Smaller Kingdoms in Southeast Asia and Korea

BL, AM, VS

Global 2H

Ms. R, Period 7

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The Geography of Southeast The Geography of Southeast AsiaAsia

• Southeast Asia is located in the southeastern region of Asia.Southeast Asia is located in the southeastern region of Asia.– It is located between the Indian and Pacific oceans.It is located between the Indian and Pacific oceans.– Its land area spans from Asia and almost to Australia.Its land area spans from Asia and almost to Australia.– The landmasses can be divided into two parts:The landmasses can be divided into two parts:

• The mainland peninsula, with China to the north and India to the west.The mainland peninsula, with China to the north and India to the west.• A mass of islands, with Sumatra, Borneo, and Java being three major ones.A mass of islands, with Sumatra, Borneo, and Java being three major ones.

• It is located within the tropics, where it is warm and humid. There are annual monsoons, which bring long It is located within the tropics, where it is warm and humid. There are annual monsoons, which bring long periods of rain.periods of rain.

• Southeast Asia’s lands are divided geographically.Southeast Asia’s lands are divided geographically.– The islands are each isolated by water, or cut by straits. Five major rivers flow south towards the sea, cutting valleys The islands are each isolated by water, or cut by straits. Five major rivers flow south towards the sea, cutting valleys

through the mainland. There are hills and mountains between these valleys, which divide the landscape further. through the mainland. There are hills and mountains between these valleys, which divide the landscape further. – Lords of trade routes and harbors heavily taxed merchants who passed through their waterways or used their ports.Lords of trade routes and harbors heavily taxed merchants who passed through their waterways or used their ports.

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Foreign InfluencesForeign Influences China was a major influence.China was a major influence.

China took direct control over parts of China took direct control over parts of the mainland southeast Asiathe mainland southeast Asia

They also forced local leaders to pay They also forced local leaders to pay tributetribute

Chinese people also migrated to this Chinese people also migrated to this area, and traded with the locals.area, and traded with the locals.

As they went south, they took their As they went south, they took their culture with them, and it mixed with culture with them, and it mixed with those of the locals.those of the locals.

India was another region that India was another region that influenced southeast Asia.influenced southeast Asia. Merchant boats began arriving in Merchant boats began arriving in

southeast Asia by the 1southeast Asia by the 1stst century C.E. century C.E. Hindu and Buddhist missionaries also Hindu and Buddhist missionaries also

traveled throughout this region, traveled throughout this region, spreading their faiths.spreading their faiths.

Kingdoms in this area were modeled Kingdoms in this area were modeled after Indian political ideas.after Indian political ideas.

Poets wrote in Sanskrit, India’s Poets wrote in Sanskrit, India’s language since ancient times.language since ancient times.

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Korea’s GeographyKorea’s Geography

• Korea consists of a peninsula sticking out of Asia, pointing in the general direction of Japan.– This peninsula is about the size of the

state of Utah.– The climate includes hot summers and

cold winters.– The land is very mountainous, with few

areas suitable for farming.• There is a mountainous barrier

separating Korea from its closest neighbor, Manchuria.– With this mountain range and the oceans

acting as natural barriers, Korea was able to develop in isolation.

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BL’s BibliographyBL’s Bibliography

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LocationSoutheastAsia.Phttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LocationSoutheastAsia.PNGNG (map image) (map image)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mount_Kinabalu.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mount_Kinabalu.jpg (Photo taken by William Smith)(Photo taken by William Smith)

http://www.stumbleupon.com/demo/#url=http://www.jpgmaghttp://www.stumbleupon.com/demo/#url=http://www.jpgmag.com/photos/213781.com/photos/213781 (Photo taken by Tom Carter) (Photo taken by Tom Carter)

http://www.iall.org/iall2007/http://www.iall.org/iall2007/ (Photographer unknown) (Photographer unknown) http://lingualearning.wordpress.com/2006/06/17/suggested-http://lingualearning.wordpress.com/2006/06/17/suggested-

reading-for-advanced-beginners-of-french-2/reading-for-advanced-beginners-of-french-2/ (Photographer unknown) (Photographer unknown)

http://icho2006.kcsnet.or.kr/main/i_icho2006/i_ie_en_koreahttp://icho2006.kcsnet.or.kr/main/i_icho2006/i_ie_en_korea.htm?qpage=i_ie_en_korea.htm?qpage=i_ie_en_korea (Maker of image unknown) (Maker of image unknown)

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Korean Early History• According to legend, the first

Korean state was either founded by Tan’gun, a hero who was half god, half bear, or a royal descendent of the Chinese Shang Dynasty . – Different clans controlled

different parts of the country. In 108 BC, the Han empire conquered most of Korea

– It was from there that the Koreans adapted the Chinese ideas of centralized government, Confucianism, Buddhism, and writing.

• During the Han rule, the clans that before ruled Korea gathered together into federations.– They later became 3 rival

kingdoms, with the Silla kingdom eventually defeating the others and taking control of the Korean peninsula during the 600s.

• Under Silla rule, Korean Buddhist monasteries were built, as well as various sculptures. Also, a writing system was established, using Chinese characters.

AM

The Koryu Dynasty and The Koryu Dynasty and CultureCulture

Around 900 AD, the Silla had Around 900 AD, the Silla had weakened, and the Koryu weakened, and the Koryu Dynasty, with their leader Dynasty, with their leader Wang Kon gained control. Wang Kon gained control.

This dynasty, which lasted This dynasty, which lasted from 935-1392, was modeled from 935-1392, was modeled under the Chinese centralized under the Chinese centralized government, as well as a government, as well as a Confucian civil service Confucian civil service examination. The Koryu examination. The Koryu dynasty had a distinct dynasty had a distinct separation of different social separation of different social classes, with important classes, with important positions becoming positions becoming hereditary.hereditary.

In 1231, the Mongols took over In 1231, the Mongols took over the dynasty and proposed a the dynasty and proposed a crushing tribute upon them crushing tribute upon them until 1392, when the Choson until 1392, when the Choson (Yi) Dynasty came to power (Yi) Dynasty came to power for another 518 years.for another 518 years.

The Koryu period produced:The Koryu period produced: Porcelain artists whose Porcelain artists whose

techniques were inspired by techniques were inspired by Song porcelain artists. Song porcelain artists.

Celadon pottery (had a milky Celadon pottery (had a milky green glaze coating to which green glaze coating to which the secret formula is now the secret formula is now lost)lost)

Poetry and the first national Poetry and the first national history of Koreahistory of Korea

Many great treasures of the Many great treasures of the Buddhist world (such as Buddhist world (such as carvings and blocks which carvings and blocks which remain to this day) remain to this day)

AM

AM’s BibliographyAM’s Bibliography

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/o/images/http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/o/images/openwor_korea.incens.lg.gifopenwor_korea.incens.lg.gif

http://www.culturalprofiles.net/japan/Media/-http://www.culturalprofiles.net/japan/Media/-10391_30.jpg10391_30.jpg

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/korea/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/korea/story/northview/link.korea.map.jpgstory/northview/link.korea.map.jpg

Textbook (used by everyone): Beck, Roger B., Textbook (used by everyone): Beck, Roger B., Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, and Dahia I. Shanaka. Naylor, and Dahia I. Shanaka. World History: World History: Patterns of InteractionPatterns of Interaction. 1999. . 1999.

AM

The Khmer Empire• The Khmer Empire was the

main power on the Southeast Asian mainland for centuries, reaching its peak in around 1200.• Funan, one of Khmer’s

early kingdoms, dominated a large amount of the sea trade between India and China.

• They built irrigation systems and waterways which helped them to grow three or four crops of rice a year, leading them to become prosperous.

• - In the Khmer capital of Angkor, large city-and-temple complexes were built.• The complex covers

almost a square mile, and is one of the world’s greatest architectural achievements.

• Angkor Wat is a complex that was built as a symbolic mountain for the Hindu god Vishnu.

Walled engravings from the Khmer Empire. VS

VietnamVietnam Vietnam of Southeast Asia was Vietnam of Southeast Asia was

influenced by India, and was influenced by India, and was located in the coastal region just located in the coastal region just south of China. south of China.

Vietnam fell under Chinese rule in Vietnam fell under Chinese rule in around 100 B.C., and remained around 100 B.C., and remained under their control for 1,000 under their control for 1,000 years.years.

- Vietnam broke away from China - Vietnam broke away from China in the early 900’s when the Tang in the early 900’s when the Tang Dynasty had grown weaker, and Dynasty had grown weaker, and became an independent kingdom became an independent kingdom in 939.in 939.

- The Vietnamese were greatly - The Vietnamese were greatly influenced by the Chinese, and influenced by the Chinese, and absorbed many of their cultural absorbed many of their cultural traditions, like Buddhism, while traditions, like Buddhism, while preserving their own cultural preserving their own cultural identity.identity.

- The Vietnamese capital, - The Vietnamese capital, Hanoi, was established on Hanoi, was established on the Red River Delta by the the Red River Delta by the rulers of the Ly Dynasty. rulers of the Ly Dynasty.

Vietnam expanded slowly Vietnam expanded slowly by the conquering of by the conquering of neighboring peoples.neighboring peoples.

- The Vietnamese forced the - The Vietnamese forced the Mongols to retreat after Mongols to retreat after capturing Hanoi three capturing Hanoi three different times.different times.

- The Vietnamese forced the - The Vietnamese forced the Mongols to retreat after Mongols to retreat after capturing Hanoi three capturing Hanoi three different times.different times.

A map of VietnamA map of VietnamVS

Island Trading KingdomsIsland Trading Kingdoms► The Sailendra Dynasty ruled a The Sailendra Dynasty ruled a

kingdom on the island of Java kingdom on the island of Java in Southeast Asia.in Southeast Asia.

►   ► - The Buddhist temple at - The Buddhist temple at

Borobudur is another of the Borobudur is another of the world’s great architectural world’s great architectural achievements.achievements.

►   ► - It was built around 800 and - It was built around 800 and

had nine terraced levels, like a had nine terraced levels, like a stepped pyramid.stepped pyramid.

►   ► - The island empire of Srivijaya - The island empire of Srivijaya

eventually dominated the eventually dominated the Sailendra Dynasty, as well as Sailendra Dynasty, as well as ruling the Strait of Malacca ruling the Strait of Malacca and other waters around the and other waters around the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.and Java.

► -The empire taxed trade that -The empire taxed trade that passed through its waters and passed through its waters and grew wealthy.grew wealthy.

►   ► - Palembang, the capital of the - Palembang, the capital of the

Srivijayas, was a center of Srivijayas, was a center of Buddhist learning where Buddhist learning where Chinese monks could study.Chinese monks could study.

Borobudur palaceVS

VS’s BibliographyVS’s Bibliography

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=13123&rendTypeId=4http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=13123&rendTypeId=4- - http://www.guardian.co.uk/http://www.guardian.co.uk/http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/gallery/2007/mar/24/http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/gallery/2007/mar/24/wonders.angkorwat.moaistatues?picture=329755158wonders.angkorwat.moaistatues?picture=329755158  - - http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/map.htmhttp://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/map.htm  -http://.picasaweb.google.com/stevebollinger/-http://.picasaweb.google.com/stevebollinger/AngkorWatCambodia2006/AngkorWatCambodia2006/photo#5007036263972648610photo#5007036263972648610

Thanks for watching!Thanks for watching!

This slide is by BL.This slide is by BL.

So are all the animations.So are all the animations.

And all the backgrounds.And all the backgrounds.