EE8412 Advanced AC Drive Systems
Topic 4 Voltage Source Inverter Fed Drives