small-scale mining in malaysia & technological

8/9/2019 Small-scale Mining in Malaysia & Technological

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SMALL-SCALE MINING INMALAYSIA & SOME

TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES

SMALL-SCALE MINING INMALAYSIA & SOME

TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES

27 November 2006

CASM-Asia

BANDUNG, INDONESIA


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KUALA

TERENGGANU

SEREMBAN

KUALA LUMPUR-(Head Quarters)SELANGOR

IPOH ( MRC, T.SERVICES)

PERAK

KOTA

BHARU

ALOR SETAR

JOHORBAHRU

KUANTAN

KUCHING

KOTA

KINABALU

MAP OF MALAYSIA


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Malaysia was the world largestproducer of tin until 1985

Mining was one of the pillars of the

countrys economy Most of the small-mines were gravel

pump and open pit mines Apart from tin, other minerals suchas gold, iron ore, bauxite, coal and

kaolin are also mined

STATISTICS


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N U M B E R O F T I N M IN E S B Y M IN IN G M E T H O D

G r a v e l P u m p & O p e n P i t D r e d g in g O t h e r s

STATISTICS


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Numerous laws enacted even before the independence.

- Mining Enactment (regulate safety & operation)

- Mineral Ores and Gold buyers ( to curb unlawfuldealings)

- Tin Control Ordinance ( to curb smuggling duringthe tin control period)

Able to provide a stable environment to operate.

Prevent illegal activities


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DEFINITION OF SMALL SCALE MINING UNDER

MALAYSIAN MINERAL LAWS

Small scale mining operation means:

Annual throughput of less than 3.5 million m3 per year ofminerals extraction from primary alluvial deposits.

Annual combined run-of-mine ore, waste & overburden ofless than 100,000 tonnes per year for underground mining

Annual combined run-of-mine ore, waste & overburden ofless than 300,000 tonnes per year for primary non-alluvialdeposits

capital & infrastructure investment less than RM150million.

employed less than 250 employees


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MINERAL TENEMENT

MINERAL TENEMENT (SMALL)

FOSSICKING LICENCE- NO UTILISATION FOR COMMERCIAL OR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE

- NO USE OF POWER OPERATED EQUIPMENT TO WIN MINERALS

- NOT TRANSFERABLE

DULANG LICENCE- PERSONAL TO HOLDER

- SHALL PAY ROYALTIES

- NO USE OF POWER OPERATED EQUIPMENT TO WIN MINERALS

INDIVIDUAL MINING LICENCE

- SHALL PAY ROYALTIES

- PERSONAL TO HOLDER

- WITHIN DESIGNATED AREA


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CONTROL OF MINING OPERATION

Issuance of mining leases by authority

Licence or letter of authority Licence for the use of water

Authority to dump

Approval of mining scheme

- area to be mined

- dumping area

- effluent discharge

- dry dumping


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Standard Conditions

1. That mining operations shall be carried out by aclosed circuit water system whereby thedischarge of mine effluent into the drainage

system is strictly prohibited; the tailings andeffluent derived from mining operations shall bewholly confined within the dumping areas.

2. That no mining shall be carried out within ..metres from the centre of the .. Road withouta written approval from the Inspector of Mines.

3. That no mining or dumping shall be carried outwithin . metres from all the adjacent land, lotsno. without the written permission from the

Inspector of Mines


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Water hole

Tailing area

Tailing area

Palong

GP

Working area

Sungai Burung

TYPICAL MINING SCHEME (not to scale)

MC 0001LOT 002

Spillway

Kongsi

N

W.P W.P

W.P

Dry dumping

Stockpile


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Gravel Pump MiningGravel Pump Mining

Advantages: Low capital cost

Effective in alluvial deposit Equipments manufactured locally

Able to mine irregular bedrocks


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Issues Affecting Miners

short mining leases

mining on worked out area (@ muchgreater depth) stability problems

lack of dumping areas

higher cost if use monitor to mine (alsosafety problem)

higher fuel cost

higher cost of spare parts e.g. pumps,

liners, pipes etc.


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Issues Affecting Miners

water shortage during dry season

recovery of tin ore ~ 70% Sn

discharge of waste water into mainstreams

stability of mine face esp. when workupto the boundary

high cost of dewatering minehole ifheavy rain

poor ore recovery tin ore end up inthe tailings


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Panning

licences only issued to women

target poors from rural

supplement income

renewed annually

renewal fee of RM5.00 sale of ore not more than 15kg/month

panning at specified area in the licence


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Issues

pollution of stream & river water panning outside specified area

encroachment of private properties

abuses of licences

illegal involvement of men in activities

shortage of new areas

shortchanged by tin ore dealers


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21-Nov-06 8Mendulang


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21-Nov-06 6Palong


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21-Nov-06 7Mencuci palong


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RUSILA, TERENGGANU


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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

small-scale mining in malaysia & technological

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