smart building · pdf file · 2018-03-05related to the coil geometry within the...

1 © 2016 ANSYS, Inc. February 27, 2018 ANSYS Confidential

SMART BUILDING SIMULATION


Agenda

• Overview

• Smart Home

• WPT

• Beam forming

• Smart Home Example

• Extension using System


Overview


Agenda• Many different aspects to consider

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Let’s start with a smart home

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ANSYS Solutions for Wireless Power Transfer


Wireless Power Supply

• Method :– Near Field

• Electromagnetic Induction

• Magnetic Resonance

– Far Field

• Resonance

• Microwave

Ref.: Nikkei Electronics Mar. 2007EE Times Japan Oct. 2009, Nov. 2010


Method Map

Ref: EE Times Japan 2009.10

1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m

100%

50%

0%

Transfer Distance

Effi

cien

cy Resonance type

Induction type(~15W) Induction type(~50kW)

Microwave type

Near Field

Far Field

HFSSDesigner

MaxwellSimplorer


Near-Field (Inductive coupling, resonant)

• Do not rely on propagating EM waves.

• Operate at distances less than a wavelength of transmission signal

• Resonance obtained by use of external circuit capacitor, tuned farad for resonance

• Can be solved using separate Magnetic Solver– Magnetic coupling between the coils

Far-Field (resonant)

• Operating range to ~10 meters

• Tradeoff between directionality and transmission efficiency.

• Self capacitance of coil turns are of importance

• Requires full wave solver with coupled electric and magnetic field equations

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

Focus of this workshop

MaxwellSimplorer

HFSSDesigner


Let’s see the parking lot

Application Example

Objective: Wireless Power Transfer

To design electromagnetic power transfer from a coil to another coil based on inductive coupling and/or resonant (wireless) coupling

ANSYS Solution

• Using ANSYS Maxwell to calculate the inductive coupling to design the coil topologies

• Extract the frequency dependent model from eddy solver based on SSM (state-space-model)

• Using ANSYS Simplorer to import the SSM and build the entire electric drive system.

Design Impact

• Designing entire system analyzing the nonlinear interactions among various drive components

• Reduce the design cycle accounting for parametric variations related to the coil geometry within the same drive system configuration


Applications of Maxwell


Geometry


0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00H (A_per_meter)

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

B (

tesla

)WPT Analysis using Maxwell

• Verification for core saturation– Core’s BH curve, Mag_B field plot

– No magnetic saturation

Nonlinear BH curve 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00Current [A]

0.00

0.01

0.10

1.00

Ga

p [m

ete

r]

2D_Static_BHMutual Inductance L12 ANSOFT

Matrix1.L(C

[nH]

0.0000e+000

5.7000e+003

1.1400e+004

1.7100e+004

2.2800e+004

2.8500e+004

3.4200e+004

Specification Area

As Maximum Flux Density is within linear region, cores can be modelled as Linear magnetic material


Parametric Analysis using Maxwell (Gap, Sliding)

Mutual Inductance Vs Gap Vs Slide

Coupling Coefficient Vs Gap Vs Slide


Loss Calculation

• In Addition to Ohmic losses in windings, the system is subjected to other losses

– Hysteresis Losses in Magnetic Core Plates

∝ (Frequency)

– Eddy Current Losses in the Conducting shield plates

∝ (Frequency)2

• Total Power losses are function of Frequency

• A Frequency domain analysis can be used to predict the losses in the system


Loss Calculation: Frequency Sweep

Core Loss Vs Frequency

Core Losses in the Core Plates at 100 kHz


System Approach with Simplorer

Secondary Coil

Primary Coil

Reduced Order Model (ROM)


Transient Analysis

Results are Same as Traditional ApproachBut ROM validity domain is greater


Efficiency Map

• Output/Input Power

• Tuned capacitance for each conditions

90%

50%

20%

[%]100

cos

in

out

P

P

VIP

Effi

cien

cy[%

]

Sliding [mm]Gap [mm]

Max.96%


System Simulation – WPT

0

0

0

R1

(1/87-0.004) ohm

R2

(1/348-0.001) ohm

Cs

1.93uF

Cp

5.24uF

Rload

10ohm

W

+

WM1

W

+

WM2

D4

D3

D2

D1

IGBT4

IGBT3

IGBT2

IGBT1

C1

1000uF

TRANS4

DT4

TRANS3

SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL

TRANS2

DT1

TRANS1

SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL

STATE_11_4

SET: TSV4:=0SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0

SET: TSV1:=0DEL: DT4##Dead_Time

STATE_11_3


SET: TSV1:=0

STATE_11_2

SET: TSV4:=0

SET: TSV3:=0SET: TSV2:=0


STATE_11_1

SET: TSV4:=1


SET: TSV1:=1

TRIANG1

AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq

SINE1

AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency

ICA:FML_INIT1

Modulation_Index:=0

Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k

DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u

~

3PHAS

~

~

A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)

PHI = 0°

PHI = -120°

PHI = -240°

THREE_PHASE1

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D10 Battery

- +

LBATT_A1

D11

D12

D13

D14

C2

1e-006farad

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]

-40.00

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

Y1 [A

]

Curve Info rms

WM1.ITR 9.4139

WM2.ITR 10.5939

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]

-300.00

-100.00

100.00

300.00Y

1 [V

]Curve Info rms

WM1.VTR 154.9045

WM2.VTR 120.2425

1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]

-40.00

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

Y1 [A

]

-200.00

-100.00

0.00

100.00

200.00

Y2 [V

]

MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783

-6.0797

-1.2036-0.0090

131.1979

-0.51411.340627.9814

156.0455

0.0030

Curve Info Y Axis rms

WM1.ITR Y1 9.3501

WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176

WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594

WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615

Current_1st_1:src

Current_1st_2:src

Current_2nd_1:src

Current_2nd_2:src

Current_1st_1:snk

Current_1st_2:snk

Current_2nd_1:snk

Current_2nd_2:snk

0

0

0

R1

(1/87-0.004) ohm

R2

(1/348-0.001) ohm

Cs

1.93uF

Cp

5.24uF

Rload

10ohm

W

+

WM1

W

+

WM2

D4

D3

D2

D1

IGBT4

IGBT3

IGBT2

IGBT1

C1

1000uF

TRANS4

DT4

TRANS3

SINE1.VAL > TRIANG1.VAL

TRANS2

DT1

TRANS1

SINE1.VAL < TRIANG1.VAL

STATE_11_4



STATE_11_3


SET: TSV1:=0

STATE_11_2

SET: TSV4:=0



STATE_11_1

SET: TSV4:=1


SET: TSV1:=1

TRIANG1

AMPL=1FREQ=Carrier_Freq

SINE1

AMPL=Modulation_IndexFREQ=Frequency

ICA:FML_INIT1

Modulation_Index:=0

Carrier_Freq:=10kFrequency:=10k

DC_Source:=200Dead_Time:=2u

~

3PHAS

~

~

A * sin (2 * pi * f * t + PHI + phi_u)

PHI = 0°

PHI = -120°

PHI = -240°

THREE_PHASE1

D5

D6

D7

D8

D9

D10 Battery

- +

LBATT_A1

D11

D12

D13

D14

C2

1e-006farad

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]

-40.00

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

Y1 [A

]

Curve Info rms

WM1.ITR 9.4139

WM2.ITR 10.5939

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00Time [ms]

-300.00

-100.00

100.00

300.00

Y1 [V

]

Curve Info rms

WM1.VTR 154.9045

WM2.VTR 120.2425

1.90 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2.00Time [ms]

-40.00

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

Y1 [A

]

-200.00

-100.00

0.00

100.00

200.00

Y2 [V

]

MX1: 1.9753MX2: 1.9783

-6.0797

-1.2036-0.0090

131.1979

-0.51411.340627.9814

156.0455

0.0030

Curve Info Y Axis rms

WM1.ITR Y1 9.3501

WM2.ITR Y1 10.5176

WM1.VTR Y2 153.6594

WM2.VTR Y2 119.4615

Current_1st_1:src

Current_1st_2:src

Current_2nd_1:src

Current_2nd_2:src

Current_1st_1:snk

Current_1st_2:snk

Current_2nd_1:snk

Current_2nd_2:snk

AC200V Rectify Inverter

Wireless Power Transformer Battery

Controller


Wireless Charging


At home: Wireless charger > Transformer Design

Optimize the performance of Wireless Power Transformer


Optimized Transformer in Maxwell

Coupling Coefficient Vs Gap Vs Slide

Wireless charger in operation

ChargerSliding

Charger Gap


Generic Adaptive Beamforming using HFSS & SBR+


Simple Beamforming with Pilot Signal Example

Device (Beacon Antenna)

Phased Array

• Device transmits pilot (beacon) signal• Phased array samples mag and phase of

known received signal• Capture channel state information

• Apply beamforming algorithm to drive phased array (including null steering if needed)

• Resulting pattern contains all information about channel (maybe not just a simple beam)


faDDM Solution – 256 Element Array

*simulated in parallel on 32 cores

Considered Array Antenna

Detail of 1 unit array


Test Cases

• Line of Sight Adaptive Beamforming– Beacon antenna and array have line of sight

– Array tracks device location in 3D space

• Beamforming with No line of sight– Adaptive beamforming while device transitions to a no line of sight

scenario

• Real World Indoor Environment– Adaptive beamforming in scenario with complex scattering

environment

– Multiple transmit devices


Real World Indoor Environment


Real World Indoor Environment

• Complex Scattering Environment– Dielectric and Metal

• Conjugate Beamforming determines most effective weighting of phased array based on channel information captured by beacon

• Changes to environment are compensated for by array

Device/Beacon

Array


Beamforming with Blockage

Scene 1 – No obstructions Scene 2 – Partial Obstruction

Device/Beacon

Obstruction


Scene 2 – Partial Obstruction

Device/Beacon

Obstruction

Beam develops for alternate path due to obstruction


Multiple Devices

Device 1

Device 2

Multiple Devices Operating in Same EnvironmentBeamforming used to serve both devices or steer null into direction of 1 device to limit interference


Multiple Devices – 2 Scenarios

Scene 1 – No obstructions2 Beams formed, one in the

direction of each device

Scene 2 – Partial ObstructionAt least 3 beams formed to exploit the multi-

path environment to reduce impact of blockage

Obstruction

Device/Beacon


Multipath Enviroment


Summary

• A basic beamforming solution/validation approach is shown

• Simulation approach could be extended to shown more complex beamforming algorithms

• Applications could include– Communications, data transmission: 60GHz and other 5G technologies

– HF Wireless Power Transfer


SMART HOME

Safa Salman

Charlotte Blair

Peter Krenz

Saeed Jahangirian

Mehdi Abarham

Laila Salman


Engineering Challenges …

House CAD Model provided courtesy of Juliano Mologni, ESSS


Smart Home Modeling …


Smart Motion Detection & Surveillance Camera


Energy Control Unit

Triple Band Antenna

@ 900 MHz

@ 2.45 GHz

@ 5.8 GHz


Energy Control Unit + Light Bulb


Thermal Analysis of LED Light Bulb

ANSYS DesignModeler ANSYS Icepak ANSYS MechanicalANSYS HFSS

ANSYS DesignXplorer

Temperature contour of the LED light bulb

(external parts)

Orthotropic thermal conductivity map (Kz) of the PCB

left: top layer; right: bottom layer

Temperature contour of the LED heatsink

and LED sources


Thermal Stress Analysis of LED Light Bulb

Imported Temperature Map of LED light bulb

Calculated deformation based on temperature map


Smart Home HVAC System with Sensing Actuator


ANSYS CFD Simulations Enable Virtual Energy Efficient Homes

Time = 0 sec

Occupant enters

Time = 0 sec

Actuator opens the duct damper

Time = 0.5 sec

Damper fully open, maximum flow of cold air

Iso-surfaces of Temperature at 55 F


Full Virtual Model of Zonal Cooling Controlled by IoT Devices


CFD Provides Insight to System Operations

Air Velocity at 41 sec after Damper Opening


SMART HOME EXTENDED


It’s a system

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Integrating Components and Subsystems into the SystemAnsys solution system: Simplorer

Reduced Order Model Creation

Functional Mockup Interface (FMI)

3rd Party System

Modeling tools

(AMESim, Simulink,

Dymola, GT Suite etc.)

Embedded Software Integration

ANSYS SCADE

C Code

Co-simulationwith 3D Physics

ANSYS 3D Physics

MechEM ThermalFluid

Multi-Domain Model Libraries

Language-Based Modeling

VHDL-AMS

C/C++

SPICE

SML

Modelica

Analog

Digital

Multi-Domain

App-Specific

Power Systems

Manufacturers


Behavioral Models in Product Development In Many Forms…

Circuits

Block Diagrams

Co-simulation

Digital/Mixed-Signal

State Machines

Reduced-Order Models

Multi-Domain Assemblies

C Code, FMUs

Data-Driven / Look-up Tables


Reduced Order Models (ROMs) for Multiple Physics, Multiple Problem Types


Standards for Connecting Simulation Models

MODEL PORTABILITYTOOL INTEROPERABILITYENTERPRISE DEPLOYABILITY


0

00 0

PMSM_DQn1

n2

n3

m1

SIMPARAM1

L1

L2

L3

N1

N2

N3

I1 I3

I_Motor

-

~P

N

V

U

W

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6

U1E1

EMF=1000V

A B C

N

U_UMR

PWM

Modulator

DC-Link

Voltage

Integrating

Current

Sampling

Mechanical

Angle Input

u1

u2

Udc

u3

V1

V2

V3

V4

V5

V6

I_1

I_3

I1f

I3f

phi_m

phi_el

w_el

FPGA

PWM_3PH1

+

V

VM1

+

FSM_ROTB1

A B C

N

U_MOT

L1

L2

L3

N1

N2

N3

S_Motor

CTRL=S1

OFF

SET: S1:=0

Time >= Tsw ON

SET: S1:=1

MASS_ROTB1

A

AM4

C1

C2

R1

R2

R3 L1

TF_ROTB1

w_ref

phi_el

i1f

i3f

w_el

u1

u2

u3

n_ref

TDELAY=5ms

AMPL=n_ref-n0

TRISE=300ms

OFF=n0

Load_Torque

TDELAY=t_load

AMPL=trq_load

TRISE=20ms

OFF=0

Power Source

Power Electronics:Inverter

Motor(PMSM)

MechanicalDynamics & Loads

Power Cables

Embedded Control

Behavioral Models in Product Development From Many Sources…

• HVAC• E-WINDOWS/STORES• ENERGY

MANAGEMENT• HEATING

MANAGEMENT• E-DEVICES• PRESENCE

DETECTION• …


PERSPECTIVES


Extension to building

Source internet


… and SMART CITY (or PLANT)

Source internet

Connected to smart grid


QUESTIONS/DISCUSSION

smart building · pdf file · 2018-03-05related to the coil geometry within the...

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