small entity compliance guide for the hexavalent chromium

Small Entity Compliance Guide forthe Hexavalent Chromium Standards

www.osha.gov

OSHA 3320-10N 2006

Employers are responsible for providing a safe andhealthful workplace for their employees. OSHA’srole is to assure the safety and health of America’semployees by setting and enforcing standards; pro-viding training, outreach and education; establishingpartnerships; and encouraging continual improve-ment in workplace safety and health.

This handbook provides a general overview of a par-ticular topic related to OSHA standards. It does notalter or determine compliance responsibilities inOSHA standards or the Occupational Safety andHealth Act of 1970. Because interpretations and en-forcement policy may change over time, you shouldconsult current OSHA administrative interpretationsand decisions by the Occupational Safety and HealthReview Commission and the Courts for additionalguidance on OSHA compliance requirements.

This publication is in the public domain and may bereproduced, fully or partially, without permission.Source credit is requested but not required.

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Small Entity Compliance Guidefor the

Hexavalent Chromium Standards

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

U.S. Department of Labor

OSHA 3320-10N

2006

Introduction 3

Scope 4

Definitions 5

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 6

Exposure Determination 7

Regulated Areas 9

Methods of Compliance 9

Respiratory Protection 11

Protective Work Clothing and Equipment 11

Hygiene Areas and Practices 13

Housekeeping 14

Medical Surveillance 15

Communication of Cr(VI) Hazards to Employees 16

Recordkeeping 17

Dates 18

OSHA Assistance 19

Appendix I: OSHA Cr(VI) Standards 22

Appendix II: Industry Operations or Processes Associated with Occupational Exposure to Cr(VI) 40

Appendix III: A. OSHA Area Offices 47

B. OSHA Regional Offices 52

C. States with Approved OccupationalSafety and Health Plans 53

D. OSHA Consultation Project Directory 55

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Cover photo: An employee welds a stainless steel

flange using a tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding

process (courtesy Bath Iron Works).

Contents

This guide is intended to help small businesses com-ply with the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration’s (OSHA) Hexavalent Chromium(Cr(VI)) standards. Employees exposed to Cr(VI) are atincreased risk of developing serious adverse healtheffects including lung cancer, asthma and damage tothe nasal passages and skin. This guide describes thesteps that employers are required to take to protectemployees from the hazards associated with exposureto Cr(VI).

This document provides guidance only, and doesnot alter or determine compliance responsibilities,which are set forth in OSHA standards and theOccupational Safety and Health Act. This guide doesnot replace the official Hexavalent Chromium stan-dards, which are contained in Appendix I of this docu-ment. The employer must refer to the appropriatestandard to ensure that they are in compliance.Moreover, because interpretations and enforcementpolicy may change over time, for additional guidanceon OSHA compliance requirements the reader shouldconsult current administrative interpretations anddecisions by the Occupational Safety and HealthReview Commission and the courts.

In 24 states and two territories, OSHA standardsare enforced by the state agency responsible for theOSHA-approved State Plan. These states and territo-ries are: Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut,Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan,Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, NewYork, North Carolina, Oregon, Puerto Rico, SouthCarolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virgin Islands,Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming. Connecticut,New Jersey, New York, and the Virgin Islands operateOSHA-approved State Plans limited in scope to stateand local government employees. State Plans mustadopt and enforce standards that are either identicalto or at least as effective as the federal standards.They must also extend the coverage of their standardsto state and local government employees.

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDEThe guide is divided into sections that correspond tothe major provisions of the Cr(VI) standards. Each sec-tion follows the same organization as the correspond-ing paragraph of the standards, providing moredetail than the standards to help employers betterunderstand the requirements. For example, the Scope

section explains which employers are covered by thestandards and describes the exceptions to coverage ofthe standards. The employer may consult a sectionthat is of particular interest, or may proceed throughthe sections in sequence to gain a better understand-ing of the standards in their entirety. A section describ-ing additional OSHA resources available to assistemployers is also included.

The Cr(VI) standards for general industry (29 CFR1910.1026), shipyards (29 CFR 1915.1026), and con-struction (29 CFR 1926.1126) are included in AppendixI. Appendix II presents information on industry opera-tions and processes associated with exposure toCr(VI) to assist employers in identifying Cr(VI) expo-sures in their workplaces. Appendix III contains list-ings of OSHA Area and Regional offices; the address-es and phone numbers of state agencies that adminis-ter OSHA-approved State Plans; and the addressesand phone numbers of OSHA Consultation Serviceoffices.

WHERE TO GO FOR ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCEFor additional assistance in complying with the Cr(VI)standards, contact the nearest OSHA Area Office. Ifyou are unable to contact the OSHA Area Office, youcan contact the appropriate OSHA Regional Officefor information or assistance. If you are located in astate that operates an OSHA-approved State Plan, youmay contact the responsible state agency for informa-tion and assistance. See Appendix III for the address-es and phone numbers of these offices.

The OSHA Consultation Service is another impor-tant resource for additional assistance. The service islargely funded by OSHA and is delivered by stategovernments using well-trained professional staff.Primarily intended for smaller businesses, the consul-tation program is free of charge to employers and iscompletely separate from the OSHA inspection effort.The consultation services do not issue citations orpropose penalties. Additional information on theOSHA Consultation Service, as well as other sourcesof help from OSHA, can be found in the OSHA assis-tance section of the guide.

Introduction

S M A L L E N T I T Y C O M P L I A N C E G U I D E F O R T H E

H E X A V A L E N T C H R O M I U M S T A N D A R D S

3

Scope

The standards apply to all occupational exposures toCr(VI), with only limited exceptions. OSHA has separatestandards for Cr(VI) exposures in general industry, ship-yards, and construction. Most of the requirements arethe same for all sectors. Where there are differences,they will be explained in this guide.

Cr(VI) is present in many different compounds thathave a variety of industrial applications. Examples ofmajor industrial uses of Cr(VI) compounds include: chro-mate pigments in dyes, paints, inks, and plastics; chro-mates added as anticorrosive agents to paints, primers,and other surface coatings; and chromic acid electroplat-ed onto metal parts to provide a decorative or protectivecoating. Examples of Cr(VI) compounds include:

• ammonium dichromate ((NH4)2Cr2O7); • calcium chromate (CaCrO4);• chromium trioxide or chromic acid (CrO3); • lead chromate (PbCrO4); • potassium chromate (K2CrO4); • potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7);• sodium chromate (Na2CrO4);• strontium chromate (SrCrO4); and• zinc chromate (ZnCrO4). Employers can consult their suppliers or examine

material safety data sheets (MSDSs) to identify Cr(VI)-containing materials that are present in the workplace.

Cr(VI) can also be formed when performing “hot work”such as welding on stainless steel, melting chromiummetal, or heating refractory bricks in kilns. In these situa-tions the chromium is not originally hexavalent, but thehigh temperatures involved in the process result in oxi-dation that converts the chromium to a hexavalent state.Appendix II of this document presents a more extensivedescription of the industry operations and processes thatare typically associated with Cr(VI) exposure.

The Cr(VI) standards do not apply in three situa-tions: Exposures that occur in the application of pesti-cides; exposures to portland cement; and where theemployer has objective data demonstrating that Cr(VI)concentrations cannot exceed 0.5 micrograms percubic meter of air as an 8-hour time-weighted averageunder any expected conditions of use.

APPLICATION OF PESTICIDESThe standards do not cover exposures to Cr(VI) thatoccur in the application of pesticides. Some Cr(VI)-con-taining chemicals, such as chromated copper arsenate(CCA) and acid copper chromate (ACC), are used forwood treatment and are regulated by the Environmen-tal Protection Agency (EPA) as pesticides. OSHA does

not regulate where another federal agency, such asEPA, enforces occupational safety and health standards.

The exemption pertains only to the application ofpesticides and not to the manufacture of Cr(VI)-con-taining pesticides, which is covered by the standards.The use of wood treated with pesticides containingCr(VI) is also covered by the standards.

PORTLAND CEMENTThe standards do not cover exposure to Cr(VI) in port-land cement. Trace amounts of Cr(VI) are usually pres-ent in portland cement. However, the concentration ofCr(VI) is so low that employee exposures to Cr(VI) fromworking with portland cement are typically well belowthe action level.

Employers should be aware that other standardsare in place to protect employees exposed to portlandcement. OSHA has a permissible exposure limit forportland cement (see 29 CFR 1910.1000 for generalindustry; 29 CFR 1915.1000 for shipyards; 29 CFR1926.55 for construction). Appropriate personal protec-tive equipment must be provided and used when work-ing with portland cement (see 29 CFR 1910.132 for gen-eral industry; 29 CFR 1915.152 for shipyards; 29 CFR1926.95 for construction). Adequate washing facilitiesmust also be provided in all sectors (see 29 CFR1910.141(d) for general industry and shipyards; 29 CFR1926.51(f) for construction). In addition, OSHA’s HazardCommunication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requirestraining for all employees potentially exposed to haz-ardous chemicals, including portland cement.

WHERE EXPOSURES CANNOT EXCEED 0.5 µg/m3

An exemption from the standards is provided foremployers who have objective data demonstratingthat a material containing chromium or a specificprocess, operation, or activity involving chromiumcannot release dusts, fumes, or mists of Cr(VI) in con-centrations at or above 0.5 micrograms per cubicmeter of air (0.5 µg/m3) as an 8-hour time-weightedaverage (TWA) under any expected conditions of use.When using the phrase “any expected conditions ofuse,” OSHA is referring to any situation that can rea-sonably be foreseen by the employer. The meaning ofthe term “objective data” is discussed in the followingsection.

This exception for situations where exposures arenot likely to present significant risk to employeesallows employers to focus their resources on expo-sures of greater occupational health concern.

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Definitions are included in the standards to describethe meaning of a number of terms used. Some ofthese terms are further explained as follows:

Action level is defined as an airborne concentration of2.5 micrograms of Cr(VI) per cubic meter of air (2.5µg/m3) calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average(TWA) (i.e., employee exposures to Cr(VI) average 2.5µg/m3 over an eight-hour time period). Exposures ator above the action level trigger certain requirementsfor exposure monitoring and medical surveillance.

Chromium (VI) [Hexavalent chromium or Cr(VI)]

means chromium with a valence of positive six, in anyform or chemical compound in which it occurs. Thisterm includes Cr(VI) in all states of matter, in any solu-tion or other mixture, even if it is encapsulated byanother substance. The term also includes Cr(VI)when it is created by an industrial process, such aswhen welding on stainless steel generates Cr(VI)fume.

Emergency means any occurrence that results, or islikely to result, in an uncontrolled release of Cr(VI).Such an occurrence may be the result of equipmentfailure, rupture of containers, or failure of controlequipment. To constitute an emergency, the exposuremust be unexpected and significant. If an incidentalrelease of Cr(VI) can be controlled at the time of therelease by employees in the immediate release area,or by maintenance personnel, it is not considered anemergency. For example, a minor spill that can becleaned up by an employee with minimal airborne ordermal exposure to Cr(VI) would not be considered anemergency. Instances that do constitute an emer-gency trigger requirements for medical surveillanceand the use of respiratory protection.

Employee exposure means exposure to Cr(VI) thatwould occur if the employee were not using a respira-tor. Thus, exposure levels should be determined out-side of the respirator for those employees wearing arespirator.

Historical monitoring data is data from Cr(VI) expo-sure monitoring conducted prior to May 30, 2006 (theeffective date of this Cr(VI) standard). In order for anemployer to rely upon historical data, the data must

have been obtained during work operations conduct-ed under workplace conditions that closely resemblethe processes, types of material, control methods,work practices, and environmental conditions in theemployer’s current operations. Historical monitoringdata must also comply with confidence and accuracyrequirements specified in the exposure determinationsection of the standard.

Objective data means information, other than em-ployee monitoring, that demonstrates the expectedemployee exposure to Cr(VI) associated with a partic-ular product or material or a specific process, opera-tion, or activity. Information that can serve as objec-tive data includes, but is not limited to, air monitoringdata from industry-wide surveys; data collected by atrade association from its members; or calculationsbased on the composition or chemical and physicalproperties of a material. Use of objective data is dis-cussed in the exposure determination section underthe “performance-oriented” option.

Physician or other licensed health care professional

[PLHCP] is an individual whose legally permittedscope of practice (i.e., license, registration, or certifica-tion) allows him or her to independently provide or bedelegated the responsibility to provide some or all ofthe particular health care services required by themedical surveillance provisions of this standard.

Regulated area means an area, demarcated by theemployer, where an employee’s exposure to airborneconcentrations of Cr(VI) exceeds, or can reasonably beexpected to exceed, the PEL. The employer has theresponsibility to determine and demarcate the bound-aries of the regulated area. OSHA has not includedrequirements for regulated areas in construction orshipyard workplaces.



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Definitions

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Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

Calculation of Time-Weighted Average Exposures

Both the PEL and the action level are expressed as time-weighted average (TWA) exposures. TWAmeasurements account for variable exposure levels over the course of a work shift, averaging peri-ods of higher and lower exposures. The TWA exposure for an 8-hour work shift is computed using asimple formula:

TWA = (Ca Ta+Cb Tb+. . .Cn Tn)÷8

Where:

TWA is the time-weighted average exposure for the work shift;

C is the concentration during any period of time (T) where the concentration remains constant; and

T is the duration in hours of the exposure at the concentration (C).

For example, assume that an employee is subject to the following exposure to Cr(VI):

Two hours exposure at 10 µg/m3

Two hours exposure at 5 µg/m3

Four hours exposure at 1 µg/m3

Substituting this information in the formula, we have:

(2x10 + 2x5 + 4x1)÷8 = 4.25 µg/m3

Since 4.25 µg/m3 is more than 2.5 µg/m3, the action level has been exceeded. However, as 4.25µg/m3 is less than 5 µg/m3, the PEL has not been exceeded.

The standards establish an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure limit of 5 micrograms of Cr(VI) per cubicmeter of air (5 µg/m3). This means that over the course of any 8-hour work shift, the average exposure to Cr(VI)cannot exceed 5 µg/m3.

Employers must determine the 8-hour time-weightedaverage exposure to Cr(VI) for each employee exposedto Cr(VI). This assessment allows the employer toidentify and prevent overexposures; collect exposuredata so that proper control methods can be selected;and evaluate the effectiveness of those methods. Anaccurate exposure determination also provides impor-tant information concerning occupational Cr(VI) expo-sures to the physician or other licensed health careprofessional who performs medical examinations onemployees. Employers can choose between twooptions for performing exposure determinations: ascheduled monitoring option, or a performance-ori-ented option. In addition, employers must complywith certain requirements regarding employee notifi-cation of the results of the exposure determination,accuracy of measurement methods, and observationof monitoring.

SCHEDULED MONITORING OPTIONEmployers who select the scheduled monitoringoption must conduct initial exposure monitoring todetermine employee exposure to Cr(VI). This monitor-ing is performed by sampling the air within theemployee’s breathing zone. Monitoring must repre-sent the employee’s time-weighted average exposureto airborne Cr(VI) over an 8-hour workday.

Employers must accurately characterize the expo-sure to Cr(VI) for each employee. In some cases, thiswill entail monitoring all exposed employees. In othercases, monitoring “representative” employees is suffi-cient. Representative exposure sampling is permittedwhen a number of employees perform essentially thesame job under the same conditions. For such situa-tions, it may be sufficient to monitor a fraction ofthese employees in order to obtain data that are“representative” of the remaining employees.Representative personal sampling for employeesengaged in similar work involving similar Cr(VI) expo-sures is achieved by monitoring the employee(s) rea-sonably expected to have the highest Cr(VI) expo-sures. For example, this may involve monitoring theCr(VI) exposure of the employee closest to an expo-sure source. This exposure result may then be attri-buted to the remaining employees in the group.Monitoring must accurately characterize exposures oneach shift, for each job classification, and in each workarea.

Requirements for periodic monitoring depend onthe results of initial monitoring. If the initial monitor-ing indicates that employee exposures are below theaction level, no further monitoring is required unlesschanges in the workplace may result in new or addi-tional exposures. If the initial monitoring reveals em-ployee exposures to be at or above the action levelbut at or below the PEL, the employer must performperiodic monitoring at least every six months. If theinitial monitoring reveals employee exposures to beabove the PEL, the employer must perform periodicmonitoring at least every three months.

If periodic monitoring results indicate that employ-ee exposures have fallen below the action level, andthose results are confirmed by consecutive measure-ments taken at least seven days apart, the employermay discontinue monitoring for those employeeswhose exposures are represented by such monitor-ing. Similarly, after initial monitoring shows expo-sures above the PEL, if periodic measurements indi-cate that exposures are at or below the PEL but are ator above the action level, the employer may reducethe frequency of the monitoring to at least every sixmonths.

Employers must perform additional monitoringwhen workplace changes may result in new or addi-tional exposures to Cr(VI). These changes includealterations in the production process, raw materials,equipment, personnel, work practices, or controlmethods used in the workplace. For example, if anemployer has conducted monitoring for an electro-plating operation while using fume suppressants, andthe use of fume suppressants is discontinued, thenadditional monitoring would be necessary to deter-mine employee exposures under the modified condi-tions. In addition, there may be other situations whichcan result in new or additional exposures to Cr(VI)which are unique to an employer’s work situation. Forinstance, a welder may move from an open, outdoorlocation to an enclosed or confined space. Eventhough the task performed and materials used mayremain constant, the changed environment could rea-sonably be expected to result in higher exposures toCr(VI). In these special situations, OSHA requires theemployer to perform additional monitoring wheneverthe employer has any reason to believe that a changehas occurred which may result in new or additionalexposures to Cr(VI). Additional monitoring is not



7

Exposure Determination

required simply because a change has been made, ifthe change is not reasonably expected to result innew or additional exposures to Cr(VI). For example,monitoring may be conducted in an establishmentwhen welding was performed on steel with 15%chromium content. If the establishment switches to asteel with 10% chromium content without changingany other aspect of the work operation, then addition-al exposures to Cr(VI) would not reasonably beexpected, and additional monitoring would not berequired.

PERFORMANCE-ORIENTED OPTIONThe performance-oriented option allows the employerto determine the 8-hour TWA exposure for eachemployee on the basis of any combination of air mon-itoring data (i.e., data obtained from initial and period-ic Cr(VI) monitoring), historical monitoring data, orobjective data sufficient to accurately characterizeemployee exposure to Cr(VI). This option is intendedto allow employers flexibility in assessing the Cr(VI)exposures of their employees. Where the employerelects to follow this option, the exposure determina-tion must be performed prior to the time the workoperation commences and must provide the samedegree of assurance that employee exposures havebeen correctly characterized as air monitoring would.The employer is expected to reevaluate employeeexposures when there is any change in the productionprocess, raw materials, equipment, personnel, workpractices, or control methods that may result in newor additional exposures to Cr(VI).

EMPLOYEE NOTIFICATIONEmployers must notify each affected employee if theexposure determination indicates that their exposureto Cr(VI) exceeds the PEL. “Affected employees” areall employees considered to be exposed above thePEL, including those employees who are not actuallysubject to personal monitoring, but who are repre-sented by an employee who is sampled. Affectedemployees also include employees whose exposureshave been deemed to be above the PEL on the basisof historical or objective data. The employer musteither notify each affected employee in writing orpost the determination results in an appropriate loca-tion accessible to all affected employees (e.g., a bul-letin board accessible to all employees). In addition,the written notification must describe the correctiveaction(s) being taken by the employer to reduce the

employee’s exposure to or below the PEL (e.g., use ofrespirators or the engineering controls that will beimplemented).

The general industry standard requires employersto notify employees within 15 working days fromwhen monitoring results are received (or when theexposure determination is made for those followingthe performance-oriented option). In construction andshipyards, employers must notify each affectedemployee as soon as possible but not more than 5working days later. A shorter time period for notifica-tion is mandated in construction and shipyardsbecause of the often short duration of operations andemployment in particular locations in these sectors.

ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTSThe standard does not specify a particular method ofsampling and analysis that must be used to measureemployee exposures to Cr(VI). The employer may useany method as long as it meets certain accuracyrequirements. Many laboratories presently have meth-ods to measure Cr(VI) at the action level with at leastthe required degree of accuracy. One example of anacceptable method of monitoring and analysis isOSHA method ID215, which is a fully validated analyt-ical method used by OSHA to measure Cr(VI) expo-sures.

OBSERVATION OF MONITORINGEmployers must provide affected employees or theirdesignated representatives an opportunity to observeany monitoring of employee exposure to Cr(VI)required by this standard. When observation of moni-toring requires entry into an area where the use ofprotective clothing or equipment is required, theemployer must provide the observer with these items,and assure that the observer uses them and complieswith all other safety and health procedures.

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The Cr(VI) standard for general industry includesrequirements for regulated areas. The purpose of aregulated area is to ensure that employees are awareof the presence of Cr(VI) at levels above the PEL, andto limit Cr(VI) exposure to as few employees as possi-ble by requiring the employer to mark areas whereemployee exposure is likely to exceed the PEL andlimit access to these areas to authorized persons. Thestandard includes provisions for establishment of reg-ulated areas; demarcation of regulated areas; andaccess to regulated areas. The requirements are notincluded in the standards for construction or ship-yards because they are considered generally impracti-cable in these environments.

ESTABLISHMENTEmployers must establish regulated areas whereveran employee’s exposure to Cr(VI) is, or can reasonablybe expected to be, in excess of the PEL. Informationobtained during the exposure determination can beused along with reasonable judgment to determinewhere regulated areas are required, and to establishthe boundaries of regulated areas.

DEMARCATIONRegulated areas must be distinguished from the restof the workplace in a manner that adequately estab-

lishes and alerts employees of the boundaries of theregulated area. The standard does not specify howemployers are to demarcate regulated areas. Warningsigns, barricades, lines and textured flooring, or othermethods may be appropriate. Whatever methods arechosen must effectively warn employees not to enterthe area unless they are authorized, and then only ifthey are using proper protective equipment, such asrespirators.

ACCESSEmployers must limit access to regulated areas. Theonly individuals allowed access to a regulated areaare:

• Persons authorized by the employer and requiredby work duties to be present in the regulatedarea (this may include maintenance and repairpersonnel, management, quality control engi-neers, or other personnel if job duties requiretheir presence in the regulated area);

• Any person entering the area as a designatedrepresentative of employees to observe Cr(VI)exposure monitoring; or

• Any person authorized by the OccupationalSafety and Health Act or regulations issuedunder it to be in a regulated area (e.g., OSHAenforcement personnel).



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Regulated Areas

Methods of Compliance

Employers must use engineering and work practicecontrols as the primary means to reduce and maintainemployee exposures to Cr(VI) to or below the PEL,unless the employer can demonstrate that such con-trol measures are not feasible. Engineering controlsinclude:

• Substitution (e.g., using a less toxic materialinstead of Cr(VI), or substituting a process thatresults in lower exposures for another type ofprocess that results in higher exposures);

• Isolation (e.g., enclosing the source of exposure,or placing a barrier between employees and thesource of exposure); and

• Ventilation (e.g., local exhaust systems that cap-ture airborne Cr(VI) near its source and removeit from the workplace, or general ventilation thatdilutes Cr(VI) concentrations by circulating largequantities of air – a local exhaust system is gen-erally preferred to dilution ventilation because itprovides a cleaner and healthier work environ-ment).

Work practice controls involve adjustments in theway a task is performed. In many cases, work practicecontrols complement engineering controls in provid-ing employee protection. For example, periodicinspection and maintenance of control equipmentsuch as ventilation systems is an important work prac-tice control. Frequently, equipment which is in disre-pair will not perform normally. If equipment is rou-tinely inspected, maintained, and repaired or replacedbefore failure is likely, there is less chance that haz-ardous exposures will occur.

Employees must know the way to perform theirjob tasks in order to minimize their exposure to Cr(VI)and to maximize the effectiveness of control meas-ures. For example, if an exhaust hood is designed toprovide local ventilation and an employee performs atask that generates Cr(VI) aerosols away from theexhaust hood, the control measure will be of no use.Good supervision further ensures that proper workpractices are carried out by employees.

Employees’ exposures can also be controlled byscheduling operations with the highest exposures ata time when the fewest employees are present. Forexample, routine cleanup operations that involveCr(VI) releases might be performed at night or attimes when the usual production staff is not present.

If feasible engineering and work practice controlsare not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to orbelow the PEL, the employer must use them to reducethe exposure to the lowest level achievable. Respira-tors must then be used to reduce employee exposureto or below the PEL. The standards require primaryreliance on engineering and work practice controlsbecause they are generally reliable, provide consistentprotection to a large number of employees, can bemonitored, and can efficiently remove Cr(VI) from theworkplace. Although an important method of protect-ing employees, effective use of respirators is moredifficult to achieve. Use of respirators in the work-place also presents other safety and health concernsdue to the physiological burdens on employees usingrespirators, and limitations on auditory, visual, andodor sensations.

There are two exceptions to the general require-ment for primary use of engineering and work practicecontrols to reduce employee exposure to within per-missible limits. The first exception applies to the paint-ing of aircraft or large aircraft parts (e.g., the interior orexterior of whole aircraft, aircraft wings or tail sections,or comparably sized aircraft parts) in the aerospaceindustry. When such painting is performed, theemployer must use engineering and work practice con-trols to reduce employee Cr(VI) exposures to or below25 µg/m3 unless the employer can demonstrate thatsuch controls are not feasible. Use of respirators is thenrequired to limit exposures to or below the PEL.

The second exception to the general requirementfor primary reliance on engineering and work practicecontrols applies where employers do not haveemployee exposures above the PEL for 30 or moredays per year (12 consecutive months) from a particu-lar process or task. Thus, if a particular process or taskresults in employee exposures to Cr(VI) that exceedthe PEL on 29 or fewer days during any 12 consecu-tive months, the employer is allowed to use any com-bination of controls, including respirators alone, toachieve the PEL. The burden of proof is on theemployer to demonstrate that a process or task willnot cause employee exposures to remain above thePEL for 30 or more days per year. Historical data,objective data, or exposure monitoring data may beused for this purpose. Other information, such as pro-duction orders showing that processes involvingCr(VI) exposures are conducted on fewer than 30 daysper year, may also be used.

Employers are not permitted to rotate employeesto different jobs as a means of achieving compliancewith the PEL. However, there is no general prohibitionon employee rotation. Employers may rotate employ-ees for other reasons, such as to provide cross-train-ing on different tasks or to allow employees to alter-nate physically demanding tasks with less strenuousactivities.

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When engineering and work practice controls cannotreduce employee exposure to Cr(VI) to within the PEL,employers must provide employees with respirators.Specifically, respirators are required during:

• Periods necessary to install or implement feasi-ble engineering and work practice controls;

• Work operations, such as maintenance andrepair activities, for which engineering and workpractice controls are not feasible;

• Work operations for which an employer hasimplemented all feasible engineering and workpractice controls and such controls are not suffi-cient to reduce exposures to or below the PEL;

• Work operations where employees are exposedabove the PEL for fewer than 30 days per year,and the employer has elected not to implementengineering and work practice controls toachieve the PEL; or

• Emergencies (i.e., uncontrolled releases of Cr(VI)that result in significant and unexpected expo-sures; see definition of “Emergency” at pg. 5).

Where respirator use is required, the employermust establish a respiratory protection program inaccordance with OSHA’s Respiratory Protection stan-dard (29 CFR 1910.134). The respiratory protectionprogram addresses procedures for properly selectingand using respirators in the workplace. OSHA has pre-pared a separate Small Entity Compliance Guide forthe Respiratory Protection standard (available athttp://www.osha.gov/pls/publications/pubindex.list#118) which provides additional information on therequirements of that standard.



11

Respiratory Protection

Employers must provide appropriate protective cloth-ing and equipment wherever skin or eye contact withCr(VI) is likely to present a hazard to employees. Theemployer is also required to ensure that employeesuse the clothing and equipment provided, and followa number of specified practices to ensure that protec-tive clothing and equipment is used and handled in amanner that is protective of employee health.

Protective work clothing and equipment is onlythat clothing and equipment that serves to protectemployees from Cr(VI) hazards. Other clothing, workuniforms, tools or other apparatus that do not serve toprotect employees from Cr(VI) hazards are not consid-ered protective clothing and equipment under thestandards.

PROVISION AND USEIn order to provide appropriate protective work cloth-ing and equipment, the employer should assess theworkplace to identify areas where a hazard is presentor is likely to be present from skin or eye contact withCr(VI). The employer should exercise common senseand use appropriate expertise in assessing hazards. Awalk-through survey of the workplace is recommend-ed to identify sources of employee Cr(VI) exposure. A

review of workplace injury and illness records is alsorecommended. Information obtained during thisprocess provides a basis for evaluating potential haz-ards. Exposures must be evaluated on a case-by-casebasis, taking into account factors such as the acidityor alkalinity of the Cr(VI)-containing compound ormixture as well as the magnitude and duration ofexposure.

Where a hazard is identified, the employer mustselect the clothing and equipment needed to protectemployees from Cr(VI) hazards. The type of protectiveclothing and equipment needed to protect employeesfrom Cr(VI) hazards will depend on the potential forexposure and the conditions of use in the workplace.Examples of protective clothing and equipment thatmay be necessary include, but are not limited to,gloves, aprons, coveralls, foot coverings, and goggles.

The employer must exercise reasonable judgmentin selecting the appropriate clothing and equipment touse to protect employees from hazards associatedwith Cr(VI) exposures. In some instances gloves maybe all that is necessary to effectively protect anemployee from hazardous Cr(VI) exposure. In othersituations, such as when an employee is performingabrasive blasting on a structure covered with Cr(VI)-

Protective Work Clothing and Equipment

containing paint, more extensive measures such ascoveralls, head coverings, and goggles may be need-ed. The chemical and physical properties of the com-pound or mixture may also influence the choice ofclothing and equipment to use. For example, achrome plater may require an apron, gloves, and gog-gles to protect against possible splashes of chromicacid that could result in both Cr(VI) exposure andchemical burns. Other factors such as the size, flexibil-ity, and cut and tear resistance of clothing and equip-ment should be considered in the selection process aswell.

OSHA has issued a booklet, Personal ProtectiveEquipment (OSHA Publication 3151, available athttp://www. osha.gov/Publications/osha3151.pdf), thatprovides more information on assessment of work-place hazards and selection of appropriate protectiveclothing and equipment, as well as other factors relat-ed to the use of these items.

Employers must provide the clothing and equip-ment at no cost to the employee. Where protectiveclothing and equipment is required, the employermust ensure that it is used in the workplace.

REMOVAL AND STORAGEThe employer must ensure that employees removeprotective clothing and equipment that has becomecontaminated with Cr(VI) at the end of their work shiftor when they complete their tasks involving Cr(VI)exposure, whichever comes first. For example, ifemployees perform work tasks involving Cr(VI) expo-sure for the first two hours of a shift, and then per-form tasks that do not involve Cr(VI) exposure for theremainder of the shift, they must remove their protec-tive clothing after the exposure period (in this case,after the first two hours of the shift). If, however,employees are performing tasks involving Cr(VI) expo-sure intermittently throughout the day, or if employ-ees are exposed to other contaminants where protec-tive clothing and equipment are needed, they maywear the clothing and equipment until the completionof their shift. This requirement is intended to limit theduration of employees’ exposure, and to prevent con-tamination from Cr(VI) residues on protective clothingreaching areas of the workplace where exposureswould not otherwise occur.

The employer must not allow any employee toremove contaminated protective clothing or equip-ment from the workplace, except for those employeeswhose job it is to launder, clean, maintain, or dispose

of the clothing or equipment. This requirement isintended to ensure that clothing contaminated withCr(VI) is not carried to employees’ cars and homes,which would increase the employee’s exposure aswell as exposing other individuals to Cr(VI) hazards.

When contaminated protective clothing or equip-ment is removed for laundering, cleaning, mainte-nance, or disposal, it must be stored and transportedin sealed, impermeable bags or other closed, imper-meable containers. Bags or containers of contaminat-ed protective clothing or equipment that are removedfor laundering, cleaning, maintenance, or disposalmust be labeled in accordance with the requirementsof OSHA’s Hazard Communication standard (29 CFR1910.1200). In general, the Hazard Communicationstandard requires that each container of hazardouschemicals leaving the workplace include a label thatindicates the identity of the hazardous chemicals inthe container, appropriate hazard warnings, and thename and address of a responsible party who canprovide additional information on the hazardouschemicals. Use of impermeable containers and properlabeling practices serve to minimize contamination ofthe workplace and ensure that employees who laterhandle these items are protected.

CLEANING AND REPLACEMENTThe employer must clean, launder, repair and replaceprotective clothing and equipment as necessary toensure that the effectiveness of the clothing andequipment is maintained. This requirement is intend-ed to ensure that clothing and equipment continues toserve its intended purpose of protecting employees.The standards do not specify how often clothing andequipment must be cleaned, repaired, or replaced.The appropriate time intervals may vary widely basedon the types of clothing and equipment used, Cr(VI)exposures, and other circumstances in the workplace.The obligation of the employer is to keep the clothingand equipment in the condition necessary to performits protective functions.

Removal of Cr(VI) from protective clothing andequipment by blowing, shaking, or any other meansthat disperses Cr(VI) into the air or onto an employ-ee’s body is prohibited. Such actions would result inincreased risk to employees from unnecessary expo-sure to airborne Cr(VI) as well as possible skin con-tact.

The employer must inform any person who laun-ders or cleans protective clothing or equipment con-

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taminated with Cr(VI) of the potentially harmful effectsof Cr(VI) exposure, and that the clothing and equip-ment should be laundered or cleaned in a mannerthat minimizes skin or eye contact with Cr(VI) and pre-vents exposure to Cr(VI) in excess of the PEL. Thisrequirement is intended to ensure that employeeswho clean or launder Cr(VI)-contaminated items areaware of the associated hazards so that they can takeappropriate protective measures. The hazard warn-ings required on labels for containers of Cr(VI)-con-taminated clothing and equipment, required byOSHA’s Hazard Communication standard, are suffi-cient to indicate the potentially harmful effects ofCr(VI). An additional statement (i.e., a statement indi-

cating that the clothing and equipment should be han-dled in a manner that minimizes skin or eye contactwith Cr(VI) and effectively prevents exposure to Cr(VI)in excess of the PEL) could be added to the label tofulfill this requirement. The employer is not expectedto specify particular work practices that must be fol-lowed to achieve these objectives.

The employer is responsible for ensuring that pro-tective work clothes and equipment are cleaned andproperly disposed of. The employer should also con-duct inspections and, when necessary, repair orreplace protective work clothing and equipment toensure its effectiveness.



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Employers must provide adequate hygiene facilitiesand ensure that employees comply with basichygiene practices that serve to minimize exposure to Cr(VI). The standards include requirements forchange rooms and washing facilities, ensuring thatCr(VI) exposure in eating and drinking areas is mini-mized, and a prohibition on certain practices thatmay contribute to Cr(VI) exposure.

CHANGE ROOMSWhere employees must change out of their streetclothes to use protective clothing and equipmentrequired by the standard, change rooms must beprovided. The change rooms must be equipped withseparate storage facilities (e.g., lockers) for protec-tive clothing and equipment and for street clothes,and these facilities must prevent contamination ofstreet clothes. Preventing contamination of streetclothing limits exposures that would otherwise occurafter the work shift ends, and avoids potential con-tamination of employees’ cars and homes. Changerooms also provide privacy to employees while theychange their clothes.

Change rooms are only required where removalof street clothes is necessary. For example, in aworkplace where gloves are the only protectiveclothing used, change rooms are not necessary.Similarly, if disposable protective clothing can beeffectively worn over street clothes, change roomswould not be required.

WASHING FACILITIESReadily accessible washing facilities capable ofremoving Cr(VI) from the skin must be providedwhere skin contact with Cr(VI) occurs. Washing facili-ties must conform with OSHA’s existing sanitationrequirements (29 CFR 1910.141 for general industry;29 CFR 1926.51 for construction). The employer mustensure that affected employees use these facilitieswhen necessary. Also, the employer must ensurethat employees who have skin contact with Cr(VI)wash their hands and faces at the end of the workshift and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, chewingtobacco or gum, applying cosmetics, or using thetoilet. Washing diminishes the period of time thatCr(VI) is in contact with the skin, removes any resid-ual Cr(VI) contamination, and protects against furtherexposure.

EATING AND DRINKING AREASWhenever an employer allows employees to con-sume food or beverages at a worksite where Cr(VI) ispresent, the employer must ensure that eating anddrinking areas and surfaces are maintained as freeas practicable of Cr(VI). Employers are also requiredto ensure that employees do not enter eating anddrinking areas wearing Cr(VI)-contaminated protec-tive clothing or equipment, unless the protectiveclothing or equipment is properly cleaned before-hand. The employer may use any method to removesurface Cr(VI) from clothing and equipment, as long

Hygiene Areas and Practices

as that method does not disperse Cr(VI) into the airor onto an employee’s body. For example, a HEPA-filtered vacuum may be used to remove Cr(VI) contamination from an employee’s clothingprior to entering the eating and drinking area.

PROHIBITED ACTIVITIESThe standards prohibit certain activities that are like-ly to result in unnecessary Cr(VI) exposures. The

employer must ensure that employees do not eat,drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cos-metics in regulated areas, or in areas where skin oreye contact with Cr(VI) occurs. Products associatedwith these activities, such as food or cigarettes, mustnot be carried into or stored in regulated areas orareas where skin or eye contact with Cr(VI) occurs.

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The Cr(VI) standard for general industry includesrequirements for housekeeping measures. Properhousekeeping measures are important, where practi-cable, because they minimize additional sources ofexposure to Cr(VI) that engineering controls are gen-erally not designed to address. The standard includesprovisions addressing general housekeeping require-ments; cleaning methods; and disposal of materialscontaminated with Cr(VI). These requirements arenot included in the standards for construction orshipyards because they are considered generallyimpracticable in these environments.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTSEmployers must ensure that:

• All surfaces are maintained as free as practica-ble of accumulations of Cr(VI); and

• All spills and releases of Cr(VI)-containingmaterial are cleaned up promptly.

Cr(VI) deposited on ledges, equipment, floors,and other surfaces should be removed as soon aspracticable to prevent it from becoming airborne andto minimize the likelihood that skin contact willoccur. Spills should be rapidly contained and cleanedup without delay.

CLEANING METHODSSurfaces contaminated with Cr(VI) must be cleanedby HEPA-filtered vacuuming or other methods thatminimize exposure to Cr(VI). Other acceptable clean-ing methods include wet methods, such as wetsweeping or wet scrubbing. Dry methods (e.g., dryshoveling, dry sweeping, and dry brushing) are gen-erally prohibited because of the potential for disper-sal of Cr(VI) into the air. Employers are only allowed

to use dry methods in cases where HEPA-filteredvacuuming or other methods that minimize the likeli-hood of exposure to Cr(VI) have been tried andfound not to be effective.

Use of compressed air for cleaning surfaces isalso generally inappropriate because of the potentialfor dispersal of Cr(VI) into the air. Compressed airmust not be used for cleaning surfaces unless it isused in conjunction with a ventilation system de-signed to capture the dust cloud, or if no alternativemethod is feasible.

Cleaning equipment must be handled in a man-ner that minimizes the reentry of Cr(VI) into theworkplace. HEPA-filtered vacuum equipment must becleaned and maintained carefully to avoid unneces-sary exposures to Cr(VI). Filters must be changedwhen needed, and the contents of the bags must bedisposed of properly to avoid unnecessary Cr(VI)exposures.

DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALSWaste, scrap, debris, and any other materials con-taminated with Cr(VI) that are consigned for disposalmust be disposed of in sealed, impermeable bags orother closed, impermeable containers. For example,the employer may wrap a pallet in plastic to createan impermeable barrier between employees and theCr(VI) contaminated waste, scrap or debris. Anotherexample would be to use a sealed barrel. Bags orcontainers of waste, scrap, debris, and any othermaterials contaminated with Cr(VI) that are con-signed for disposal must be labeled in accordancewith the requirements of OSHA’s Hazard Communi-cation standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).

Housekeeping

The intent of medical surveillance is to determine,where reasonably possible, if an individual can beexposed to the Cr(VI) present in his or her workplacewithout experiencing adverse health effects; to identi-fy Cr(VI)-related adverse health effects when they dooccur so that appropriate intervention measures canbe taken; and to determine an employee’s fitness touse personal protective equipment such as respira-tors. The standards specify which employees must beoffered medical surveillance; when medical examina-tions must be offered; the contents of the examina-tion; information that the employer must provide tothe physician or other licensed health care profession-al (PLHCP) who performs the examination; and thecontents of the written medical opinion that theemployer must obtain from the PLHCP.

All medical examinations and procedures requiredby the standards must be performed by or under thesupervision of a PLHCP. Medical surveillance must beprovided at no cost to employees, and at a reasonabletime and place. If participation requires travel awayfrom the worksite, the employer must bear the cost.Employees must be paid for time spent taking med-ical examinations, including travel time.

EMPLOYEES PROVIDED MEDICALSURVEILLANCEMedical surveillance must be provided to employeeswho are:

• Exposed to Cr(VI) at or above the action level(2.5 µg/m3 Cr(VI) as an 8-hour time-weightedaverage) for 30 or more days a year;

• Experiencing signs or symptoms of the adversehealth effects associated with Cr(VI) exposure(e.g., blistering lesions, redness or itchiness ofexposed skin, shortness of breath or wheezingthat worsens at work, nosebleeds, a whistlingsound while inhaling or exhaling); or

• Exposed in an emergency (i.e., an uncontrolledrelease of Cr(VI) that results in significant andunexpected exposures; see definition of“Emergency” at pg. 5).

FREQUENCY OF MEDICAL EXAMINATIONSMedical examinations must be provided:

• Within 30 days after initial assignment to a jobinvolving Cr(VI) exposure, unless the employeehas received an examination that meets therequirements of the standard within the last 12months;



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• Annually; • Within 30 days after a PLHCP’s written medical

opinion recommends an additional examination;• Whenever an employee shows signs or symp-

toms of the adverse health effects associatedwith Cr(VI) exposure;

• Within 30 days after exposure during an emer-gency which results in an uncontrolled releaseof Cr(VI); or

• At the termination of employment, unless thelast examination provided was less than sixmonths prior to the date of termination.

CONTENTS OF THE EXAMINATIONA medical examination provided under the standardconsists of:

• A medical and work history which focuses on:the employee’s past, present, and anticipatedfuture exposure to Cr(VI); any history of respira-tory system dysfunction; any history of asthma,dermatitis, skin ulceration, or nasal septum per-foration; and smoking status and history;

• A physical examination of the skin and respira-tory tract; and

• Any additional tests that the examining PLHCPconsiders to be appropriate for that individual.

The standards do not specify specific tests or procedures that must be provided to all employees.Rather, the information obtained from the medicaland work history along with the physical examinationof the skin and respiratory tract (the main targets ofCr(VI) toxicity) allow the PLHCPs to use their medicalexpertise to determine what tests, if any, are war-ranted.

INFORMATION PROVIDED TO THE PLHCPThe employer must ensure that the PLHCP has a copyof the Cr(VI) standard, and must provide the PLHCPwith:

• A description of the affected employee’s former,current, and anticipated duties as they relate toCr(VI) exposure;

• Information on the employee’s former, current,and anticipated Cr(VI) exposure levels;

• A description of any personal protective equip-ment used or to be used by the employee, in-cluding when and for how long the employeehas used that equipment; and

Medical Surveillance

• Information from records of employment-relatedmedical examinations previously provided tothe affected employee.

THE WRITTEN MEDICAL OPINIONThe employer must obtain a written medical opinionfrom the PLHCP for each medical examination per-formed. The written medical opinion must be ob-tained within 30 days of the examination, and mustcontain:

• The PLHCP’s opinion as to whether the employ-ee has any detected medical condition(s) thatwould place the employee at increased risk ofmaterial impairment to health from furtherexposure to Cr(VI);

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• Any recommended limitations on the employ-ee’s exposure to Cr(VI) or on the use of personalprotective equipment such as respirators; and

• A statement that the PLHCP has explained to theemployee the results of the medical examina-tion, including any medical conditions related toCr(VI) exposure that require further evaluationor treatment, and any special provisions for useof protective clothing or equipment.

The PLHCP must not reveal to the employer anyspecific findings or diagnoses that are not related toworkplace Cr(VI) exposure. The employer is requiredto provide a copy of the written medical opinion tothe examined employee within two weeks after re-ceiving it.

To protect against illnesses and injuries from Cr(VI)exposures, it is critically important that employeesrecognize the hazards associated with exposure toCr(VI) and understand the measures they can take toprotect themselves. OSHA’s Hazard Communicationstandard (29 CFR 1910.1200) establishes requirementsfor employers to provide employees with informationon hazardous chemicals such as Cr(VI) through com-prehensive chemical hazard communication programsthat include material safety data sheets (MSDSs),labels, and employee training. Employers must followthe requirements of the Hazard Communication stan-dard with regard to employees exposed to Cr(VI).These requirements include informing employees ofany operations in their work area where Cr(VI) is pres-ent and training employees on:

• The methods that may be used to detect Cr(VI)in the work area:

• The hazards of Cr(VI); and• Measures employees can take to protect them-

selves from these hazards (e.g., appropriatework practices, emergency procedures, and pro-tective equipment to be used).

In addition, the Cr(VI) standards require the em-ployer to provide information and training sufficient toensure that employees exposed to Cr(VI) can demon-strate knowledge of:

• The requirements of the Cr(VI) standard; and• The medical surveillance program required by

the standard, including recognition of the signsand symptoms of adverse health effects thatmay result from Cr(VI) exposure.

The employer must also make a copy of the Cr(VI)standard available without cost to all affected employ-ees.

The standards do not specify how training is to beprovided. Classroom instruction, video presentations,informal discussions, written materials, or other meth-ods may be appropriate. The employer may selectwhatever methods are most effective in a specificworkplace. Similarly, the standards do not requireemployers to provide additional training at periodicintervals. Training must be provided as often as isnecessary to ensure that employees are aware of theCr(VI) hazards in their workplace and understand theprotective measures available to them.

Communication of Cr(VI) Hazards to Employees

Accurate records can demonstrate employer compli-ance with the standard, and can assist in diagnosingand identifying workplace-related illnesses. Therefore,employers are required to maintain records of em-ployee Cr(VI) exposures (including air monitoringdata, historical monitoring data, and objective data) aswell as records of medical surveillance provided un-der the standard.

AIR MONITORING DATAEmployers must keep an accurate record of all airmonitoring performed to comply with the standard.The record must indicate:

• The date of the measurement for each sampletaken;

• The operation involving exposure to Cr(VI) thatwas monitored;

• Sampling and analytical methods used and evi-dence of their accuracy;

• The number, duration, and results of samplestaken;

• The type of personal protective equipment used(e.g., type of respirators worn); and

• The name, social security number, and job clas-sification of all employees represented by themonitoring, specifying which employees wereactually monitored.

HISTORICAL MONITORING DATAWhen an employer relies on historical monitoringdata to determine employee exposures to Cr(VI), anaccurate record of the historical monitoring data mustbe maintained. The record must show:

• That the data were collected using methods thatmeet the accuracy requirements of the standard(i.e., the method of monitoring and analysisused must measure Cr(VI) to within an accuracyof ± 25% and to within a statistical confidencelevel of 95%);

• That the processes and work practices, the char-acteristics of the Cr(VI)-containing materialbeing handled, and the environmental condi-tions at the time the data were obtained are thesame as those on the job for which exposure isbeing determined; and



17

• Any other data relevant to the operations, mate-rials, processing, and employee exposures.

OBJECTIVE DATAWhen an employer relies on objective data to complywith the Cr(VI) standard, an accurate record of theobjective data must be maintained. The record mustindicate:

• The chromium-containing material in question;• The source of the objective data;• The testing protocol and results of testing, or

analysis of the material for the release of Cr(VI);• A description of the process, operation, or activi-

ty and how the data support the determination;and

• Any other data relevant to the process, opera-tion, activity, material, or employee exposures.

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCEThe employer must maintain an accurate record foreach employee provided medical surveillance underthe standard. The record must include the followinginformation about the employee:

• Name and social security number;• A copy of the PLHCP’s written opinions; and• A copy of the information that the employer was

required to provide to the PLHCP (i.e., a descrip-tion of the employee’s duties as they relate tooccupational Cr(VI) exposure; the employee’sCr(VI) exposure levels; a description of the per-sonal protective equipment used by the employ-ee; and information from previous employment-related medical examinations).

Exposure and medical records must be maintainedand made available to employees and their represen-tatives. A separate OSHA standard (29 CFR 1910.1020,Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records)addresses requirements for maintaining these rec-ords. In general, exposure records must be kept for atleast 30 years, and medical records must be kept forthe duration of employment plus 30 years. It is neces-sary to keep these records for extended periodsbecause cancer often cannot be detected until 20 ormore years after exposure, and exposure and medicalrecords can assist in diagnosing and identifying thecause of disease.

Recordkeeping

Employers with 20 or more employees must complywith the requirements of the standards (except therequirements for use of engineering controls) byNovember 27, 2006. Employers with 19 or feweremployees must comply with the requirements of thestandards (except the requirements for use of engi-neering controls) by May 30, 2007. During the timeprior to these compliance dates, employers shouldtake steps to ensure that they are able to meet therequirements of the standards by the start-up dates.Initial exposure assessments should be completed,respiratory protection programs should be establishedwhere necessary, appropriate respirators should beobtained, regulated areas should be establishedwhere required, appropriate protective work clothing

and equipment should be acquired, arrangementsshould be made for provision of medical surveillance,and other measures necessary to comply with theprovisions of the standards should be taken. Allrequirements of the standards (except those for engi-neering controls) will be enforced as of the specifieddates.

Engineering controls required by the standardsmust be in place by May 31, 2010. This date applies toall employers, regardless of size. This additional timefor implementation of engineering controls is allottedto allow sufficient time for the process of designing,obtaining, and installing equipment and adopting newwork methods.

Dates

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OSHA Assistance

OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety ofprograms, including technical assistance about effec-tive safety and health programs, state plans, work-place consultations, voluntary protection programs,strategic partnerships, training and education, andmore. An overall commitment to workplace safety andhealth can add value to your business, to your work-place and to your life.

SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAMMANAGEMENT GUIDELINES

Effective management of employee safety and healthprotection is a decisive factor in reducing the extentand severity of work-related injuries and illnesses andtheir related costs. In fact, an effective safety andhealth program forms the basis of good employee pro-tection and can save time and money (about $4 forevery dollar spent) and increase productivity andreduce employee injuries, illnesses and related work-ers’ compensation costs.

To assist employers and employees in developingeffective safety and health programs, OSHA publishedrecommended Safety and Health Program Manage-ment Guidelines (54 Federal Register (16): 3904-3916,January 26, 1989). These voluntary guidelines applyto all places of employment covered by OSHA.

The guidelines identify four general elements criti-cal to the development of a successful safety andhealth management program:

■ Management leadership and employee involve-ment.

■ Work analysis.

■ Hazard prevention and control.

■ Safety and health training.

The guidelines recommend specific actions, undereach of these general elements, to achieve an effectivesafety and health program. The Federal Registernotice is available online at www.osha.gov

STATE PROGRAMS

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHAct) encourages states to develop and operate theirown job safety and health plans. OSHA approves andmonitors these plans. Twenty-four states, Puerto Ricoand the Virgin Islands currently operate approved stateplans: 22 cover both private and public (state and localgovernment) employment; the Connecticut, New

Jersey, New York and Virgin Islands plans cover thepublic sector only. States and territories with their ownOSHA-approved occupational safety and health plansmust adopt standards identical to, or at least as effec-tive as, the Federal standards.

CONSULTATION SERVICES

Consultation assistance is available on request toemployers who want help in establishing and main-taining a safe and healthful workplace. Largely fundedby OSHA, the service is provided at no cost to theemployer. Primarily developed for smaller employerswith more hazardous operations, the consultationservice is delivered by state governments employingprofessional safety and health consultants. Compre-hensive assistance includes an appraisal of all me-chanical systems, work practices and occupationalsafety and health hazards of the workplace and allaspects of the employer’s present job safety and healthprogram. In addition, the service offers assistance toemployers in developing and implementing an effec-tive safety and health program. No penalties are pro-posed or citations issued for hazards identified by theconsultant. OSHA provides consultation assistance tothe employer with the assurance that his or her nameand firm and any information about the workplace willnot be routinely reported to OSHA enforcement staff.

Under the consultation program, certain exemplaryemployers may request participation in OSHA’s Safetyand Health Achievement Recognition Program (SHARP).Eligibility for participation in SHARP includes receivinga comprehensive consultation visit, demonstratingexemplary achievements in workplace safety andhealth by abating all identified hazards and developingan excellent safety and health program.

Employers accepted into SHARP may receive anexemption from programmed inspections (not com-plaint or accident investigation inspections) for a peri-od of one year. For more information concerning con-sultation assistance, see the OSHA website atwww.osha.gov

VOLUNTARY PROTECTION PROGRAMS (VPP)

Voluntary Protection Programs and on-site consulta-tion services, when coupled with an effective en-forcement program, expand employee protection tohelp meet the goals of the OSH Act. The three levelsof VPP are Star, Merit, and Demonstration designed to

recognize outstanding achievements by companiesthat have successfully incorporated comprehensivesafety and health programs into their total manage-ment system. The VPPs motivate others to achieveexcellent safety and health results in the same out-standing way as they establish a cooperative relation-ship between employers, employees and OSHA.

For additional information on VPP and how toapply, contact the OSHA regional offices listed inAppendix III. B.

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM

OSHA’s Strategic Partnership Program, the newestmember of OSHA’s cooperative programs, helps en-courage, assist and recognize the efforts of partners toeliminate serious workplace hazards and achieve ahigh level of employee safety and health. WhereasOSHA’s Consultation Program and VPP entail one-on-one relationships between OSHA and individual work-sites, most strategic partnerships seek to have a broad-er impact by building cooperative relationships withgroups of employers and employees. These partner-ships are voluntary, cooperative relationships betweenOSHA, employers, employee representatives and oth-ers (e.g., trade unions, trade and professional associa-tions, universities and other government agencies).

For more information on this and other cooperativeprograms, contact your nearest OSHA office, or visitOSHA’s website at www.osha.gov

ALLIANCE PROGRAMS

The Alliance Program enables organizations commit-ted to workplace safety and health to collaboratewith OSHA to prevent injuries and illnesses in theworkplace. OSHA and the Alliance participants worktogether to reach out to, educate and lead thenation’s employers and their employees in improv-ing and advancing workplace safety and health.

Groups that can form an Alliance with OSHA in-clude employers, labor unions, trade or professionalgroups, educational institutions and government agen-cies. In some cases, organizations may be building onexisting relationships with OSHA that were developedthrough other cooperative programs.

There are few formal program requirements forAlliances and the agreements do not include an en-forcement component. However, OSHA and the partici-pating organizations must define, implement and meet

a set of short- and long-term goals that fall into threecategories: training and education; outreach and com-munication; and promoting the national dialogue onworkplace safety and health.

OSHA TRAINING AND EDUCATION

OSHA area offices offer a variety of information servic-es, such as compliance assistance, technical advice,publications, audiovisual aids and speakers for specialengagements. OSHA’s Training Institute in ArlingtonHeights, IL, provides basic and advanced courses insafety and health for Federal and state compliance offi-cers, state consultants, Federal agency personnel, andprivate sector employers, employees and their repre-sentatives.

The OSHA Training Institute also has establishedOSHA Training Institute Education Centers to addressthe increased demand for its courses from the privatesector and from other Federal agencies. These centersare nonprofit colleges, universities and other organiza-tions that have been selected after a competition forparticipation in the program.

OSHA also provides funds to nonprofit organiza-tions, through grants, to conduct workplace trainingand education in subjects where OSHA believes thereis a lack of workplace training. Grants are awardedannually. Grant recipients are expected to contribute20 percent of the total grant cost.

For more information on grants, training and edu-cation, contact the OSHA Training Institute, Office ofTraining and Education, 2020 South Arlington HeightsRoad, Arlington Heights, IL 60005, (847) 297-4810 orsee “Outreach” on OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.For further information on any OSHA program, contactyour nearest OSHA area or regional office listed at theend of this publication.

INFORMATION AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY

OSHA has a variety of materials and tools available onits website at www.osha.gov. These include e-Toolssuch as Expert Advisors, Electronic ComplianceAssistance Tools (e-cats), Technical Links; regulations,directives and publications; videos and other informa-tion for employers and employees. OSHA’s softwareprograms and compliance assistance tools walk youthrough challenging safety and health issues and com-mon problems to find the best solutions for your work-place.

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A wide variety of OSHA materials, including stan-dards, interpretations, directives, and more, can bepurchased on CD-ROM from the U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Superintendent of Documents, phonetoll-free (866) 512-1800.

OSHA PUBLICATIONS

OSHA has an extensive publications program. For alisting of free or sales items, visit OSHA’s website atwww.osha.gov or contact the OSHA PublicationsOffice, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 ConstitutionAvenue, NW, N-3101, Washington, DC 20210.Telephone (202) 693-1888 or fax to (202) 693-2498.

CONTACTING OSHA

To report an emergency, file a complaint or seek OSHAadvice, assistance or products, call (800) 321-OSHA orcontact your nearest OSHA regional or area office list-ed in Appendix III. The teletypewriter (TTY) number is(877) 889-5627.

You can also file a complaint online and obtainmore information on OSHA Federal and state pro-grams by visiting OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov



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GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARD

§1910.1026 Chromium (VI)

(a) SCOPE.(1) This standard applies to occupational expo-

sures to chromium (VI) in all forms and compounds ingeneral industry, except:

(2) Exposures that occur in the application of pesti-cides regulated by the Environmental ProtectionAgency or another Federal government agency (e.g.,the treatment of wood with preservatives);

(3) Exposures to portland cement; or

(4) Where the employer has objective data demon-strating that a material containing chromium or a spe-cific process, operation, or activity involving chromiumcannot release dusts, fumes, or mists of chromium(VI) in concentrations at or above 0.5 µg/m3 as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) under any expect-ed conditions of use.

(b) DEFINITIONS.For the purposes of this section the following defini-tions apply:

Action level means a concentration of airbornechromium (VI) of 2.5 micrograms per cubic meter ofair (2.5 µg/m3) calculated as an 8-hour time-weightedaverage (TWA).

Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretaryof Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.Department of Labor, or designee.

Chromium (VI) [hexavalent chromium or Cr(VI)]

means chromium with a valence of positive six, in anyform and in any compound.

Director means the Director of the NationalInstitute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ordesignee.

Emergency means any occurrence that results, oris likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of chromi-um (VI). If an incidental release of chromium (VI) canbe controlled at the time of release by employees inthe immediate release area, or by maintenance per-sonnel, it is not an emergency.

Employee exposure means the exposure to air-borne chromium (VI) that would occur if the employeewere not using a respirator.

High-efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filter means afilter that is at least 99.97 percent efficient in removingmono-dispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diam-eter or larger.

Historical monitoring data means data fromchromium (VI) monitoring conducted prior to May 30,2006, obtained during work operations conductedunder workplace conditions closely resembling theprocesses, types of material, control methods, workpractices, and environmental conditions in the em-ployer’s current operations.

Objective data means information such as airmonitoring data from industry-wide surveys or calcu-lations based on the composition or chemical andphysical properties of a substance demonstrating theemployee exposure to chromium (VI) associated witha particular product or material or a specific process,operation, or activity. The data must reflect workplaceconditions closely resembling the processes, types ofmaterial, control methods, work practices, and envi-ronmental conditions in the employer’s current opera-tions.

Physician or other licensed health care profession-

al [PLHCP] is an individual whose legally permittedscope of practice (i.e., license, registration, or certifica-tion) allows him or her to independently provide or bedelegated the responsibility to provide some or all ofthe particular health care services required by para-graph (k) of this section.

Regulated area means an area, demarcated by theemployer, where an employee’s exposure to airborneconcentrations of chromium (VI) exceeds, or can rea-sonably be expected to exceed, the PEL.

This section means this 1910.1026 chromium (VI)standard.

(c) PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL).The employer shall ensure that no employee isexposed to an airborne concentration of chromium(VI) in excess of 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air(5 µg/m3), calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted aver-age (TWA).

(d) EXPOSURE DETERMINATION.(1) General. Each employer who has a workplace

or work operation covered by this section shall deter-mine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee

Appendix I: OSHA Cr(VI) Standards

22




23

exposed to chromium (VI). This determination shall bemade in accordance with either paragraph (d)(2) orparagraph (d)(3) of this section.

(2) Scheduled monitoring option.

(i) The employer shall perform initial monitoring todetermine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employ-ee on the basis of a sufficient number of personalbreathing zone air samples to accurately characterizefull shift exposure on each shift, for each job classifi-cation, in each work area. Where an employer doesrepresentative sampling instead of sampling allemployees in order to meet this requirement, theemployer shall sample the employee(s) expected tohave the highest chromium (VI) exposures.

(ii) If initial monitoring indicates that employeeexposures are below the action level, the employermay discontinue monitoring for those employeeswhose exposures are represented by such monitoring.

(iii) If monitoring reveals employee exposures tobe at or above the action level, the employer shallperform periodic monitoring at least every sixmonths.

(iv) If monitoring reveals employee exposures tobe above the PEL, the employer shall perform periodicmonitoring at least every three months.

(v) If periodic monitoring indicates that employeeexposures are below the action level, and the result isconfirmed by the result of another monitoring taken atleast seven days later, the employer may discontinuethe monitoring for those employees whose exposuresare represented by such monitoring.

(vi) The employer shall perform additional moni-toring when there has been any change in the produc-tion process, raw materials, equipment, personnel,work practices, or control methods that may result innew or additional exposures to chromium (VI), orwhen the employer has any reason to believe thatnew or additional exposures have occurred.

(3) Performance-oriented option. The employershall determine the 8-hour TWA exposure for eachemployee on the basis of any combination of air mon-itoring data, historical monitoring data, or objectivedata sufficient to accurately characterize employeeexposure to chromium (VI).

(4) Employee notification of determination results.

(i) Where the exposure determination indicatesthat employee exposure exceeds the PEL, within 15working days the employer shall either post the re-sults in an appropriate location that is accessible to allaffected employees or shall notify each affected

employee individually in writing of the results.

(ii) Whenever the exposure determination indicatesthat employee exposure is above the PEL, the em-ployer shall describe in the written notification thecorrective action being taken to reduce employeeexposure to or below the PEL.

(5) Accuracy of measurement. Where air monitor-ing is performed to comply with the requirements ofthis section, the employer shall use a method of mon-itoring and analysis that can measure chromium (VI)to within an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent (+/-25%) and can produce accurate measurements towithin a statistical confidence level of 95 percent forairborne concentrations at or above the action level.

(6) Observation of monitoring.

(i) Where air monitoring is performed to complywith the requirements of this section, the employershall provide affected employees or their designatedrepresentatives an opportunity to observe any moni-toring of employee exposure to chromium (VI).

(ii) When observation of monitoring requires entryinto an area where the use of protective clothing orequipment is required, the employer shall provide theobserver with clothing and equipment and shallassure that the observer uses such clothing andequipment and complies with all other applicablesafety and health procedures.

(e) REGULATED AREAS.(1) Establishment. The employer shall establish a

regulated area wherever an employee’s exposure toairborne concentrations of chromium (VI) is, or canreasonably be expected to be, in excess of the PEL.

(2) Demarcation. The employer shall ensure thatregulated areas are demarcated from the rest of theworkplace in a manner that adequately establishesand alerts employees of the boundaries of the regulat-ed area.

(3) Access. The employer shall limit access to regu-lated areas to:

(i) Persons authorized by the employer and requir-ed by work duties to be present in the regulated area;

(ii) Any person entering such an area as a desig-nated representative of employees for the purpose ofexercising the right to observe monitoring proceduresunder paragraph (d) of this section; or

(iii) Any person authorized by the OccupationalSafety and Health Act or regulations issued under it tobe in a regulated area.

(f) METHODS OF COMPLIANCE.(1) Engineering and work practice controls.

(i) Except as permitted in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) andparagraph (f)(1)(iii) of this section, the employer shalluse engineering and work practice controls to reduceand maintain employee exposure to chromium (VI) toor below the PEL unless the employer can demon-strate that such controls are not feasible. Whereverfeasible engineering and work practice controls arenot sufficient to reduce employee exposure to orbelow the PEL, the employer shall use them to reduceemployee exposure to the lowest levels achievable,and shall supplement them by the use of respiratoryprotection that complies with the requirements ofparagraph (g) of this section.

(ii) Where painting of aircraft or large aircraft partsis performed in the aerospace industry, the employershall use engineering and work practice controls toreduce and maintain employee exposure to chromium(VI) to or below 25 µg/m3 unless the employer candemonstrate that such controls are not feasible. Theemployer shall supplement such engineering andwork practice controls with the use of respiratory pro-tection that complies with the requirements of para-graph (g) of this section to achieve the PEL.

(iii) Where the employer can demonstrate that aprocess or task does not result in any employee expo-sure to chromium (VI) above the PEL for 30 or moredays per year (12 consecutive months), the require-ment to implement engineering and work practicecontrols to achieve the PEL does not apply to thatprocess or task.

(2) Prohibition of rotation. The employer shall notrotate employees to different jobs to achieve compli-ance with the PEL.

(g) RESPIRATORY PROTECTION.(1) General. The employer shall provide respiratory

protection for employees during:

(i) Periods necessary to install or implement feasi-ble engineering and work practice controls;

(ii) Work operations, such as maintenance and re-pair activities, for which engineering and work prac-tice controls are not feasible;

(iii) Work operations for which an employer hasimplemented all feasible engineering and work prac-tice controls and such controls are not sufficient toreduce exposures to or below the PEL;

(iv) Work operations where employees are ex-posed above the PEL for fewer than 30 days per year,

and the employer has elected not to implement engi-neering and work practice controls to achieve the PEL;or

(v) Emergencies.

(2) Respiratory protection program. Where respira-tor use is required by this section, the employer shallinstitute a respiratory protection program in accor-dance with 29 CFR 1910.134.

(h) PROTECTIVE WORK CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT.

(1) Provision and use. Where a hazard is present oris likely to be present from skin or eye contact withchromium (VI), the employer shall provide appropriatepersonal protective clothing and equipment at no costto employees, and shall ensure that employees usesuch clothing and equipment.

(2) Removal and storage.

(i) The employer shall ensure that employees re-move all protective clothing and equipment contami-nated with chromium (VI) at the end of the work shiftor at the completion of their tasks involving chromium(VI) exposure, whichever comes first.

(ii) The employer shall ensure that no employeeremoves chromium (VI)-contaminated protectiveclothing or equipment from the workplace, except forthose employees whose job it is to launder, clean,maintain, or dispose of such clothing or equipment.

(iii) When contaminated protective clothing orequipment is removed for laundering, cleaning, main-tenance, or disposal, the employer shall ensure that itis stored and transported in sealed, impermeablebags or other closed, impermeable containers.

(iv) Bags or containers of contaminated protectiveclothing or equipment that are removed from changerooms for laundering, cleaning, maintenance, or disposal shall be labeled in accordance with the re-quirements of the Hazard Communication standard,(29 CFR 1910.1200).

(3) Cleaning and replacement.

(i) The employer shall clean, launder, repair andreplace all protective clothing and equipment requiredby this section as needed to maintain its effectiveness.

(ii) The employer shall prohibit the removal ofchromium (VI) from protective clothing and equip-ment by blowing, shaking, or any other means thatdisperses chromium (VI) into the air or onto an em-ployee’s body.

(iii) The employer shall inform any person wholaunders or cleans protective clothing or equipment

24




25

contaminated with chromium (VI) of the potentiallyharmful effects of exposure to chromium (VI) and thatthe clothing and equipment should be laundered orcleaned in a manner that minimizes skin or eye con-tact with chromium (VI) and effectively prevents therelease of airborne chromium (VI) in excess of the PEL.

(i) HYGIENE AREAS AND PRACTICES.(1) General. Where protective clothing and equip-

ment is required, the employer shall provide changerooms in conformance with 29 CFR 1910.141. Whereskin contact with chromium (VI) occurs, the employershall provide washing facilities in conformance with29 CFR 1910.141. Eating and drinking areas providedby the employer shall also be in conformance with§1910.141.

(2) Change rooms. The employer shall assure thatchange rooms are equipped with separate storagefacilities for protective clothing and equipment and forstreet clothes, and that these facilities prevent cross-contamination.

(3) Washing facilities.

(i) The employer shall provide readily accessiblewashing facilities capable of removing chromium (VI)from the skin, and shall ensure that affected employ-ees use these facilities when necessary.

(ii) The employer shall ensure that employees whohave skin contact with chromium (VI) wash theirhands and faces at the end of the work shift and priorto eating, drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco orgum, applying cosmetics, or using the toilet.

(4) Eating and drinking areas.

(i) Whenever the employer allows employees toconsume food or beverages at a worksite wherechromium (VI) is present, the employer shall ensurethat eating and drinking areas and surfaces are main-tained as free as practicable of chromium (VI).

(ii) The employer shall ensure that employees donot enter eating and drinking areas with protectivework clothing or equipment unless surface chromium(VI) has been removed from the clothing and equip-ment by methods that do not disperse chromium (VI)into the air or onto an employee’s body.

(5) Prohibited activities. The employer shall ensurethat employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobac-co or gum, or apply cosmetics in regulated areas, orin areas where skin or eye contact with chromium (VI)occurs; or carry the products associated with theseactivities, or store such products in these areas.

(j) HOUSEKEEPING. (1) General. The employer shall ensure that:

(i) All surfaces are maintained as free as practica-ble of accumulations of chromium (VI).

(ii) All spills and releases of chromium (VI) contain-ing material are cleaned up promptly.

(2) Cleaning methods.

(i) The employer shall ensure that surfaces con-taminated with chromium (VI) are cleaned by HEPA-filter vacuuming or other methods that minimize thelikelihood of exposure to chromium (VI).

(ii) Dry shoveling, dry sweeping, and dry brushingmay be used only where HEPA-filtered vacuuming orother methods that minimize the likelihood of expo-sure to chromium (VI) have been tried and found notto be effective.

(iii) The employer shall not allow compressed airto be used to remove chromium (VI) from any surfaceunless:

(A) The compressed air is used in conjunction witha ventilation system designed to capture the dustcloud created by the compressed air; or

(B) No alternative method is feasible.

(iv) The employer shall ensure that cleaning equip-ment is handled in a manner that minimizes the reen-try of chromium (VI) into the workplace.

(3) Disposal. The employer shall ensure that:

(i) Waste, scrap, debris, and any other materialscontaminated with chromium (VI) and consigned fordisposal are collected and disposed of in sealed, im-permeable bags or other closed, impermeable con-tainers.

(ii) Bags or containers of waste, scrap, debris, andany other materials contaminated with chromium (VI)that are consigned for disposal are labeled in accor-dance with the requirements of the Hazard Com-munication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).

(k) MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE.(1) General.

(i) The employer shall make medical surveillanceavailable at no cost to the employee, and at a reason-able time and place, for all employees:

(A) Who are or may be occupationally exposed tochromium (VI) at or above the action level for 30 ormore days a year;

(B) Experiencing signs or symptoms of the adversehealth effects associated with chromium (VI) expo-sure; or

(C) Exposed in an emergency.

(ii) The employer shall assure that all medicalexaminations and procedures required by this sectionare performed by or under the supervision of aPLHCP.

(2) Frequency. The employer shall provide a med-ical examination:

(i) Within 30 days after initial assignment, unlessthe employee has received a chromium (VI) relatedmedical examination that meets the requirements ofthis paragraph within the last twelve months;

(ii) Annually;

(iii) Within 30 days after a PLHCP’s written medicalopinion recommends an additional examination;

(iv) Whenever an employee shows signs or symp-toms of the adverse health effects associated withchromium (VI) exposure;

(v) Within 30 days after exposure during an emer-gency which results in an uncontrolled release ofchromium (VI); or

(vi) At the termination of employment, unless thelast examination that satisfied the requirements ofparagraph (k) of this section was less than six monthsprior to the date of termination.

(3) Contents of examination. A medical examina-tion consists of:

(i) A medical and work history, with emphasis on:past, present, and anticipated future exposure tochromium (VI); any history of respiratory system dys-function; any history of asthma, dermatitis, skin ulcer-ation, or nasal septum perforation; and smoking statusand history;

(ii) A physical examination of the skin and respira-tory tract; and

(iii) Any additional tests deemed appropriate bythe examining PLHCP.

(4) Information provided to the PLHCP. The em-ployer shall ensure that the examining PLHCP has acopy of this standard, and shall provide the followinginformation:

(i) A description of the affected employee’s former,current, and anticipated duties as they relate to theemployee’s occupational exposure to chromium (VI);

(ii) The employee’s former, current, and anticipatedlevels of occupational exposure to chromium (VI);

(iii) A description of any personal protective equip-ment used or to be used by the employee, includingwhen and for how long the employee has used thatequipment; and

(iv) Information from records of employment-relat-ed medical examinations previously provided to theaffected employee, currently within the control of theemployer.

(5) PLHCP’s written medical opinion.

(i) The employer shall obtain a written medicalopinion from the PLHCP, within 30 days for each med-ical examination performed on each employee, whichcontains:

(A) The PLHCP’s opinion as to whether the employ-ee has any detected medical condition(s) thatwould place the employee at increased risk ofmaterial impairment to health from further expo-sure to chromium (VI);

(B) Any recommended limitations upon the em-ployee’s exposure to chromium (VI) or upon theuse of personal protective equipment such as res-pirators;

(C) A statement that the PLHCP has explained tothe employee the results of the medical examina-tion, including any medical conditions related tochromium (VI) exposure that require further evalu-ation or treatment, and any special provisions foruse of protective clothing or equipment.

(ii) The PLHCP shall not reveal to the employerspecific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupa-tional exposure to chromium (VI).

(iii) The employer shall provide a copy of thePLHCP’s written medical opinion to the examinedemployee within two weeks after receiving it.

(l) COMMUNICATION OF CHROMIUM (VI) HAZARDS TO EMPLOYEES.

(1) General. In addition to the requirements of theHazard Communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200),employers shall comply with the following require-ments.

(2) Employee information and training.

(i) The employer shall ensure that each employeecan demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:

(A) The contents of this section; and

(B) The purpose and a description of the medicalsurveillance program required by paragraph (k) ofthis section.

(ii) The employer shall make a copy of this sectionreadily available without cost to all affected employ-ees.

26




27

(m) RECORDKEEPING.(1) Air monitoring data.

(i) The employer shall maintain an accurate recordof all air monitoring conducted to comply with therequirements of this section.

(ii) This record shall include at least the followinginformation:

(A) The date of measurement for each sample taken;

(B) The operation involving exposure to chromium(VI) that is being monitored;

(C) Sampling and analytical methods used and evi-dence of their accuracy;

(D) Number, duration, and the results of samplestaken;

(E) Type of personal protective equipment, such asrespirators worn; and

(F) Name, social security number, and job classifi-cation of all employees represented by the moni-toring, indicating which employees were actuallymonitored.

(iii) The employer shall ensure that exposurerecords are maintained and made available in accor-dance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.

(2) Historical monitoring data.

(i) Where the employer has relied on historicalmonitoring data to determine exposure to chromium(VI), the employer shall establish and maintain an accu-rate record of the historical monitoring data relied upon.

(ii) The record shall include information thatreflects the following conditions:

(A) The data were collected using methods thatmeet the accuracy requirements of paragraph(d)(5) of this section;

(B) The processes and work practices that were inuse when the historical monitoring data wereobtained are essentially the same as those to beused during the job for which exposure is beingdetermined;

(C) The characteristics of the chromium (VI) con-taining material being handled when the historicalmonitoring data were obtained are the same asthose on the job for which exposure is being deter-mined;

(D) Environmental conditions prevailing when thehistorical monitoring data were obtained are thesame as those on the job for which exposure isbeing determined; and

(E) Other data relevant to the operations, materials,processing, or employee exposures covered by theexception.

(iii) The employer shall ensure that historical expo-sure records are maintained and made available inaccordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.

(3) Objective data.

(i) The employer shall maintain an accurate recordof all objective data relied upon to comply with therequirements of this section.


(A) The chromium containing material in question;

(B) The source of the objective data;

(C) The testing protocol and results of testing, oranalysis of the material for the release of chromi-um (VI);

(D) A description of the process, operation, oractivity and how the data support the determina-tion; and

(E) Other data relevant to the process, operation,activity, material, or employee exposures.

(iii) The employer shall ensure that objective dataare maintained and made available in accordancewith 29 CFR 1910.1020.

(4) Medical surveillance.

(i) The employer shall establish and maintain anaccurate record for each employee covered by med-ical surveillance under paragraph (k) of this section.

(ii) The record shall include the following informa-tion about the employee:

(A) Name and social security number;

(B) A copy of the PLHCP’s written opinions;

(C) A copy of the information provided to thePLHCP as required by paragraph (k)(4) of this section.

(iii) The employer shall ensure that medical rec-ords are maintained and made available in accor-dance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.

(n) DATES.(1) For employers with 20 or more employees, all

obligations of this section, except engineering con-trols required by paragraph (f) of this section, com-mence November 27, 2006.

(2) For employers with 19 or fewer employees, allobligations of this section, except engineering con-trols required by paragraph (f) of this section, com-mence May 30, 2007.

(3) For all employers, engineering controls re-quired by paragraph (f) of this section shall be imple-mented no later than May 31, 2010.

SHIPYARDS STANDARD



sures to chromium (VI) in all forms and compounds inshipyards, marine terminals, and longshoring, except:












High-efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filter means afilter that is at least 99.97 percent efficient in removing

mono-dispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diam-eter or larger.

Historical monitoring data means data fromchromium (VI) monitoring conducted prior to May 30,2006, obtained during work operations conductedunder workplace conditions closely resembling theprocesses, types of material, control methods, workpractices, and environmental conditions in the em-ployer’s current operations.



al [PLHCP] is an individual whose legally permittedscope of practice (i.e., license, registration, or certifica-tion) allows him or her to independently provide or bedelegated the responsibility to provide some or all ofthe particular health care services required by para-graph (i) of this section.


(c) PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL).The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposedto an airborne concentration of chromium (VI) in excessof 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (5 µg/m3), calcu-lated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA).


or work operation covered by this section shall deter-mine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employeeexposed to chromium (VI). This determination shall bemade in accordance with either paragraph (d)(2) orparagraph (d)(3) of this section.


(i) The employer shall perform initial monitoring todetermine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employ-ee on the basis of a sufficient number of personalbreathing zone air samples to accurately characterizefull shift exposure on each shift, for each job classifi-cation, in each work area. Where an employer does

28




29

representative sampling instead of sampling allemployees in order to meet this requirement, theemployer shall sample the employee(s) expected tohave the highest chromium (VI) exposures.

(ii) If initial monitoring indicates that employeeexposures are below the action level, the employermay discontinue monitoring for those employeeswhose exposures are represented by such monitor-ing.







(i) Where the exposure determination indicatesthat employee exposure exceeds the PEL, as soon aspossible but not more than 5 working days later theemployer shall either post the results in an appropri-ate location that is accessible to all affected employ-ees or shall notify each affected employee individuallyin writing of the results.

(ii) Whenever the exposure determination indicatesthat employee exposure is above the PEL, the em-ployer shall describe in the written notification thecorrective action being taken to reduce employeeexposure to or below the PEL.

(5) Accuracy of measurement. Where air monitor-ing is performed to comply with the requirements of

this section, the employer shall use a method of mon-itoring and analysis that can measure chromium (VI)to within an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent (+/-25%) and can produce accurate measurements towithin a statistical confidence level of 95 percent forairborne concentrations at or above the action level.




(e) METHODS OF COMPLIANCE.(1) Engineering and work practice controls.

(i) Except as permitted in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of thissection, the employer shall use engineering and workpractice controls to reduce and maintain employeeexposure to chromium (VI) to or below the PEL unlessthe employer can demonstrate that such controls arenot feasible. Wherever feasible engineering and workpractice controls are not sufficient to reduce employeeexposure to or below the PEL, the employer shall usethem to reduce employee exposure to the lowest lev-els achievable, and shall supplement them by the useof respiratory protection that complies with the re-quirements of paragraph (f) of this section.

(ii) Where the employer can demonstrate that aprocess or task does not result in any employee expo-sure to chromium (VI) above the PEL for 30 or moredays per year (12 consecutive months), the require-ment to implement engineering and work practicecontrols to achieve the PEL does not apply to thatprocess or task.


(f) RESPIRATORY PROTECTION.(1) General. The employer shall provide respirato-

ry protection for employees during:


(ii) Work operations, such as maintenance and re-pair activities, for which engineering and work prac-tice controls are not feasible;


(iv) Work operations where employees are ex-posed above the PEL for fewer than 30 days per year,and the employer has elected not to implement engi-neering and work practice controls to achieve the PEL;or

(v) Emergencies.


(g) PROTECTIVE WORK CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT.






(iv) Bags or containers of contaminated protectiveclothing or equipment that are removed from changerooms for laundering, cleaning, maintenance, or disposal shall be labeled in accordance with the re-quirements of the Hazard Communication standard(29 CFR 1910.1200).


(i) The employer shall clean, launder, repair and

replace all protective clothing and equipment requiredby this section as needed to maintain its effectiveness.

(ii) The employer shall prohibit the removal ofchromium (VI) from protective clothing and equip-ment by blowing, shaking, or any other means thatdisperses chromium (VI) into the air or onto anemployee’s body.

(iii) The employer shall inform any person wholaunders or cleans protective clothing or equipmentcontaminated with chromium (VI) of the potentiallyharmful effects of exposure to chromium (VI) and thatthe clothing and equipment should be laundered orcleaned in a manner that minimizes skin or eye con-tact with chromium (VI) and effectively prevents therelease of airborne chromium (VI) in excess of the PEL.

(h) HYGIENE AREAS AND PRACTICES.(1) General. Where protective clothing and equip-








(ii) The employer shall ensure that employees donot enter eating and drinking areas with protectivework clothing or equipment unless surface chromium(VI) has been removed from the clothing and equip-

30




31

ment by methods that do not disperse chromium (VI)into the air or onto an employee’s body.

(5) Prohibited activities. The employer shall ensurethat employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobac-co or gum, or apply cosmetics in areas where skin oreye contact with chromium (VI) occurs; or carry theproducts associated with these activities, or store suchproducts in these areas.

(i) MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE.(1) General.





(ii) The employer shall assure that all medical ex-aminations and procedures required by this sectionare performed by or under the supervision of aPLHCP.



(ii) Annually;




(vi) At the termination of employment, unless thelast examination that satisfied the requirements ofparagraph (i) of this section was less than six monthsprior to the date of termination.


(i) A medical and work history, with emphasis on:past, present, and anticipated future exposure tochromium (VI); any history of respiratory system dys-

function; any history of asthma, dermatitis, skin ulcer-ation, or nasal septum perforation; and smoking sta-tus and history;















(j) COMMUNICATION OF CHROMIUM (VI) HAZARDS TO EMPLOYEES.

(1) General. In addition to the requirements of theHazard Communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)employers shall comply with the following require-ments.




(B) The purpose and a description of the medicalsurveillance program required by paragraph (i) ofthis section.

(ii) The employer shall make a copy of this sectionreadily available without cost to all affected employees.

(k) RECORDKEEPING.(1) Air monitoring data.



(A) The date of measurement for each sampletaken;

(b) The operation involving exposure to chromium(VI) that is being monitored;





(iii) The employer shall ensure that exposure rec-ords are maintained and made available in accor-dance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.


(i) Where the employer has relied on historicalmonitoring data to determine exposure to chromium(VI), the employer shall establish and maintain anaccurate record of the historical monitoring data reliedupon.

(ii) The record shall include information that re-flects the following conditions:







(3) Objective data.










(i) The employer shall establish and maintain anaccurate record for each employee covered by med-ical surveillance under paragraph (i) of this section.

(ii) The record shall include the following informa-tion about the employee:


32




33


(C) A copy of the information provided to thePLHCP as required by paragraph (i)(4) of this section.

(iii) The employer shall ensure that medical re-cords are maintained and made available in accor-dance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.

(l) DATES.(1) For employers with 20 or more employees, all

obligations of this section, except engineering con-

trols required by paragraph (e) of this section, com-mence November 27, 2006.

(2) For employers with 19 or fewer employees, allobligations of this section, except engineering con-trols required by paragraph (e) of this section, com-mence May 30, 2007.

(3) For all employers, engineering controls re-quired by paragraph (e) of this section shall be imple-mented no later than May 31, 2010.

CONSTRUCTION STANDARD



sures to chromium (VI) in all forms and compounds inconstruction, except:












High-efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filter means afilter that is at least 99.97 percent efficient in removing

mono-dispersed particles of 0.3 micrometers in diam-eter or larger.

Historical monitoring data means data fromchromium (VI) monitoring conducted prior to May 30,2006, obtained during work operations conductedunder workplace conditions closely resembling theprocesses, types of material, control methods, workpractices, and environmental conditions in theemployer’s current operations.



al [PLHCP] is an individual whose legally permittedscope of practice (i.e., license, registration, or certifica-tion) allows him or her to independently provide or bedelegated the responsibility to provide some or all ofthe particular health care services required by para-graph (i) of this section.


(c) PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL).The employer shall ensure that no employee is ex-posed to an airborne concentration of chromium (VI)in excess of 5 micrograms per cubic meter of air (5µg/m3), calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average(TWA).


or work operation covered by this section shall deter-mine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employeeexposed to chromium (VI). This determination shall bemade in accordance with either paragraph (d)(2) orparagraph (d)(3) of this section.


(i) The employer shall perform initial monitoring todetermine the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employ-ee on the basis of a sufficient number of personalbreathing zone air samples to accurately characterizefull shift exposure on each shift, for each job classifi-

34


cation, in each work area. Where an employer doesrepresentative sampling instead of sampling allemployees in order to meet this requirement, theemployer shall sample the employee(s) expected tohave the highest chromium (VI) exposures.

(ii) If initial monitoring indicates that employeeexposures are below the action level, the employermay discontinue monitoring for those employeeswhose exposures are represented by such monitoring.







(i) Where the exposure determination indicatesthat employee exposure exceeds the PEL, as soon aspossible but not more than 5 working days later theemployer shall either post the results in an appropri-ate location that is accessible to all affected employ-ees or shall notify each affected employee individuallyin writing of the results.

(ii) Whenever the exposure determination indicatesthat employee exposure is above the PEL, the em-ployer shall describe in the written notification thecorrective action being taken to reduce employee ex-posure to or below the PEL.

(5) Accuracy of measurement. Where air monitor-ing is performed to comply with the requirements of

this section, the employer shall use a method of mon-itoring and analysis that can measure chromium (VI)to within an accuracy of plus or minus 25 percent (+/-25%) and can produce accurate measurements towithin a statistical confidence level of 95 percent forairborne concentrations at or above the action level.




(e) METHODS OF COMPLIANCE.(1) Engineering and work practice controls.

(i) Except as permitted in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of thissection, the employer shall use engineering and workpractice controls to reduce and maintain employeeexposure to chromium (VI) to or below the PEL unlessthe employer can demonstrate that such controls arenot feasible. Wherever feasible engineering and workpractice controls are not sufficient to reduce employeeexposure to or below the PEL, the employer shall usethem to reduce employee exposure to the lowest lev-els achievable, and shall supplement them by the useof respiratory protection that complies with the re-quirements of paragraph (f) of this section.

(ii) Where the employer can demonstrate that aprocess or task does not result in any employee expo-sure to chromium (VI) above the PEL for 30 or moredays per year (12 consecutive months), the require-ment to implement engineering and work practicecontrols to achieve the PEL does not apply to thatprocess or task.


(f) RESPIRATORY PROTECTION.(1) General. The employer shall provide respirato-

ry protection for employees during:




35

(ii) Work operations, such as maintenance andrepair activities, for which engineering and work prac-tice controls are not feasible;


(iv) Work operations where employees are ex-posed above the PEL for fewer than 30 days per year,and the employer has elected not to implement engi-neering and work practice controls to achieve the PEL;or

(v) Emergencies.


(g) PROTECTIVE WORK CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT.






(iv) Bags or containers of contaminated protectiveclothing or equipment that are removed from changerooms for laundering, cleaning, maintenance, or disposal shall be labeled in accordance with the re-quirements of the Hazard Communication standard(29 CFR 1910.1200).


(i) The employer shall clean, launder, repair and

replace all protective clothing and equipment requiredby this section as needed to maintain its effectiveness.

(ii) The employer shall prohibit the removal ofchromium (VI) from protective clothing and equip-ment by blowing, shaking, or any other means thatdisperses chromium (VI) into the air or onto an em-ployee’s body.

(iii) The employer shall inform any person wholaunders or cleans protective clothing or equipmentcontaminated with chromium (VI) of the potentiallyharmful effects of exposure to chromium (VI) and thatthe clothing and equipment should be laundered orcleaned in a manner that minimizes skin or eye con-tact with chromium (VI) and effectively prevents therelease of airborne chromium (VI) in excess of the PEL.

(h) HYGIENE AREAS AND PRACTICES.(1) General. Where protective clothing and equip-








(ii) The employer shall ensure that employees donot enter eating and drinking areas with protectivework clothing or equipment unless surface chromium(VI) has been removed from the clothing and equip-

36


ment by methods that do not disperse chromium (VI)into the air or onto an employee’s body.

(5) Prohibited activities. The employer shall ensurethat employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobac-co or gum, or apply cosmetics in areas where skin oreye contact with chromium (VI) occurs; or carry theproducts associated with these activities, or store suchproducts in these areas.

(i) MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE.(1) General.





(ii) The employer shall assure that all medical ex-aminations and procedures required by this sectionare performed by or under the supervision of aPLHCP.



(ii) Annually;




(vi) At the termination of employment, unless thelast examination that satisfied the requirements ofparagraph (i) of this section was less than six monthsprior to the date of termination.


(i) A medical and work history, with emphasis on:past, present, and anticipated future exposure tochromium (VI); any history of respiratory system dys-

function; any history of asthma, dermatitis, skin ulcer-ation, or nasal septum perforation; and smoking sta-tus and history;

















37

(j) COMMUNICATION OF CHROMIUM (VI) HAZARDS TO EMPLOYEES.

(1) General. In addition to the requirements of theHazard Communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)employers shall comply with the following require-ments.




(B) The purpose and a description of the medicalsurveillance program required by paragraph (i) ofthis section.

(ii) The employer shall make a copy of this sec-tion readily available without cost to all affectedemployees.

(k) RECORDKEEPING.(1) Air monitoring data.



(A) The date of measurement for each sampletaken;

(B) The operation involving exposure to chromium(VI) that is being monitored;





(iii) The employer shall ensure that exposure rec-ords are maintained and made available in accor-dance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.


(i) Where the employer has relied on historicalmonitoring data to determine exposure to chromium(VI), the employer shall establish and maintain anaccurate record of the historical monitoring data reliedupon.

(ii) The record shall include information that reflects

the following conditions:







(3) Objective data.










(i) The employer shall establish and maintain anaccurate record for each employee covered by med-ical surveillance under paragraph (i) of this section.

(ii) The record shall include the following informa-

38


tion about the employee:



(C) A copy of the information provided to thePLHCP as required by paragraph (i)(4) of this sec-tion.

(iii) The employer shall ensure that medical rec-ords are maintained and made available in accor-dance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.

(l) DATES.(1) For employers with 20 or more employees, all

obligations of this section, except engineering con-

trols required by paragraph (e) of this section, com-mence November 27, 2006.

(2) For employers with 19 or fewer employees, allobligations of this section, except engineering con-trols required by paragraph (e) of this section, com-mence May 30, 2007.

(3) For all employers, engineering controls re-quired by paragraph (e) of this section shall be imple-mented no later than May 31, 2010.



39

This appendix identifies industry operations orprocesses associated with occupational exposure toCr(VI). For each of these sectors, a brief description ofpotential sources of Cr(VI) exposure is presented.

ELECTROPLATINGExposures to Cr(VI) can occur in hard chrome plating,decorative chrome plating, and anodizing operations.Cr(VI) exposures can also occur in chromium conver-sion coating operations. Chromium conversion is notan electroplating process but often takes place in elec-troplating shops.

Employee exposures to Cr(VI) during chrome elec-troplating and chromium conversion coating opera-tions occur as a result of the formation of chromate-containing mists and aerosols that are released fromthe chromate/chromic acid bath. Mists and aerosolscontaining Cr(VI) are released from hydrogen bubblesthat form and burst during the electroplating process.They may also be released when platers add orremove parts from the bath. Helpers may also beexposed to Cr(VI) when adding chemical agents to thebath or when disposing of chromate-containingwastewater.

WELDINGExposures to Cr(VI) can occur when welding or cuttingoperations are performed on stainless steel, othermetals containing Cr(VI), or surfaces coated withCr(VI) paint. Welding on carbon steel in confined orenclosed spaces may also result in Cr(VI) exposures.

Employee exposure to Cr(VI) is expected toincrease as the chromium content of the base materialincreases. Therefore, one would expect that expo-sures would tend to be higher for welding on stain-less steel (10 to 24% chromium) versus welding oncarbon steel (generally 3% chromium or less).However, there are other factors that can greatly affectexposures to Cr(VI) during welding operations. Thesefactors include: the type of welding process used [FluxCored Arc Welding (FCAW), Shielded Metal ArcWelding (SMAW), and Gas Metal Arc Welding(GMAW) generate the highest fume levels whileTungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Submerged Arc Welding(SAW) generate lower levels]; the environment wherewelding is taking place (exposures are lower in openspaces versus confined or other enclosed spaces); and

the composition of the filler metal, flux material orshielding gas used, which can affect the amount offume generated. Other factors can also influence theamount of fume generated. For example, increasingthe welding current and voltage tend to increase theamount of welding fume generated.

In carbon steel welding, most exposures to Cr(VI)are usually well below the PEL due to the low percent-age of chromium metal in carbon steel. Ninety per-cent (90%) of the carbon steel produced has only traceamounts of chromium. Ten percent (10%) of the car-bon steel produced contains up to 3% chromium.Carbon steel welders in confined spaces may experi-ence elevated Cr(VI) exposures, though most expo-sures will be below the PEL.

Welding a stanchion (Photo courtesy of Bath Iron Works).

PAINTINGPaints and coatings that contain Cr(VI) are applied to awide variety of structures and products. Cr(VI) paintsand coatings are also removed from structures andproducts in many situations. Both of these scenariosmay result in employee exposure to Cr(VI).

Aerospace

In the aerospace industry, employees may be exposedto Cr(VI) during painting of aircraft (exterior or interi-or) or aircraft parts, and during removal of chromate-based coatings. The primary Cr(VI)-containing productused is strontium chromate primer, which is used as acorrosion inhibitor on metal surfaces (particularly alu-

40


Appendix II: Industry Operations or Processes Associated with OccupationalExposure to Cr(VI)

minum). To a lesser extent, zinc chromate is used inprimers for corrosion protection for some products.Employees may be exposed to Cr(VI)-containingaerosols during spray painting. Spray painters mayalso be exposed during abrasive blasting, sanding,and grinding tasks. Assemblers may be exposed toCr(VI) when performing drilling, grinding, and sandingtasks.

Automotive

Cr(VI)-containing paints and primers are used in someautomotive refinishing facilities. Lead chromate pig-ments are also still used in some top coats and pre-treatments, and Cr(VI) coatings are still widely usedfor corrosion control in the undercoat. Spray paintersand technicians can be exposed to Cr(VI) when per-forming surface preparation tasks such as sanding,grinding, and abrasive blasting as well as duringspray painting activities.

Coil Coating

Coil coating is the application of surface coatings con-taining Cr(VI) to the surface of metal coil. In thisprocess, a coil (roll) of uncoated sheet metal is coatedon one or both sides. The coated metal strip is thennor-mally rewound into a coil and packaged for ship-ment or further processing. Coil coating tasks that canresult in exposure to Cr(VI) include coating transfer,coating machine operation, metal feeding operations,roll-winding operations, and maintenance operations.Maintenance personnel have the potential for dermalexposure when handling the coil coatings. Operatorscan be exposed to Cr(VI) while performing tasks formaintaining the viscosity of the coating, maintainingthe desired coating thickness, and cleaning of therollers.

Construction and Shipyards

Prior to the 1970s, exposed steel surfaces such asbridges, water towers, and industrial buildings wereoften painted with Cr(VI) primers and paints coloredwith chromate-based pigments. During the late 1970sand early 1980s, the use of Cr(VI) compounds forthese applications began to decline. Cr(VI)-containingpaints and coatings are now used very rarely in theconstruction industry. Similarly, Cr(VI) paints andprimers were once commonly used on ships andother marine vessels but are now used infrequently.

Cr(VI) exposures can occur when removing oldpaint by abrasive blasting (or infrequently by sanding,

chipping, or grinding) from structures or vessels thathave been previously painted with Cr(VI)-containingpaints or primers. Exposures can also occur in thoselimited situations where spray painting of Cr(VI)-con-taining primers and paints still occurs and duringcleanup activities.

Traffic Painting

Cr(VI)-containing paints are also used in some trafficpainting operations. There are two types of trafficpainting operations: road striping and painting ofroadside curbs and traffic islands. Both involve theuse of Cr(VI)-containing paint that is diluted withtoluene (as necessary) during painting operations.Employees are potentially exposed to Cr(VI) duringthis mixing task. Painting of roadside curbs and trafficislands typically involves use of a hand-held sprayline, which also involves potential Cr(VI) exposure.

PRODUCERS OF CHROMATES AND RELATEDCHEMICALS FROM CHROMITE OREThis industry includes facilities that produce sodiumchromate/sodium dichromate (SDC) and other relatedcompounds from chromite ore. Employees are ex-posed during production of SDC and other relatedcompounds because all of the compounds producedare Cr(VI) compounds. Process operators, packagingemployees, and maintenance employees have thegreatest potential Cr(VI) exposure.

CHROMATE PIGMENT PRODUCERSThis industry includes facilities that produce chromi-um pigments from Cr(VI) compounds such as sodiumchromate and sodium bichromate. Employees whoare potentially exposed to Cr(VI) include those whoperform drying, blending, or packaging operations;strike tank operators; maintenance employees; labor-ers; laboratory technicians; wastewater treatmentoperators; managers and supervisors; proprietaryprocess operators; and dispersion operators.

The highest exposures to Cr(VI) occur when em-ployees handle chromate materials in the dry form,which can generate airborne particles. The activitiesthat have the potential for the highest exposures aredrying, blending, and packaging. Maintenance em-ployees are exposed to residual dust that deposits onprocess equipment as well as elevated backgroundCr(VI) levels in the process area. Wastewater treat-ment operators are exposed during collection of sys-tem samples and are also exposed to elevated back-



41

ground Cr(VI) levels. Proprietary process operators areexposed to Cr(VI) from inhaling the dried material thataccumulates on conveyor surfaces. Strike tank opera-tors are subject to increased background levels of ex-posure from Cr(VI) generated during other processes.

CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA)PRODUCERSThis industry includes facilities that produce chromat-ed copper arsenate (CCA), which is used as a woodpreservative. The activities with the potential for high-est exposures are dumping drums of chromic acid(flakes) into a reactor and rinsing the inside of rail tankcars after chromic acid is unloaded. Employees mayalso be exposed to residual dust that settles on sur-faces in warehouse areas.

CHROMIUM CATALYST PRODUCERSExposures to Cr(VI) in chromium catalyst productionoccur as a result of using Cr(VI)-based raw materials(e.g., sodium bichromate), intermediate products (e.g.,sodium chromate), and final products (e.g., ammoni-um dichromate, cadmium chromate, calcium dichro-mate, chromyl chloride, copper chromate, copperdichromate, magnesium dichromate, nickel chromate,silver chromate, tetramin copper (II) chromate). Em-ployees potentially exposed to Cr(VI) include ware-house operators, maintenance personnel, screeningoperators, quality control inspectors, dry-mix operators,process control operators, control room operators,forming operators, team leaders, and floor persons.

Wet processors are potentially exposed to Cr(VI)-containing dust and mist while mixing chemicals toform a precipitate known as “striking”, while remov-ing filter cake from a filter press, when loading andoperating a dryer, and while adding Cr(VI)-containingraw materials as a dry solid or liquid solution to amixing tank. Dry process operators are potentiallyexposed to Cr(VI) when loading the calciner, whenoperating the forming machines, and when operatingthe catalyst tablet forming machines. Dry mixingoperators are potentially exposed to Cr(VI) during themanual transfer of Cr(VI)-containing raw materials.Screening operators are exposed to dust as they man-ually load the screening machine hoppers and standnext to the flat deck screen as the catalyst product isscreened. Solid waste handlers have the potential forexposure to Cr(VI) dust as they load and handle plas-tic bags with Cr(VI) contaminated waste.

PAINT AND COATINGS PRODUCERSCr(VI) exposures in the paint and coatings productionindustry result from the use of chromate pigments.Exposure to Cr(VI) is primarily from contact with drychromate pigment powders. Exposures are expectedto be lower at paint and coating production plants thatreceive the chromate pigments in slurry form (i.e., in300 gallon tote tanks or 30-55 gallon drums).

The three primary categories of employees exposedto Cr(VI) are batch makers, packagers, and shippers/receivers. Batch makers have the highest potentialexposures while opening bags of chromate pigment,handling the bags, and dumping the material. Shippers/receivers can also be exposed while handling bagscontaining pigments.

PRINTING AND INK PRODUCERSIn the past, lead chromate pigments were commonlyused in the manufacture of some printing inks. Thepigments used include chrome yellow, chromeorange, and molybdate orange. Currently, lead chro-mate pigments are seldom used in printing inks.Screenprinting ink production is the only sector of thisindustry that uses chromate-based inks. Lead chro-mate ink is used primarily for silk-screen printing onoutdoor billboards, posters and signs. Lead chromateink is also used in fabric silk screening applications.

The primary exposures in this industry occur whendry lead chromate pigments are weighed and addedto the mixer. The batch mixing operation has thepotential for the highest Cr(VI) exposures. Batchweighers are exposed to Cr(VI) while weighing theCr(VI)-containing pigments, adding ingredients to themixer, mixing the product, and disposing of the emptybags. Airborne exposures to mill operators, utilityemployees, and maintenance employees are greatlyreduced because by the time they get involved in theprocess the pigments are no longer in powder form.

PLASTIC COLORANT PRODUCERS AND USERSThis industry includes firms that produce Cr(VI)-con-taining colorants for use in plastics and companiesthat use dry Cr(VI)-containing pigments or pigmentblends in the manufacture of plastic products.Employees who are potentially exposed to Cr(VI)include dry color handlers, wet mill operators, drycolor blenders/packagers, and production supervisors.

Employee exposures to Cr(VI) in the plastic col-orant producers and users industry occur when em-ployees handle chromate materials in the dry form,

42


which generates fine airborne dust particles. Thehighest exposures occur in the production activitiesthat involve blending and packaging of Cr(VI)-contain-ing dry color colorants (single pigments or pigmentblends).

PLATING MIXTURE PRODUCERSThis industry produces plating mixtures to be used inthe electroplating process. Cr(VI) exposures in thisindustry arise from the use of chromic acid as a pri-mary ingredient in the production of plating mixtures.Plating mixtures are formulated as powders or crys-tals and are sold to facilities in the metal finishingindustry. Employees in the industry that are potential-ly exposed to Cr(VI) include:

• Mixer/blender operators- dry chrome process• Mixer/blender operators- liquid chrome process• Laboratory chemists

FERROCHROMIUM PRODUCERSThis industry uses ferrochromium to produce stainlessand heat resisting steels, welding rods, and corrosion-resistant high strength materials (i.e., superalloys).Ferrochromium is produced in high and low carbonforms. High carbon ferrochromium contains 50% to70% chromium and 4% to 10% carbon. Low carbonferrochromium contains 65% to 75% chromium andless than 1% carbon.

Many employees in this industry are potentiallyexposed to Cr(VI) including leach operators, ager oper-ators, lower cell room operators, cell assemblers, celloperators, plate hookers, plate strippers, and mill oper-ators. Leach operators are primarily exposed to Cr(VI)that escapes when the hatch of the anolyte reductionsolution tank is opened to collect samples and whenmaking adjustments to the anolyte-reduction processequipment. Ager operators are primarily exposed toCr(VI) through collection of samples from the agertanks, and through exposure to chromium solutionmist that escapes from open-top ager tanks. Cellassemblers, cell operators, and plate hookers areexposed to Cr(VI) from the anolyte solution mist thatescapes from the cell surface area that is not coveredor controlled by existing local exhaust ventilation (LEV).The lower cell room operator is exposed to backgroundlevels of Cr(VI) that escape from the electrolytic cellsduring normal operation, and during cell-cleaning oper-ations. Plate strippers are exposed to background levelsof Cr(VI) from the chromic acid bath due to their closeproximity to the plate stripping station.

STEEL MILLSIn this industry, chromium is used in steels as analloying agent to improve hardness and resistance tocorrosion, tarnish, rust, extreme temperature, bacteri-al buildup and wear. Cr(VI) alloys are added to the fur-nace just before tapping, or to the ladle as the moltenmetal is tapped.

The primary sources of Cr(VI) in this industryinclude chromium fumes from furnace operations,tapping, and teeming (pouring), and chromium-con-taining particulates from surface conditioning opera-tions. Background Cr(VI) levels in the steel mill con-tribute to the low exposures of many employees (e.g.,rolling mill operators, continuous casting operators)who do not have direct contact with molten metal orsignificant dust-emitting sources. Employees in theiron and steel producing industry who are potentiallyexposed to Cr(VI) include raw material handlers, fur-nace operators, furnace helper/laborers, crane opera-tors, continuous-casting operators, rolling mill opera-tors, steel conditioning operators, and welders.

IRON AND STEEL FOUNDRIESThis industry includes companies that produce castmetal products from steel and other metals and metalalloys. The primary source of Cr(VI) exposures in ironand steel foundries is the Cr(VI) fumes generatedwhen chromium is melted as part of the pour or whengrinding or welding the finished part. These expo-sures occur during the following operations:

• Furnace operation activities (e.g., making alloyadditions, removing slag, tapping furnaces intoladles, pouring molten metal into molds)

• Torch cutting and gouging• Welding

Employees in the iron and steel foundry industrywho are potentially exposed to Cr(VI) include molders,furnace operators, crane operators, pourers, shake-outand abrasive blasting operators, torch cutter/gougers,welders, grinding operators, and laborers. Furnaceoperators, crane operators, molders, pourers andlaborers are exposed to background Cr(VI) from elec-tric arc furnace operation, pouring, grinding and weld-ing. Grinder operators are exposed to Cr(VI) contain-ing fume and dust that is generated in the grindingprocess and escapes capture by the ventilation sys-tem.



43

Filling molds in a foundry (Photo courtesy of the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)).

CHROMIUM DYE PRODUCERS

Cr(VI) is used in the production of several differentdyes to improve wash fastness, allowing the color ofthe dyed wool not to change, bleed or stain otherfabrics during textile processing, wear, or washing.Exposure to Cr(VI) in the dye production process mayoccur when bags of chromic acid flakes or other chro-mate chemicals are emptied into vessels to be mixedwith other chemicals, and during packaging. Em-ployees such as color makers, drying/blending/pack-aging operators, maintenance employees, laborers,laboratory technicians, wastewater treatment opera-tors, and managers/supervisors are potentially ex-posed to Cr(VI). The highest employee exposures toCr(VI) in the chromate dye production industry occurwhen employees handle chromate materials in thedry form such as drying, blending, and packaging,which generates fine airborne dust particles.

CHROMIUM SULFATE PRODUCERSChromium sulfate is primarily used in chrome leathertanning. While chromium sulfate is a trivalent chromi-um (Cr(III)) compound, employee exposures occurbecause it is made by reducing sodium bichromateand chromate (two Cr(VI) compounds). Chromate sul-fate production can result in exposures to Cr(VI) fromprocesses that include the reduction of sodiumbichromate with organic compounds such asmolasses or sugar in the presence of sulfuric acid,and the reduction of sodium bichromate with sulfurdioxide. Employees who are exposed to Cr(VI) includereactor operators and railcar operators.

CHEMICAL DISTRIBUTORSChemical distributors purchase or import chemicals inbulk and re-sell the chemicals to various chemicalmanufacturers or industries for use in their opera-tions. The two major Cr(VI) compounds that are soldby chemical distributors are sodium dichromate andchromic acid.

Employees may be exposed to Cr(VI) during thestorage, handling, transportation, and disposal ofCr(VI) compounds. Exposures to Cr(VI) during chemi-cal distribution occur when bags containing chromi-um chemicals are being repackaged. A slight potentialfor exposure to Cr(VI) exists during transportation ofCr(VI) compounds; chromate dust accumulated on thebags may be disturbed, creating a potential for expo-sure to Cr(VI).

TEXTILE DYEINGThis industry includes companies involved in the dye-ing of textile fabrics. Sources of Cr(VI) in textile dyeinginclude Cr(VI)-containing dyes and use of chromatesas mordants. Blenders, dyers, and maintenanceemployees may be exposed to Cr(VI).

PRINTINGThis industry includes companies that use Cr(VI)-con-taining inks in their printing processes. The Cr(VI)-based inks are colored inks containing pigments fromlead chromate or lead molybdate. The majority of ex-posures to Cr(VI) occur in commercial screen printing.Printers, mixers, and shippers are potentially exposedto Cr(VI).

PRODUCERS OF GLASS PRODUCTSThis industry includes the producers of colored glassand other glass products such as fiberglass continu-ous glass filaments. The raw materials which are usedfor colored glass production contain Cr(VI). Cr(VI) isnot used as an ingredient in other glass products, butthe refractories in the furnaces used in glass produc-tion may contain trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). Duringheating, the Cr(III) is oxidized to Cr(VI), resulting inpotential employee exposure to Cr(VI) at these plants.

In colored glass production, lab employees, batchmixers, and furnace employees are potentially ex-posed to Cr(VI). For other glass production, employ-ees who are potentially exposed to Cr(VI) includebatch operators, furnace operators, electrostatic pre-cipitator/baghouse operators, forehearth operators, hotend repair operators, and furnace rebuild operators.

44


Furnace employees in fiberglass typically haveslightly higher exposures than furnace employees incontinuous filament plants because the furnaces haveopenings above the channels and forehearths to coolthe glass while continuous filament furnaces areclosed. Also, hot end repair employees in continuousfilament production are expected to have higher expo-sures because of the need to regularly replace bush-ings at the end of the forehearth.

Weighing Cr(VI) pigment for colored glass production

(Photo courtesy of the National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health (NIOSH)).

CHROMIUM CATALYST USERSCr(VI)-containing catalysts are used in processes suchas the production of plastics and polymers, in chemi-cal synthesis, and gas production. In some processes,Cr(III) catalysts are activated by heat and converted byoxidation to Cr(VI). Catalysts are usually sold in pow-der form or in specific shapes such as small pellets,and are packaged in bags or drums. Pellets generateless dust than powders during packaging and handling.

The tasks of loading and unloading Cr(VI)-contain-ing catalysts into and out of catalyst process reactorsand holding vessels present the greatest potential forCr(VI) exposure among chromium catalyst users.Employees who perform these tasks include catalystservice company field technicians who load and

unload catalyst and process operators who load cata-lysts into process vessels prior to activation of the cat-alyst.

PRODUCERS OF REFRACTORY BRICKThis industry includes companies that produce refrac-tory brick from other materials. Refractories are eitherclay or non-clay. Certain non-clay refractories containchromium, primarily chromite ore (Cr(III)). In addition,although basic refractories are produced from Cr(III)based ores, small quantities of chromic acid (Cr(VI))may be added to produce specialty products.Sometimes Cr(III) is mixed with salvaged materialwhich can contain Cr(VI). Employees potentiallyexposed to Cr(VI) are cleaners, crusher operators,pressmen, batchmen, mold fillers, brick loaders,grinder operators, saw operators, and engineeringinterns. These employees have potential Cr(VI) expo-sure because of the physical form (e.g., powder) ofthe Cr(VI)-containing chemicals that are handled.

WOODWORKINGChromated copper arsenate (CCA) is one of the majorchemicals used to treat wood to prevent biodegrada-tion, and Cr(VI) is used in the formulation of CCA.Although treatment of wood with preservatives isexempt from the scope of the Cr(VI) standards be-cause pesticide applications are regulated by theEnvironmental Protection Agency, downstream usesof Cr(VI)-treated wood are covered by the standards.Employees in many downstream woodworking indus-tries such as lumber yards, carpentry shops, and land-scaping handle, cut, saw, sand, and paint CCA treatedlumber. Carpenters and carpenter helpers are the pri-mary groups exposed to Cr(VI) from woodworking.The principal source of airborne exposures is the dustcreated during wood processing activities such as cut-ting, drilling, and sanding, and is not CCA leachingout of the treated wood.

EPA requires that, as of 2003, CCA treated woodcannot be used to construct play structures, decks,picnic tables, landscaping timbers, patios, boardwalks,and residential fencing. CAA treated wood will contin-ue to be produced for permitted uses, such as saltwater use, highway construction, utility poles, andpilings.

SOLID WASTE INCINERATIONExposure to Cr(VI) in waste incineration results fromthe thermal destruction of chromium-containing prod-



45

ucts discarded by consumers and industry. Employeespotentially exposed to Cr(VI) include laborers, shred-der/heavy equipment operators, maintenance andhelpers, boiler operators and assistant operators,maintenance electricians, and truck operators (ashhauling). The job of shredder/heavy equipment opera-tors is unique to facilities which shred or processrefuse prior to delivery to the incineration unit. Tasksinvolving periodic incinerator clean-out are a majorsource of exposure.

NON-FERROUS SUPERALLOY PRODUCERS AND USERS OF CHROMIUMThis group includes firms that produce or use nonfer-rous-based high performance alloys. These alloys areknown as “superalloys” because they have better per-formance at high temperatures (1500 to 2000 degreesFahrenheit) than conventional alloys. These alloysalso withstand relatively severe mechanical stressesand typically have higher surface stability than con-ventional alloys. Nickel or cobalt, not iron, are the pri-mary metal constituents of these alloys. The nickel-based alloys can contain 10% to 30% elementalchromium. Cobalt-based alloys generally contain evenhigher concentrations of elemental chromium.

In this industry the primary source of exposure toCr(VI) is from fumes generated from the molten alloyduring furnace/refining operations (particularly duringthe electroslag remelt process) and from weldingactivities. In these situations the chromium is not orig-inally hexavalent, but the high temperatures involvedin the process result in oxidation that converts thechromium to a hexavalent state. Employees potential-ly exposed to Cr(VI) include melt specialists, reclaimweigh operators, electric arc furnace operators, vacu-um induction melt/air induction melt furnace opera-tors, crane operators, refining unit operators, floorpersons, welders, inert screeners, machine operators,laboratory technicians, and maintenance employees.

CONSTRUCTIONThis sector includes general building contractors andoperative builders, heavy construction, and specialtrade contractors. In addition to those employeespotentially exposed to Cr(VI) during painting and sur-face preparation, welding and thermal cutting, andwoodworking operations involving chromated copperarsenate (CCA)-treated lumber, construction employ-ees may be exposed to Cr(VI) during several otheroperations.

Refractory Restoration and Maintenance

Recycled refractory bricks are used as salvage materi-al in manufacturing new refractories. Although mostchromium in refractories is trivalent, the Cr(III) can beconverted to Cr(VI) under the conditions found in theovens. Recycled refractory bricks are often contami-nated with yellow crystals. These crystals are thoughtto be sodium chromate due to the prevalence of sodi-um in the glassmaking process. The salvage materialcan contain high Cr(VI) concentrations. Employeesrepairing and restoring refractory bricks are exposedto this material.

Hazardous Waste Site Work

Employees can be exposed to Cr(VI) at hazardouswaste sites in the course of sampling the environmentat the site to determine the extent of contaminationand through remediation activities. Remediation activ-ities may include soil excavation, groundwater pump-ing, and subsequent treatment using such techniquesas incineration or stabilization. Even sites which arenot legally considered hazardous waste sites can besources of Cr(VI). Examples are parks where chromatechemical production waste was used as fill and dikingmaterial.

Industrial Rehabilitation and Maintenance

Construction employees are routinely involved inmaintenance and rehabilitation work at industrialfacilities. The employees may come into contact withCr(VI) when employed at sites where chromium prod-ucts are manufactured, processed, or otherwise present.

46


A. OSHA AREA OFFICES

Alabama

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAVestavia Village, 2047 Canyon RoadBirmingham, AL 35216-1981(205) 731-1534

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1141 Montlimar Drive, Suite 1006Mobile, AL 36609(251) 441-6131

Alaska

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA301 W. Northern Lights Blvd, Suite 407Anchorage, AK 99503(907) 271-5152

Arizona

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA230 North 1st Avenue, Suite 202Phoenix, AZ 85003(602) 640-2348

Arkansas

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHATCBY Building, Suite 450425 West Capitol AvenueLittle Rock, AR 72201(501) 224-1841

California

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA5675 Ruffin Road, Suite 330San Diego, CA 92123(415) 975-4310

Colorado

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1391 Speer Boulevard, Suite 210Denver, CO 80204-2552(303) 844-5285

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA7935 East Prentice Avenue, Suite 209Greenwood Village, CO 80111-2714(303) 843-4500

Connecticut

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1057 Broad Street, Fourth FloorBridgeport, CT 06604(203) 579-5581

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAFederal Building450 Main Street, Room 613Hartford, CT 06103(860) 240-3152

Delaware

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHACaleb Boggs Federal Building844 N King Street, Room 2209Wilmington, DE 19801-3319(302) 573-6518

Florida

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA8040 Peters Road, Building H-100Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324(954) 424-0242

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHARibault Building, Suite 2271851 Executive Center DriveJacksonville, FL 32207(904) 232-2895

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA5807 Breckenridge Parkway, Suite ATampa, FL 33610-4249(813) 626-1177

Georgia

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA450 Mall Boulevard, Suite JSavannah, GA 31419(912) 652-4393

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA2400 Herodian Way, Suite 250Smyrna, GA 30080-2968(770) 984-8700

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHALaVista Perimeter Office Park2183 N. Lake ParkwayBuilding 7 - Suite 110Tucker, GA 30084-4154(770) 493-6644/6742/8419

Idaho

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1150 North Curtis Road, Suite 201Boise, ID 83706(208) 321-2960

Appendix III: A. OSHA Area OfficesB. OSHA Regional OfficesC. States with Approved Occupational Safety and Health PlansD. OSHA Consultation Project Directory



47

Illinois

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1600 167th Street, Suite 9Calumet City, IL 60409(708) 891-3800

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAO’hara Plaza701 Lee Street, Suite #950Des Plaines, IL 60016(847) 803-4800

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA11 Executive Drive, Suite 11Fairview Heights, IL 62208(618) 632-8612

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA365 Smoke Tree Business ParkNorth Aurora, IL 60542(630) 896-8700

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA2918 West Willow Knolls RoadPeoria, IL 61614(309) 671-7033

Indiana

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA46 East Ohio Street, Room 453Indianapolis, IN 46204(317) 226-7290

Iowa

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA210 Walnut Street, Room 815Des Moines, IA 50309(515) 284-4794

Kansas

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA217 W. 3rd Street NorthRoom #400Wichita, KS 67202(316) 269-6644

Kentucky

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAJohn C. Watts Federal Building330 W. Broadway, Room 108Frankfort, KY 40601-1922(502) 227-7024

Louisiana

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA9100 Bluebonnet Centre BoulevardSuite 201Baton Rouge, LA 70809(225) 298-5458

Maine

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA202 Harlow Street, Room 211Bangor, ME 04401(207) 941-8177

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAWest Tower100 Middle Street, Suite 410 WestPortland, ME 04101(207) 626-9160

Maryland

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1099 Winterson Road, Suite 140Linthicum, MD 21090-2218(410) 865-2055/2056

Massachusetts

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA639 Granite Street, 4th FloorBraintree, MA 02184(617) 565-6924

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAValley Office Park13 Branch StreetMethuen, MA 01844(617) 565-8110

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1441 Main Street, Room 550Springfield, MA 01103-1493(413) 785-0123

Michigan

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA801 South Waverly Road, Suite 306Lansing, MI 48917-4200(517) 487-4996

Minnesota

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAMinneapolis, MN 55415*closed – please contact Eau Claire Wisconsin office at(715) 832-9019

Mississippi

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA3780 I-55 North, Suite 210Jackson, MS 39211-6323(601) 965-4606

Missouri

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA6200 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 100Kansas City, MO 64120(816) 483-9531

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA911 Washington Avenue, Room 420St. Louis, MO 63101(314) 425-4249

48


Montana

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA2900 4th Avenue North, Suite 303Billings, MT 59101(406) 247-7494

Nebraska

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAOverland - Wolf Building6910 Pacific Street, Room 100Omaha, NE 68106(402) 553-0171

Nevada

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA705 North Plaza, Room 204Carson City, NV 89701(775) 885-6963

New Hampshire

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA279 Pleasant Street, Suite 201Concord, NH 03301(603) 225-1580

New Jersey

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1030 St. Georges AvenuePlaza 35, Suite 205Avenel, NJ 07001(732) 750-3270

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA500 Route 17 South, 2nd FloorHasbrouck Heights, NJ 07604(201) 288-1700

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAMarlton Executive Park, Building 2701 Route 73 South, Suite 120Marlton, NJ 08053(856) 757-5181

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA299 Cherry Hill Road, Suite 304Parsippany, NJ 07054(973) 263-1003

New York

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA401 New Karner Road, Suite 300Albany, NY 12205-3809(518) 464-4338

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA42-40 Bell BoulevardBayside, NY 11361(718) 279-9060

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA5360 Genesee StreetBowmansville, NY 14026(716) 551-3053

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA201 Varick Street - Room #646New York, NY 10014(212) 620-3200

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA3300 Vickery RoadNorth Syracuse, NY 13212(315) 451-0808

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA660 White Plains Road, 4th FloorTarrytown, NY 10591-5107(914) 524-7510

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1400 Old Country Road, Room 208Westbury, NY 11590(516) 334-3344

North Carolina

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHACentury Station Federal Office Building300 Fayetteville Street Mall, Room 438Raleigh, NC 27601-9998(919) 856-4770

North Dakota

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1640 East Capitol AvenueBismark, ND 58501(701) 250-4521

Ohio

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA36 Triangle Park DriveCincinnati, OH 45246(513) 841-4132

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAFederal Office Building 1240 East 9th Street, Room 899Cleveland, OH 44199(216) 522-3818

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAFederal Office Building200 North High Street, Room 620Columbus, OH 43215(614) 469-5582

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA420 Madison AvenueSuite 600Toledo, OH 43604(419) 259-7542

Oklahoma

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA55 North Robinson, Suite 315Oklahoma City, OK 73102-9237(405) 278-9560



49

Oregon

U.S. Department of Labor, OSHAFederal Office Building1220 Southwest 3rd Avenue, Room 640Portland, OR 97204(503) 326-2251

Pennsylvania

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA850 North 5th StreetAllentown, PA 18102(610) 776-0592

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA3939 West Ridge Road, Suite B12Erie, PA 16506-1887(814) 833-5758

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAProgress Plaza49 North Progress AvenueHarrisburg, PA 17109(717) 782-3902

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAU.S. Custom House, Room 242Second and Chestnut StreetsPhiladelphia, PA 19106-2902(215) 597-4955

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAFederal Office Building 1000 Liberty Avenue, Room 1428Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4101(412) 395-4903

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHASteigmaier7 North Wilkes-Barre Boulevard, Suite 410Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702-350(570) 826-6538

Puerto Rico

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHATriple SSS Plaza Building1510 F. D. Roosevelt Avenue, Suite 5BGuaynabo, PR 00968(787) 277-1560

Rhode Island

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAFederal Office Building 380 Westminster Mall, Room 543Providence, RI 02903(401) 528-4669

South Carolina

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1835 Assembly Street, Room 1468Columbia, SC 29201-2453(803) 765-5904

Tennessee

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA2002 Richard Jones Road, Suite C-205Nashville, TN 37215-2809(615) 781-5423

Texas

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1033 La Posada Drive, Suite 375 Austin, TX 78752-3832(512) 374-0271

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAWilson Plaza606 N. Carancahua, Suite 700Corpus Christi, TX 78476(361) 888-3420

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA8344 East R.L. Thornton Freeway, Suite 420Dallas, TX 75228(214) 320-2400 (2558)

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA700 E San Antonio St.Room C-408El Paso, TX 79901(915) 534-6251

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHANorth Starr II, Suite 3028713 Airport FreewayFort Worth, TX 76180-7610(817) 428-2470 (485-7647)

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA507 N. Sam Houston Pky., Suite 400Houston, TX 77060(281) 591-2438 (2787)

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA17625 El Camino Real, Suite 400Houston, TX 77058(281) 286-0583/0584 (5922)

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAFederal Office Building 1205 Texas Avenue, Room 806Lubbock, TX 79401(806) 472-7681 (7685)

Utah

U.S. Depaartment of Labor - OSHA160 E 300 SouthHeber-Wells BuildingP. O. Box 146650Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6650(801) 233-4900

50


Virginia

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAFederal Office Building 200 Granby Street, Room 614Norfolk, VA 23510(757) 441-3820

Washington

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA505 106th Avenue, NE, Suite 302Bellevue, WA 98004(425) 450-5438

West Virginia

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA405 Capitol StreetSuite 407Charleston, WV 25301(304) 347-5937

Wisconsin

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1648 Tri ParkwayAppleton, WI 54914

(920) 734-4521U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA1310 West Clairmont AvenueEau Claire, WI 54701(715) 832-9019

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA4802 E. BroadwayMadison, WI 53716(608) 441-5388

U.S. Department of Labor - OSHAHenry S. Reuss Building310 W. Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1180Milwaukee, WI 53203(414) 297-3315



51

B. OSHA REGIONAL OFFICES

Region I

(CT*, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT*)JFK Federal Building, Room E340Boston, Massachusetts 02203Boston, MA 02203(617) 565-9860

Region II

(NJ*, NY*, PR*, VI*)201 Varick Street, Room 670New York, NY 10014(212) 337-2378

Region III

(DE, DC, MD*, PA*, VA*, WV)The Curtis Center170 S. Independence Mall WestSuite 740 WestPhiladelphia, PA 19106-3309(215) 861-4900

Region IV

(AL, FL, GA, KY*, MS, NC*, SC*, TN*)Atlanta Federal Center61 Forsyth Street SW, Room 6T50Atlanta, GA 30303(404) 562-2300

Region V

(IL, IN*, MI*, MN*, OH, WI)230 South Dearborn Street,Room 3244Chicago, IL 60604(312) 353-2220

Region VI

(AR, LA, NM*, OK, TX)525 Griffin Street, Room 602Dallas, TX 75202(214) 767-4731 or 4736 x224

Region VII

(IA*, KS, MO, NE)City Center Square1100 Main Street, Suite 800Kansas City, MO 64105(816) 426-5861

Region VIII

(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT*, WY*)1999 Broadway, Suite 1690PO Box 46550Denver, CO 80202-5716(720) 264-6550

Region IX

(American Samoa, AZ*, CA*, HI, NV*, Northern MarianaIslands)71 Stevenson Street, Room 420San Francisco, CA 94105(415) 975-4310

Region X

(AK*, ID, OR*, WA*)1111 Third Avenue, Suite 715Seattle, WA 98101-3212(206) 553-5930

*These states and territories operate their own OHSA-approved job safety and health programs (Connecticut,New Jersey, New York, and Virgin Islands plans coverpublic employees only). States with approved programsmust have a standard that is identical to, or at least aseffective as, the federal standard.

52


C. STATES WITH APPROVED OCCUPATIONALSAFETY AND HEALTH PLANS

Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development

P.O. Box 211491111 W. 8th Street, Room 306Juneau, Alaska 99802-1149Commissioner (907) 465-2700 Fax: (907) 465-2784Director (907) 465-4855 Fax: (907) 465-6012

Industrial Commission of Arizona

800 W. WashingtonPhoenix, Arizona 85007-2922Director, ICA(602) 542-4411 Fax: (602) 542-1614Program Director (602) 542-5795 Fax: (602) 542-1614

California Department of Industrial Relations

1515 Clay Street, Suite 1901Oakland, California 94612Acting Director (415) 703-5050 Fax:(415) 703-5059Acting Chief, Cal/OSHA (510) 286-7000 FAX (510) 286-7038Deputy Chief, Cal/OSHA (714) 939-8093 FAX (714) 939-8094

Connecticut Department of Labor

200 Folly Brook BoulevardWethersfield, Connecticut 06109Commissioner (860) 566-5123 Fax: (860) 566-1520Conn-OSHA38 Wolcott Hill RoadWethersfield, Connecticut 06109Director (860) 263-6900 Fax: (860) 263-6940

Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations

830 Punchbowl StreetHonolulu, Hawaii 96813Director (808) 586-8844 Fax: (808) 586-9099

Indiana Department of Labor

State Office Building402 West Washington Street, Room W195Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2751Commissioner (317) 232-2378 Fax: (317) 233-3790Deputy Commissioner (317) 233-3605 Fax: (317) 233-3790

Iowa Division of Labor

1000 E. Grand AvenueDes Moines, Iowa 50319-0209Commissioner (515) 281-3447 Fax: (515) 281-4698Administrator (515) 281-3469 Fax: (515) 281-7995

Kentucky Department of Labor

1047 U.S. Highway 127 South, Suite 4Frankfort, Kentucky 40601Commissioner (502) 564-3070 Fax: (502) 564-5387Executive Director, Office of Occupational Safety & Health(502) 564-3070 Fax: (502) 564-1682

Maryland Division of Labor and Industry

Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation1100 North Eutaw Street, Room 613Baltimore, Maryland 21201-2206Commissioner (410) 767-2241 Fax: (410) 767-2986Assistant Commissioner, MOSH (410) 767-2190 Fax: (410) 333-7747

Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth

Robert Swanson, Acting DirectorMichigan Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationP.O. Box 30643Lansing, MI 48909-8143Director (517) 322-1814 Fax: (517) 322-1775Deputy Director for Enforcement (517) 322-1817 Fax: (517) 322-1775

Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry

443 Lafayette RoadSt. Paul, Minnesota 55155Commissioner (651) 284-5010 Fax: (651) 282-5405Assistant Commissioner (651) 284-5371 Fax: (651) 282-2527Administrative Director, OSHA Management Team(651) 284-5372 Fax: (651) 297-2527

Nevada Division of Industrial Relations

400 West King Street, Suite 400Carson City, Nevada 89703Administrator (775) 684-7260 Fax: (775) 687-6305Occupational Safety and Health Enforcement Section (OSHES)1301 N. Green Valley ParkwayHenderson, Nevada 89014Chief Administrative Officer (702) 486-9168 Fax: (702) 486-9020[Las Vegas (702) 687-5240]

New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce

Development

Office of Public Employees Occupational Safety & Health(PEOSH)1 John Fitch PlazaP.O. Box 386Trenton, NJ 08625-0386Acting Commissioner (609) 292-2975 Fax: (609) 633-9271Assistant Commissioner (609) 292-2313 Fax: (609) 695-1314Director, PSOSH (609) 292-0501 Fax: (609) 292-3749Director, Occupational Health Service (609) 984-1843 Fax: (609) 984-0849

New Mexico Environment Department

1190 St. Francis Drive, Suite 4050P.O. Box 26110Santa Fe, New Mexico 87502Secretary (505) 827-2850 Fax: (505) 827-2836Bureau Chief (505) 476-8700 Fax: (505) 476-8734



53

54


New York Department of Labor

New York Public Employee Safety and Health ProgramState Office Campus Building 12, Room 158Albany, New York 12240Commissioner (518) 457-2741 Fax: (518) 457-6908Director, Division of Safety and Health(518) 457-3518 Fax: (518) 457-1519Program Manager (518) 457-1263 Fax: (518) 457-5545

North Carolina Department of Labor

4 West Edenton StreetRaleigh, North Carolina 27601-1092Commissioner (919) 733-0359 Fax: (919) 733-1092Deputy Commissioner, OSH Director (919) 807-2861 Fax: (919) 807-2855OSH Assistant Director (919) 807-2863 Fax: (919) 807-2856

Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division

Department of Consumer and Business Services350 Winter Street, NE, Room 430Salem, Oregon 97301-3882Administrator (503) 378-3272 Fax: (503) 947-7461Deputy Administrator (503) 378-3272 Fax: (503) 947-7461Special Assistant for Federal & External Affairs (503) 378-3272 Fax: (503) 947-7461

Puerto Rico Department of Labor

Prudencio Rivera Martínez Building505 Muñoz Rivera AvenueHato Rey, Puerto Rico 00918Secretary (787) 754-2119 Fax: (787) 753-9550Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health(787) 756-1100 / (787) 754-2171 Fax: (787) 767-6051

South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing, and

Regulation

Koger Office Park, Kingstree Building110 Centerview DrivePO Box 11329Columbia, South Carolina 29211Director (803) 896-4300 Fax: (803) 896-4393Administrator (803) 896-7665 Fax: (803) 896-7670Office of Voluntary Programs (803) 896-7744 Fax: (803) 896-7750

Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce

Development

710 James Robertson ParkwayNashville, Tennessee 37243-0659Commissioner (615) 741-2582 Fax: (615) 741-5078Program Director (615) 741-2793 Fax: (615) 741-3325

Utah Labor Commission

160 East 300 South, 3rd FloorPO Box 146650Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-6650Commissioner (801) 530-6901 Fax: (801) 530-7906Administrator (801) 530-6898 Fax: (801) 530-6390

Vermont Department of Labor

National Life Building - Drawer 20Montpelier, Vermont 05620-3401Commissioner (802) 828-2288 Fax: (802) 828-2748VOSHA Compliance Program Manager (802) 828-2765Fax: (802) 828-2195

Virgin Islands Department of Labor

3012 Golden RockChristiansted, St. Croix, Virgin Islands 00820-4660Commissioner (340) 773-1994 Fax: (340) 773-1858Assistant Commissioner (340) 772-1315 Fax: (340) 772-4323Program Director (340) 772-1315 Fax: (340) 772-4323

Virginia Department of Labor and Industry

Powers-Taylor Building13 South 13th StreetRichmond, Virginia 23219Commissioner (804) 786-2377 Fax: (804) 371-6524Director, Safety Compliance, VOSHA (804) 786-2391 Fax:(804) 371-6524Director, Office of Legal Support (804) 786-9873 Fax: (804)786-8418

Washington Department of Labor and Industries

General Administration BuildingPO Box 44001Olympia, Washington 98504-40017273 Linderson Way SWTumwater, WA 98501-5414Director (360) 902-4200 Fax: (360) 902-4202Assistant Director [PO Box 44600](360) 902-5495 Fax: (360) 902-5529Program Manager, Federal-State Operations [PO Box 44600](360) 902-5430 Fax: (360) 902-5529

Wyoming Department of Employment

Workers’ Safety and Compensation DivisionCheyenne Business Center1510 East Pershing BoulevardCheyenne, Wyoming 82002Administrator (307) 777-7700 Fax: (307) 777-5524OSHA Program Manager (307) 777-7786 Fax: (307) 777-3646

Note: the Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and VirginIslands plans cover public sector (State and LocalGovernment) employment only.

D. OSHA CONSULTATION PROJECT DIRECTORY(For the most current contact information, please go to:http://www.osha.gov/dcsp/smallbusiness/consult_ directory.html)

Alabama

Safe State ProgramUniversity of Alabama432 Martha Parham WestBox 870388Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487(205) 348-3033DirectorFAX: (205) 348-3049

Alaska

Consultation SectionADOL/AKOSH3301 Eagle Street-Suite 305Anchorage, Alaska 99503-4149

Mailing:Post Office Box 107022Anchorage, Alaska 99510(907) 269-4957Chief of Consultation and TrainingFAX: (907) 269-4950

Arizona

Consultation and TrainingDiv. of Occupational Safety & HealthIndustrial Commission of Arizona2675 East Broadway RoadTucson, Arizona 85716(520) 628-5478Project ManagerFAX: (520) 322-8008

Arkansas

OSHA ConsultationArkansas Department of Labor 10421 West MarkhamLittle Rock, Arkansas 72205(501) 682-4522Labor Safety Admin.FAX: (501) 682-4532

California

CAL/OSHA Consultation Service2424 Arden Way, Suite 485Sacramento, California 95825(916) 263-5765Program ManagerFAX: (916) 263-5760

Colorado

Colorado State University Health & Safety ConsultationDepartment of Environmental and Radiological HealthSciences 1681 Campus DeliveryFort Collins, Colorado 80523-1681(970) 491-6151Project ManagerFAX: (970) 491-7778

Connecticut

Connecticut Department of LaborDiv. of Occupational Safety & Health38 Wolcott Hill RoadWethersfield, Connecticut 06109(860) 263-69017(c)(1) Project ManagerFAX: (860) 263-6940

Delaware

Delaware Department of LaborOccupational Safety &HealthDivision of Industrial Affairs4425 North Market StreetWilmington, Delaware 19802(302) 761-8198Deputy Director FAX: (302) 761-6602

District of Columbia

Office of Occupational Safety and HealthD. C. Dept of Employment Services 64 New York Avenue, N.E., Room 2106 Washington, D.C. 20002 (202) 671-1800Safety SupervisorFAX: (202) 673-2380

Florida

University of South Florida Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthCollege of Public Health13201 Bruce B. Downs BoulevardMDC 56Tampa, Florida 33612-3805(813) 927-5347Associate DirectorFAX: (813) 974-8270(866) 273-1105

Georgia

21(d) Onsite Consultation ProgramGeorgia Institute of Technology430 10th Street, NWNorth BuildingAtlanta, Georgia 30332-0837(404) 894-8276Program ManagerFAX: (404) 894-8275



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56


Guam

Guam Department of Labor OSHA On-site Consultation Division414 W. Soledad Avenue, 8th FloorGCIC BuildingHagatna, Guam 96910

Mailing:Post Office Box 9970Tamuning, Guam 96931(671) 475-7069Project ManagerFAX: (671) 475-7070

Hawaii

HI DOL & Industrial RelationsConsultation and Training Branch830 Punchbowl Street-Room 423Honolulu, Hawaii 96813(808) 586-9078OSH Business Safety FacilitatorFAX: (808) 586-9099

Idaho

Idaho OSHA Consultation ProgramBoise State University1910 University DriveM.S. 1835-College of Health SciencesBoise, Idaho 83725-1835(208) 426-3795Project ManagerFAX: (208) 426-2199

Illinois

Illinois On-site ConsultationDepartment of Commerce & Economic Opportunity (DCEO)Division of Industrial ServicesState of Illinois Center, Suite 3-400100 West Randolph StreetChicago, Illinois 60601(312) 814-2337, (800)972-4216Project ManagerFAX: (312) 814-7238

Indiana

Indiana Department of LaborINSafe – On-Site Consultation Program402 West Washington StreetRoom W195Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2287(317) 232-2655Deputy CommissionerFAX: (317) 232-3790

Iowa

Iowa Workforce DevelopmentDivision of Labor ServicesBureau of Consultation and Education1000 East Grand AvenueDes Moines, Iowa 50319(515) 281-7629Project ManagerFAX: (515) 281-5522

Kansas

Kansas Department of LaborKansas Consultation Project800 SW Jackson Street-Suite 1500Topeka, Kansas 66612-1227(785) 296-6325Project ManagerFAX: (785) 296-1775

Kentucky

Division of Education and TrainingKentucky OSH ProgramKentucky Labor Cabinet1047 U.S. Highway 127, SouthSuite 4Frankfort, Kentucky 40601(502) 564-3070DirectorFAX: (505) 827-4422

Louisiana

21(d) Consultation ProgramLouisiana Department of Labor1001 North 23rd Street, Rm. 421 AnnexBaton Rouge, Louisiana 70804

Mailing:Post Office Box 94094Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804-9094(225) 342-9601Consultation Project ManagerFAX: (225) 342-5158

Maine

Maine Bureau of Labor StandardsWorkplace Safety & Health Division#45 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0045(207) 624-6400DirectorFAX: (207) 624-6449

Maryland

MOSH Consultation ServicesMontgomery Park Business Center 1827 Washington Boulevard Baltimore, Maryland 21230 (410) 537-4500Project ManagerFAX: (410) 537-4518

Massachusetts

MA Department of Labor Division of Occupational Safety1001 Watertown StreetWest Newton, Massachusetts 02465(617) 969-7177Project ManagerFAX: (617) 727-4581

MichiganDepartment of Labor and Economic Growth Bureau of Safety & Occupational Regulation Consultation, Education and Training 7150 Harris Drive, Post Office Box 30643Lansing, Michigan 48909-8413(517) 322-1809Assistant ChiefFAX: (517) 322-1374

Minnesota

MN Department of Labor & IndustryWorkplace Safety Consultation Division443 LaFayette Road NorthSaint Paul, Minnesota 55155(651) 284-5060Consultation DirectorFAX: (651) 284-5739

Mississippi

Mississippi State UniversityCenter for Safety and Health2151 Highway 18, Suite BBrandon, Mississippi 39042(601) 825-0783DirectorFAX: (601) 825-6609

Missouri

Onsite Consultation ProgramDivision of Labor StandardsDept. of Labor & Industrial Relations3315 West Truman BoulevardPost Office Box 449Jefferson City, Missouri 65102(573) 751-3403Project ManagerFAX: (573) 751-3721

Montana

Department of Labor & IndustryOccupational Safety & Health Bureau1625 11th AvenuePost Office Box 1728Helena, Montana 59601(406) 444-6418Project ManagerFAX: (406) 444-9396

Nebraska

Nebraska Workforce DevelopmentOffice of Safety and Labor StandardsState Office Building, Lower LevelPost Office Box 95024301 Centennial Mall, SouthLincoln, Nebraska 68509-5024(402) 471-4717Project ManagerFAX: (402) 471-5039

Nevada

Safety, Consultation & Training SectionDivision of Industrial RelationsDepartment of Business & Industry1301 North Green Valley Parkway #200Henderson, Nevada 89074(702) 486-9159Chief Admin. OfficerFAX: (702) 990-0362

New Hampshire

NH Department of Environmental Services29 Hazen Drive-Post Office Box 95Concord, New Hampshire 03302-0095(603) 271-202421(d) Project ManagerFAX: (603) 271-2667

New Jersey

New Jersey Department of Laborand Workforce Development1 John Fitch PlazaPost Office Box 386Trenton, New Jersey 08625-0386(609) 292-0501Director FAX: (609) 984-5706(609) 984-0785Project ManagerFAX: (609) 292-4409

New Mexico

New Mexico Environment DepartmentOccupational Health & Safety Bureau525 Marquez PlazaSanta Fe, New Mexico 87502(505) 827-4230 Program Manager FAX: (505) 827-4422

New York

Division of Safety and HealthState Office Building CampusBuilding 12, Room 168Albany, New York 12240(518) 457-2238Program ManagerFAX: (518) 457-3454

North Carolina

NC Department of Labor-OSHA DivisionBureau of Consultative Services111 Hillsborough StreetRaleigh, North Carolina 27601

Mailing:1101 Mail Service CenterRaleigh, North Carolina 27699-1101(919) 807-2905Bureau ChiefFAX: (919) 807-2902



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North Dakota

ND Occupational Safety & Health Consultation-BismarckState College Corporate & Continuing Education 1815 Shaffer Street Bismarck, North Dakota 58501

Mailing:Post Office Box 5587Bismarck, North Dakota 58506-5587(701) 224-5778Program ManagerFAX: (701) 224-5763

Northern Mariana Islands

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)CNMI Department of LaborCNMI-OSHA ConsultationPost Office Box 100072nd Floor-Afetnas Building, San AntonioSaipan, MP 96950

Ohio

Bureau of Workers’ CompensationOSHA On-Site Consultation Program13430 Yarmouth DrivePickerington, Ohio 43147(670) 236-0989Secretary of LaborFAX: (670) 664-3158(614) 466-7082(800) 282-1425Project ManagerFAX: (614) 644-3133

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Department of LaborOSHA Division4001 North Lincoln BoulevardOklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105-5212(405) 528-1500 ext. 271Director, OSHA Div.FAX: (405) 557-1214

Oregon

Oregon OSHA Consultation/ServicesDepartment of Consumer & Business 350 Winter Street, N.E., Room 430Salem, Oregon 97301-3882(503) 378-3272Project ManagerFAX: (503) 947-7462

Pennsylvania

Indiana University of PennsylvaniaWalsh Hall-Room 210302 East WalkIndiana, Pennsylvania 15705-1087(724) 357-2396Project ManagerFAX: (724) 357-2385

Puerto Rico

PR Occupational Safety and Health Admin.Dept. of Labor & Human Resources21st Floor505 Munoz Rivera AvenueHato Rey, Puerto Rico 00918(787) 754-2171Assistant Secretary FAX: (787) 767-6051

Rhode Island

OSH Consultation ProgramDiv. of Occup. Health & Radiation Ctrl.Rhode Island Department of Health3 Capitol Hill, Cannon Bldg-Rm. 206 Providence, Rhode Island 02908(401) 222-2438Project ManagerFAX: (401) 222-2456

South Carolina

Office of OSHA Voluntary ProgramsSC Department of LaborLicensing & Regulation110 Centerview DriveP.O. Box 11329Columbia, South Carolina 29211-1329(803) 896-7744Acting AdministratorFAX: (803) 896-7750

South Dakota

South Dakota State UniversityEngineering Extension, West Hall 118Box 510907 Harvey Dunn StreetBrookings, South Dakota 57007-0597(605) 688-4101DirectorFAX: (605) 688-6290

Tennessee

OSHA Consultative Services Div.Tennessee Department of LaborAndrew Johnson Tower, 3rd Floor710 James Robertson ParkwayNashville, Tennessee 37243-0659(615) 741-7155Program ManagerFAX: (615) 532-2997

Texas

Texas Workers Compensation CommissionWorkers Health and Safety Division7551 Metro Center Drive-Suite 100Austin, Texas 78744-1609(512) 804-4640, (800) 687-7080Project Manager FAX: (512) 804-4641

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Utah

State of UtahOSHA Consultation Program160 East 300 South, Third FloorSalt Lake City, Utah 84114-6650(801) 530-6855Project ManagerFAX : (801) 530-6992

Vermont

Div. of Occupational Safety & HealthVermont Dept. of Labor & IndustryNational Life Building, Drawer #20Montepilier, Vermont 05602-3401

Mailing:Post Office Box 231Hyde Park, Vermont 05655(802) 888-0620Project DirectorFAX: (802) 888-2598

Virginia

VA Department of Labor & IndustryOccupational Safety and HealthTraining and Consultation13 South 13th StreetPowers-Taylor Building-Suite 319Richmond, Virginia 23219(804) 786-6613Program ManagerFAX: (804) 786-8418DirectorFAX: (804) 786-6359

Virgin Islands

University of the Virgin IslandsCommunity Engagement & Lifelong Learning#2 John Brewer’s BaySt. Thomas, Virgin Islands 00803(340) 693-1101Program ManagerFAX: (340) 693-1115

Washington

WA Department of Labor & IndustriesWISHA Services Division7273 Linderson Way, SWTumwater, Washington 98501-5414

Mailing:Post Office Box 44640Olympia, Washington 98504-4640(360) 902-5554Program ManagerFAX: (360) 902-5459

West Virginia

West Virginia Department of LaborCapitol Complex Bldg #6, Room B-7491800 East Washington StreetCharleston, West Virginia 25305(304) 558-7890Project ManagerFAX: (304) 558-2415

Wisconsin (Health)

WI OSHA Health Consultation ProgramWisconsin State Laboratory of HygieneEnvironmental Health Division2601 Agriculture DriveMadison, Wisconsin 53707-7996

Mailing:Post Office Box 7996Madison, Wisconsin 53707-7996(608) 226-5239 or 40DirectorFAX: (608) 226-5249

Wisconsin (Safety)

Department of Commerce Division of Safety & BuildingsWI Safety &Consultation Bureau Southeast Regional State Office Building141 NW Barstow Street Waukesha, Wisconsin 53188-3789(262) 521-51981-800-947-0553Admin. ManagerFAX: (262) 521-5369

Wyoming

Wyoming Workers’ Safety1510 East Pershing Blvd.Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002(307) 777-7786Program ManagerFAX: (307) 777-3646

www.osha.gov