smart card based electronic passport system

Smart Card Based Electronic Passport

System

http://www.edgefxkits.com/

Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System

Introduction

To access details of a passport holder through Smart card technology. For this purpose, the authorized person is provided with a Smart card. This card contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing, processing information through modulating and demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is being transmitted by the reader.

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Block Diagram







Hardware Requirements Arduino develop board

RFID Reader RFID tags LCD Resistors Capacitors Diodes Transformer Voltage Regulator Crystal and LED.







Software Requirements

Arduino software Language: Arduino programming language







What Smart Card? A Smart card is a plastic card about the size of a credit card.

With an embedded microchip that can be loaded with data.

Used for telephone calling, cash payments , and other applications, and then periodically refreshed for additional use.







How Does It Work? Smart Card inserted into Card Acceptor Device (CAD), card reader

Communicated with CAD through half duplex serial lines with a data rate of up to 9600 bits per second

Commands follow standard ISO 7816 specifications

Smart Card can get information from host computer, provide identification, do encryptions/decryption , etc.







Smart Card Readers Computer based readers

• Connect through USB or COM (Serial) ports


Dedicated terminals• Usually with a small screen, keypad, printer,

often also have biometric devices such as thumb print scanner.






Terminal/PC Card Interaction

The terminal/PC sends commands to the card (through the serial line).

The card executes the command and sends back the reply.

The terminal/PC cannot directly access memory of the card

Data in the card is protected from unauthorized access.

This is what makes the card smart.







Fields of Smart Card UsageHealth Applications

For example in Germany health insurance companies will issue an electronic health card

Cards for the health professionals

Electronic passport (ePass, ICAO-specifications)

No need to say that BSI is active in this field…







Fields of Smart Card UsageeGovernment / eCard

Goal: to fit as many applications as possible onto one card in order to avoid multiple cards for every citizen

BSI is very active to promote this concept in Germany

Social insurance also related to this







Fields of Smart Card UsageDigital Signatures

As you know CC evaluation is required here by law in Germany and other countries

Digital Tachographs

Smart cards will be used in trucks in Europe instead of paper disks in order to store driving times and similar data

Access Control in companies and organizations

Public Transport







Physical Structure & Life Cycle Physical structure specified by ISO Standard 7810, 7816

Printed circuit provides five connection points for power and data

Capability of Smart Card defined by IC chip

Microprocessor ROM RAM EEPROM







RFID Privacy and Smartcard Privacy

Transponder (RFID-Tag, RFID-Label)

Antenna

Integration in Information Systems (i.e. Server, Services, Back Office …Example: inventory control system)


RFID = Radio Frequency Identification






RFIDRFID has 3 identity types

ID linked to Person:

direct identification: personal data on chip (biometrics) personal data in database (employee badge)

ID linked to Service:

In combination with person ID (banking, season cards) Anonymous (one time public transportation paper tickets)







RFIDID linked to Object / Product:

Product information in database (retail products, library books)

Direct identification (car keys)

Combining Object/Product ID with Individual is additional step, covered by existing privacy principles







Privacy-enhancing solutions for RFID

System-solutions

Encryption

Tag/Reader Authentication

Range reduction

Antenna size/design







Privacy-enhancing solutions for RFID

Consumer-in-Control Solutions

“Kill-switch”

Removable tags

Blocker tags

Shielding

User interface (NFC-device)







RFID tagsICC Principles of Fair RFID use

RFID-use should be legal, honest, decent

• No personal data stored in RFID-tag

Consumer information and choice

• Labeling

• How to remove / disable tags







RFID tags

ICC Principles of Fair RFID use

Privacy statement including RFID/EPC use

• What data is collected via RFID• Purposes of collection/use• Data disclosures (if any)

Data security

Individual’s right of access to data in RFID-enabled IT-system







Applications of RFID System Logistics Chains

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

Inventory Control







Applications of RFID System

Some Benefits

Reducing the sources of errors(for instance reduction of inventory inaccuracies)

Minimizing out of stocks

Reduction of labor costs

Simplification of business processes







16X2 LCD Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and

20x2 displays.

This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.

The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates directly with the LCD.







If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines

plus the 8 lines for the data bus).

The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW.

EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data).

RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)

(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ).

R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)

(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD).

LCD Background







LCD Diagram







Working Principal The authorized person is provided with a Smart card.

This card contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing, processing information through modulating

Demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is being transmitted by the reader.

Thus, the data stored in this card is referred to as passport details of the person.







Working Principal Passport verification and checking is a very time consuming

process.

This proposed system simplifies the process by giving the authorized person

A smart card containing all the passport details like name, passport number and nationality, etc.

Once, the person places the card into the card reader, it reads the data and verifies it with the data present in the system and, if it matches, then it displays the details of the passport holder.







Working Principal This project utilizes a microcontroller from the 8051 family.

For display, a 16X2 LCD is used. The status also can be retrieved from this system by pressing the status button interfaced to a microcontroller.

Furthermore, the project can be enhanced by using finger printer module.

This overcomes the drawbacks of smart card and provides high level of security to the system.


http://www.edgefxkits.com/8051-microcontroller-projects






ApplicationsAuthentication

PKI authentication

OTP authentication

Secret keys

Digital Signature

PKI authentication, OTP authentication, Secret keys







ApplicationsOnline Card Content Management

Lazy activation

PKI certificate renewal







Conclusion


Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System was designed and implemented to avoid forgery and security purpose. the project can be enhanced by using finger printer module. This overcomes the drawbacks of smart card and provides high level of security to the system.

http://www.edgefxkits.com/smart-card-based-electronic-passport-system

http://www.edgefxkits.com/smart-card-based-electronic-passport-system





smart card based electronic passport system

Engineering