small, high specific energy power sources for medium ......small, high specific energy power sources...

Small, high specific Energy Power Sources

for Medium Caliber Fuzes

57th Annual Fuze Conference

July 30th, 2014

Harald Wich

Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH 2 Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH, A company of Diehl BGT Defence and Eagle Picher Technologies

Overview

Terminology

Fuze Power Requirements

How much is this

Specific Densities

What’s around

Conclusion and Future Work

Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH 3 Copyright Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Terminology

Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH, A company of Diehl BGT Defence and Eagle Picher Technologies

C/5

mAh

W Wh

C/5

Wh

mAh

W


C/5

Wh

mAh

W 1

Discharge Time h = C Rate

Terminology

The Electric Circuit


Lo

ad

Internal Resistance

Current

- V

olta

ge

-

Source

- V

olta

ge

-

- +

• Voltage [V] x Current [A] = Power [W]

• Power [W] x Time [s] = Energy [Ws = J]

+ Current [A] x Time [s] = Capacity [As, Ah]


What is needed for a Fuze

Power/Energy Requirement depends on

+ Complexity of Fuze

Igniter Circuit

Functions

Speed

+ Component Selection

+ Design

+ Flight Time


Hear more in # 16521



Legacy Large Caliber Fuzes


140J

364J

430J

788J

180J

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Po

we

r P

[W

]

Voltage U [V]



New Medium Caliber Fuzes


0.06 J 0.02 J

1 J 1.4 J

0.1 J

5J

10 J

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

0 1 2 3 4 5

Po

we

r P

[W

]

Voltage U [V]


How much is that

A few comparisons


10-3

106

103

1

A

B

F

D

E

G

H

I

Beta Batt

Atmos

1“ drop

Heat 1 cm³

Al-Cylinder 1 cm³

@ 60 mph

IG HV

C Newton


Specific Densities

Why is that so important to you?

• Power Sources are characterized by capacity

Per weight

Per volume

• Fuzes are usually restricted by volume


0.01

1

100

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Ene

rgy

[J]

Volume [mm³)


Specific Densities

Energy vs Power

• Beta Batt

• ELDC


Energy 40 J / mm³ very high

Power 125 nW / mm³ very low

Energy 4 mJ / mm³ low

Power 125 mW / mm³ high

Example: LTC-Primary Battery


Specific Densities

C-Rate

• Tesla Roadster 56 kWh (≈ 200 MJ), max Power 215 kW 4 C

• Fuze Battery Large Cal (e.g. 500 J) 200 s (≈ 1/20 h) 20 C

Medium Cal (e.g. 5 J) 20 s (≈ 1/200 h) 200 C !

If the Battery can manage only 4 C (like a Tesla Roadster)

it needs 50 times the Capacity the Fuze requires !



What’s around

Legacy


„Baghdad Batterie“

250 BC

„Patent K. STAMM“

1925

„Duracell AR-13D“

1971


What’s around

Capacitors

+ Power Density

Energy Density; - J/mm³

How to charge

Set-Back Generators; Piezo; Electromagnetic

+ Power Density

Energy Density; < 10 μJ/mm³

Short Pulse only



What’s around

Fuze Batteries miniaturized


DEP-14103

3 J; 3 mJ/mm³

50 mW

Ø 11 mm; h 11 mm

DEP-14104

10 J; 7 mJ/mm³

75 mW

Ø 10/11 mm; h 10/13 mm

DEP-14202

100 J; 50 mJ/mm³

500 mW

Ø 10/20 mm; h 3/11 mm


What’s around

A novel solution

in barrel heating

• Converter + Heat Source aerodynamic heating

pyrolants (fuel)

Thermo Electric Generator


ηMax =Thot − TcoldThot

∙1 + ZM ∙ T − 1

1 + ZM ∙ T +TcoldThot

E = P (t)

∞

°


What’s around

TEPS

• High Energy Density Fuel 4 J/mm³

• High burning Temperature

• Independent of operating

Temperature (∆-principle)



What’s around

TEPS

• Max Power at Start

• Longer Power than Set-Back

Easy charge of

Small capacitor

• High Energy Density

• Independent of Spin



What’s around

TEPS

• Easy to scale Voltage, Energy, Life-Time, Size


DEP-15001

100 mJ; 100 μJ/mm³

100 mW

Ø 12.6 mm; h 12.5 mm

DEP-15030

200 mJ; 120 μJ/mm³

200 mW

Ø 17 mm; h 12.5 mm

DEP-15060

2000 mJ; 650 μJ/mm³

1000 mW

Ø 23.6 mm; h 12.5 mm


Conclusion and Future Work

+ Two new Product Lines of small Fuze Power Supplies

+ Meet all known Requirements

+ Significant increased Energy Density

+ Excellent Power Density

+ Spinning and Non-Spinning

Future work

• Manufacturability

• Live-Firing

• Qualification


Thank you for your attention!

Questions?


Diehl & Eagle Picher Contact

How to Contact us

• Presenter Harald Wich

• Mail Diehl & Eagle Picher GmbH

Fischbachstrasse 20

90552 Roethenbach a d Pegnitz

Germany

• Phone +49-911-957-2073

• Fax +49-911-957-2485

• Email [email protected]

• Web www.battery.de

small, high specific energy power sources for medium ......small, high specific energy power sources...

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