smart agricultural weed removal system

Smart Agricultural Weed RemovalSystem

HARIHARAN K1, IMMANUAL R2,NAGARANI S3, KALYANI S4

1Undergraduate Student,2,4Assistant Professor,3Associate Professor,

1Electronics and Communication Engineering,2Mechanical Engineering, 3,4 Mathematics & Humanities,

1,2,3,4 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, India-641010

July 13, 2018

Abstract

Nowadays, the technological improvements are increas-ing in a rapid manner. The Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have de-veloped in recent years drives to show the very fact thoseimprovements are in fact possible and these improvementshave improved our life and the way we live. The proposedsystem deals with the concept of Weed Removal System us-ing various communication protocols. Our proposed workincludes the involvement of Microcontroller, Communica-tion protocols such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi and other Elec-tronic Circuitry. Our project mainly involves the interfacingof Bluetooth module, H-Bridge driver and Servo motors tothe AT Mega 2560 microcontroller to detect the Weeds inthe Farmlands.

Key Words:Microcontroller, Surveillance, EmbeddedSystems, Weed Removal

1

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 120 No. 6 2018, 153-164ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

153

1 INTRODUCTION

Weeds are a major threat to Agricultural Lands and they decreasethe quality and quantity of agricultural, forestry products, affectingboth industry and consumers. Reports says that farmers in Aus-tralia spend around 1.5billionayearinweedcontrolactivitiesandafurther2.5billion a year in lost agricultural production. The real cost of weedsto the environment is difficult to calculate. They are destroyingnative habitats, threatening native plants and animals and chok-ing our natural systems including rivers, forests and other naturalresources. Most of the weed invasions change the natural diver-sity and balance of ecological situations. Also weeds threaten thesurvival of many plants and animals because they compete with na-tive plants for space, nutrients and sunlight. They can also causehuman health problems. Many common weeds such as Ragweed,Privet and Rye Grass cause asthma and other respiratory problems,especially in children. Some weeds can also cause skin irritation andsome are poisonous. Other weeds such as Water Hyacinth can affectthe quality of Drinking water if they are mixed with water supplyreservoirs and dams. Theres nothing to distinguish from a poisonor harmful weed.

2 TECHNOLOGY:

The main objective of this concept is to develop a Real Time WeedRemoval System for Farmlands, where weeds are a major hindranceto the crop growth. In this project we mainly focus on the WirelessVideo Transmission Technology, which can be done with the helpof an Android Application. When two smartphones [(i.e.) thesurveillance device and the monitoring device] are in a same Wi-Fi network, an IP address is generated. The IP Address is theaddress generated for the Wi-Fi Connection between two mobiledevices. Let us assume the first device as Mobile A and the Seconddevice as Mobile B. When both the devices are connected to asame network, Mobile A can stream a live video from its camerato Mobile B. It can also captures photos in various modes. Thiscomprises the Surveillance Part of the System.

For the controlling part, Bluetooth module is interfaced withAT Mega 2560 microcontroller along with DC Motors and Motor

2

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

154

Driver. The entire setup is placed in small vehicle chassis. User cancommunicate (such as moving the chassis in a Forward/Reversedirection) with the system by sending a signal to the BluetoothModule which is configured under Slave Mode (A HC-05 BluetoothModule can operate under Master Mode and Slave Mode), with thehelp of an Android Application. And for Weed Removal, a RoboticGripper with a Micro Servomotor is used, which also has to be inter-faced with the AT Mega 2560 microcontroller and controlled withthe same Android Application as used for the Bluetooth Control.This is the technology implemented in the System.

3 INNOVATIVENESS

One Base Platform - Many Applications: By the Base idea of In-terfacing Bluetooth Module, Motors, Driver module with a Micro-controller, we can extend this idea to more applications. The baseidea started with a Simple Video Surveillance System by using Blue-tooth which is used to control the entire system with the help of aSmartphone Application. Video Surveillance can be done with Wi-Fi hotspot and no data balance is needed for the Hotspot ServiceProvider. Now a days Packet Wi-Fi hotspots are available in theMarkets which makes the system more compact. We can extendthis idea to more applications like Room cleaning robot, Pick andPlace Robot etc.,

Integration: As of now, all the above modules are available indi-vidually. Weve integrated all the modules and completed the Firstphase of the prototype into a Semi-Automatic Robot that worksas a Video Surveillance System. The second phase involves the upgradation into a weed removal system. Integration and Assemblingof this system is simple and Easy to Use.

Implementation Cost: The total cost for implementing this projectis considerably moderate. All the components that are used in thisproject are available easily in the Electronic Markets. [CompleteProject can be manufactured under Rs.4000/-]

Controllability: The main advantage lies in the fact that entiresystem can be controlled in many ways. Semi-Automatic Weed Re-moval: The Complete System has to be placed inside the Farmlandand the User has the control to remove the weed by using Android

3


155

Application, thereby making it a semi-automatic one. In this tech-nique, user has to control the robot and remove the weed, whereverit occurs in the farmland.

Fully-Automatic Weed Removal: Also the system can be madecompletely Autonomous under this method. Here we are usingImage Processing Algorithms and Image Comparison Techniques todifferentiate a normal crop from a weed. The entire program canbe dumped into a specialised Microcontroller that is applicationspecific for Image Processing, the robot can be made completelyautonomous to remove the weed in a Farmland. In this case, therobot uses a specially designed camera to detect the weed that ispresent in between the normal crops. The camera senses the weedand sends a signal to the MCU that enables robotic gripper toremove the weed.

4 PROGRAMMING

The programming language used in this project is Embedded C inArduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).The completecode:

/* BLUETOOTH CONTROL ROBOT*/#define CW 4#define CCW 5#define CW2 6#define CCW2 7char state;char flag;void setup(){Serial.begin (9600);pinMode (CW, OUTPUT);pinMode (CCW, OUTPUT);pinMode (CW2, OUTPUT);pinMode (CCW2, OUTPUT);}void loop(){if (Serial.available() > 0)

4


156

{state = Serial.read();flag = ’0’;}if (state == ’w’){if (flag == ’0’){digitalWrite (CW, HIGH);digitalWrite (CW2, HIGH);delay(100);digitalWrite (CW, LOW);digitalWrite (CW2, LOW);flag=’1’;}}if (state == ’s’){if (flag == ’0’){digitalWrite (CCW, HIGH);digitalWrite (CCW2, HIGH);delay(100);digitalWrite (CCW, LOW);digitalWrite (CCW2, LOW);flag=’1’;}}if (state == ’a’){if (flag == ’0’){digitalWrite (CCW, HIGH);digitalWrite (CCW2, LOW);delay(100);digitalWrite (CCW, LOW);digitalWrite (CCW2, LOW);flag=’1’;}

5


157

}if (state == ’d’){if (flag == ’0’){digitalWrite(CCW, LOW);digitalWrite(CCW2, HIGH);delay(100);digitalWrite(CCW, LOW);digitalWrite(CCW2, LOW);flag=’1’;}}if (flag==’1’){digitalWrite(CCW, LOW);digitalWrite(CCW2, LOW);digitalWrite(CW, LOW);digitalWrite(CW2, LOW);}}

5 DESCRIPTION

The Block Diagram of the proposed system: The block diagram forthe system is as follows,

Fig.1.0: Block Diagram of the Video Surveillance System

Here, HC-05 module is used to control the robot and Wi-FiModule is used for Video Surveillance System. The circuit connec-tions are made as per the block diagram. The Bluetooth Moduleis interfaced with the Microcontroller and the program is dumped

6


158

into the MCU Unit. Since, both of the motors need more drivingcurrent, a L293D Motor Driver Module is used to drive the mo-tors. After making the final circuit connections, the code has to bedumped inside the MCU using Serial Programming Cable.

On the contrary, a smartphone application is interfaced withthe Bluetooth Module. The Default passcode is 1234 or 0000.Af-ter paring the mobile phone with HC-05, the mobile phone startscommunicating with the Microcontroller. The commands for themovement of robot can be set inside the application settings. Whenall the setup is done, the robot can be navigated in all the four basicdirections (Forward, Reverse, Left and Right).

Also for Video Surveillance System, a portable hotspot has tobe attached in the Vehicle Chassis Prototype and two devices mustbe used. One acts as a Surveillance camera in which the applicationis installed and its kept running. Also it must be connected to thehotspot and it can generate an IP Address. The other device acts asa Monitoring System where it has to be connected to the same Wi-Fi hotspot. So, the entire setup forms a Local Wireless Network.The main advantage of the setup is no data balance is needed forconnectivity and Video transmission.

Fig.2.1: Arduino Development Board

The Mega 2560 is a Microcontroller board based on the AT-mega2560.

- 54 digital input/output pins (15-PWM outputs), 16 analogpins

- 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports),

- a 16 MHz crystal oscillator,

7


159

- a USB connection,

- a power jack,

- an ICSP header and

- a reset button.

The AT MEGA 2560 can be programmed in Embedded C, Ar-duino IDE.,

Fig.2.2: HC-05 Bluetooth Module

The function of Bluetooth serial module:-There are two MCUs want to communicate with each other.

One connects to Bluetooth master device while the other one con-nects to slave device. Their connection can be built once the pairis made. This Bluetooth connection is equivalently liked to a serialport line connection including RXD, TXD signals. And they canuse the Bluetooth serial module to communicate with each other.-When MCU has Bluetooth slave module, it can communicate withBluetooth adapter of computers and smart phones. Then there is avirtual communicable serial port line between MCU and computeror smart phone.

Fig.2.3: H-Bridge Motor Driver Module

8


160

The Device is a monolithic integrated high voltage, high currentfour channel driver designed to accept standard DTL or TTL logiclevels and drive inductive loads (such as relays, DC and steppingmotors) and switching power transistors. To simplify use as twobridges each pair of channels is equipped with an enable input. Aseparate supply input is provided for the logic, allowing operation ata lower voltage and internal clamp diodes are included. This deviceis suitable for use in switching applications at frequencies up to 5kHz. The L293D is assembled in a 16 lead plastic package whichhas 4 center pins connected together and used for heat sinking TheL293DD is assembled in a 20 lead surface mount which has 8 centerpins connected together and used for heat sinking.

Fig.2.3.1: Switching Time Response

Fig.2.4: Micro Servo Motor

Fig.2.5: Robotic Gripper

Tiny and lightweight with high output power. Servo can rotateapproximately 180 degrees (90 in each direction), and works justlike the standard kinds but smaller.

9


161

Fig.3.1: Android Application User Interface(s)

Fig.4.0: SOLIDWORKS Software Design Files

Fig.5.0: The Completed First Phase of the Project

10


162

6 CONCLUSION

In this proposal, we have implemented the weed removal systemwhere the user must be present at the farmland. The above ideacan be extended by controlling the entire robot using Internet ofThings (IoT) technology and upgrading to Enterprise of Things(EoT). Also the entire framework can be monitored and controlledremotely with a Computer.

Acknowledgment The authors thank the Management, Di-rector and Principal of Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technologyfor their constant support and guidance. This research work wassupported by Intelligent Signal Processing Research Cluster.

References

[1] URL for the complete you tube video demonstration for thisproject,

[2] PART-1: https://goo.gl/Cb0baS

[3] PART-2: https://goo.gl/O7FyWY

[4] Pavan.C, Dr. B. Sivakumar Wi-Fi ROBOT FOR VIDEOMONITORING & SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM InternationalJournal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue8, August-2012.

[5] A.Sivasoundari, S.Kalaimani, M.Balamurugan WIRELESSSURVEILLANCE ROBOT WITH MOTION DETECTIONAND LIVE VIDEO TRANSMISSION International Journalof Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) ISSN: 23196378,Volume-I, Issue-6 April 2013.

[6] Saliyah Kahar, Riza Sulaiman, Anton Satria Prabuwono,Mohd Fahmi Mohamad Amran, Suziyanti Marjudi Data Trans-ferring Technique for Mobile Robot Controller via MobileTechnology 2011 International Conference on Pattern Analysisand Intelligent Robotics 28-29 June 2011.

11


163

smart agricultural weed removal system

Documents