smart approaches in tackling drink driving european road safety conference 1 alcohol and driving in...

SMART Approaches in Tackling Drink DrivingEuropean Road Safety Conference

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Alcohol and driving in GermanyPrague May 7th, 2015

Dr. Horst Schulze

Federal Highway Research Institute

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•6th EU Framework Program project

•Start: 15.10.2006

•Duration: five years

•EU contribution: 19 Mio. €

•37 partners

•17 EU Member States and Norway

•Seven Work Packages

•Co-ordinator: BASt, Germany

May 7th, 2015Dr. Horst Schulze

Druid: some facts

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Problem situation: Epidemiology

Controls: Roadside survey Drivers of personal vehicles Stratified sample Checked at random N = 50 000

Cases I: injured drivers Drivers of personal vehicles Seriously injured (MAIS≥2) N = 2 600

Cases II: killed driversDrivers of personal vehicles Killed in traffic N = 1 000

Conducted in 13 countries according to a standardized

procedure


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Roadside survey: All substances

Prevalence of all psychoactive substances:

EU-Average: 7.43%

Colours• No data• above European average• below European average


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• Most prevalent periods: weekend nights, week nights (22:00-04:00)• Alcohol 2-4 times more prevalent in male than in female drivers• Alcohol most prevalent among male drivers 50+

Roadside survey: All substances


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Roadside survey: Alcohol + drugs

• Combination any drug + alcohol• European mean: 0.37% (alcohol > 0.1g/L: 3.5%)


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Prevalence and risk


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Alcohol Drugs Medicines

Target groups • ♂ < 35 years• ♂ > 50 years• Addicts

• ♂ < 35 years• alcohol + drugs • drugs + drugs• sleep deprivation

• ♀ > 50 years • healthcare

providers

Enforcement • focus on alcohol • not at cost of alcohol enforcement

• more training in drug detection

• focus on misuse and combined consumption

DRUID: Recommendations


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Alcohol Drugs Medicines

Rehabilitation measures

• EU-wide harmonization • EU-wide harmonization

• in case of misuse

Withdrawal • EU-wide harmonization• 3-12 months• combination of

conditional withdrawal and treatment

• zero alcohol limits for young, novice and professional drivers

• EU-wide harmonization

• for regular consumers in combination with rehabilitation

• in case of misuse

Future investigations

• evaluation of countermeasures

• alternative empirical methods

• Improvement of drug screening devices

• dried-blood-spots

• more research• standardization

of assessment


DRUID: Recommendations

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Accident risk – empirical evidence

Alcohol ban for novice drivers

Even a small blood alcohol concentration may impair driving ability of young, inexperienced drivers significantly.


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Accident risk – Preusser (2002)

Relative accident risk (reference value are unimpaired 35 to 49 year olds)


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International Evaluations

Alcohol ban for novice drivers

● US, Canada:

Reduction of fatalities between 11 and 33%

● Austria: O, 1 ‰ alcohol limit in combination with the

introduction of the probationary driving

reduction of the proportion of drunk novice drivers (BAC above 0.8 ‰) that were involved in accidents with serious injuries or fatalities to 16, 8%


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Acceptance of alcohol prohibition

Survey on alcohol ban for novice drivers (DEKRA, N=1100, 2007)

● 86.4% of drivers of all ages welcome the new regulatory

● 83.5% of the 16 to 26 year olds

FORSA-Survey made on behalf of the „Stern“ (18- to 25 year old, N=1001, März 2007)

● 92% argue for a total ban on alcohol for novice drivers

Internet-survey DVR (novice drivers, N=mehr als 14.000, 2006)

● 82% argue for a total ban on alcohol for novice drivers


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German Regulations

Zero tolerance alcohol law for novice drivers

Initial point:

• Implementation of the law: August 2007.

• The limit is applicable to novice drivers of all ages during two years of probation and to all drivers under 21.

• This decision was made referring to studies on risk factors and accident statistics:

- Alcohol remains a very important accident cause.

- In 2007 one third of all alcohol related accidents were caused by drivers between 18 and 24 years old.

- Exceptionally high risk of younger drivers is the result of the combination of multiple factors.

• Aims of evaluation:

It was investigated how the new law affects the accident events and alcohol-related traffic offenses committed by the target group.


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German Road Safety Measures

Implementation of zero tolerance alcohol law for novice drivers (2007)

Evaluation study

Accidents The total number of novice drivers that were involved in accidents and had a blood alcohol content of at least 0.03 percent dropped by 15% in the first 12 months after the introduction of the law.

Alcohol offences A reduction of 17% of all the registered alcohol offences among young drivers under 21 years of age was found during the period after the introduction of the law. This compares to a reduction of 2.5% for all persons older than 21 years. (Holte, Assing, Pöppel-Decker & Schönebeck, 2010)


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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

acci

dent

invo

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(18

-24

year

s)

acci

dent

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lved

(m

ore

than

24

year

s)

Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol1991-2013

> 24 years

18-20 years

21-24 years

Dr. Horst Schulze May 7th, 2015

Accident Statistics

17Dr. Horst Schulze May 7th, 2015

Accident Statistics

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Share of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol1991-2013

18-20 years

21-24 years

> 24 years

18

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol by bac18-20 years

0,3-0,5 mg/l

0,5-0,8 mg/l

0,8-1,1 mg/l

1,1-1,6 mg/l

>1,6 mg/l


Accident Statistics

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol by BAC18-20 years

0,3-0,5 mg/l

0,5-0,8 mg/l

0,8-1,1 mg/l

1,1-1,6 mg/l

>1,6 mg/l

Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol by bac21-24 years

0,3-0,5 mg/l

0,5-0,8 mg/l

0,8-1,1 mg/l

1,1-1,6 mg/l

>1,6 mg/l

May 7th, 2015 19Dr. Horst Schulze

Accident Statistics

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol by BAC21-24 years

0,3-0,5 mg/l

0,5-0,8 mg/l

0,8-1,1 mg/l

1,1-1,6 mg/l

>1,6 mg/l

20May 7th, 2015Dr. Horst Schulze

Accident Statistics

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Number of accident involved car drivers under the influence of alcohol by BAC> 24 years

0,3-0,5 mg/l

0,5-0,8 mg/l

0,8-1,1 mg/l

1,1-1,6 mg/l

>1,6 mg/l

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Conclusions

• Alcohol is the most prevalent substance in seriously injured and killed drivers in Europe

• The zero tolerance alcohol law for young and novice drivers improved traffic safety (accidents, offences) of this group substantially.

• The acceptance of the law was high in the target group right from the beginning

– key factor for success

– When acceptance remains high, a sustainable consolidation or even increase of the effect can be reached

• To stabilise acceptance and compliance:

- Thematic presence of the danger of DUI driving in public (campaigns etc.) and educational measures

- Enforcement

• “Driving Drinkers” can not be reached only by legal measures Enforcement Withdrawl Rehabilitation


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Thank you very much

for your attention!


smart approaches in tackling drink driving european road safety conference 1 alcohol and driving in...

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