smart card [by susant]

8/2/2019 Smart Card [by Susant]

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Contents :

What is smart card ?

Smart Card Components

Functional chip of smart card

How does a smart card works ?

Smart card Technology

Categories of Smart Card Smart Card Readers

Advantages & Disadvantages

Applications

Conclusion

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Introduction :

Smart cards were introduced in Europe in the beginning of1990s, basically to reduce theft and fraud in payphones.

WHAT IS A SMART CARD ?

It is like an electronic wallet.

A standard credit card sized plastic intelligent token within whichSi microchip is embedded.

It has a memory & an operating system.

Operating system provides standard way of exchanginginformation.

Memory provides the space for storage of data.

The chip also contains advanced security features that protectscards data.

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Smart Card Components

Carrier: The basic material of which the card body is made.

Carrier should be : Resistant to mechanical failure.

Able to withstand high temperatures.

Cheap

PVC [Poly Vinyl Chloride], ABS [Acrylonitrile ButadieneStyrene] and PETP [Poly Ethylene Terephthalate] often

used. PVC: All rounder

ABS: Brittle but withstands higher temperatures

PETP: High flexibility

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Smart Card Components Contd.

Processor or the CPU

Currently all processors are 8 bit ones with CISC(Complex instruction set computing) architecture.

Typical Clock Speeds: 5 MHz. Future: Will slowly move to 32 bit architecture due to

JavaCards.

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ROM: Read Only Memory

Used for storing fixed programs.

Typically varies from 2KB to around 16 KB.

Once written, cannot be changed. Occupies the least area.

PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory

Used for loading card serial number.

Very small, typically just 32 bytes.

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EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read OnlyMemory

Used for storing data that might change. Similar to aHDD.

Holds various applications and their data.

Can be read or written to subject to permissions.

Typically varies from 2KB to 32 KB depending on need.

RAM: Random Access Memory

Used as temporary storage.

Erased on power off.

Typically varies between 128 Bytes to 512 Bytes.

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I/O Interface: Input Output Interface

Controls data flow to and from the card.

Flow occurs one bit at a time in a half duplex manner.

Typical Data flow rate is 9600 bits/sec.

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Functional chip of smart card :

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How does a smart card works ?CARD IS INSERTED IN

THE TERMINALCARD GETS POWER ,OS

BOOTS UP, SENDS ATR(ANSWER TO RESET)

CARD RESPONDS WITHAN ERROR (BECAUSE MFSELECTION IS ONLY ON

PASSWORD PRESENTATION)

TERMINAL SENDS PASSWORD

FOR VERIFICATION

TERMINAL ASKS THE USERFOR PASSWORD

TERMINAL SENDS FIRST

COMMAND TO SELECT MF

ATR NEGOTIATES TO SETUPDATA TRANSFER SPEEDS,

CAPABILITY

TERMINAL SENDS COMMANDTO SELECT MF AGAIN

TERMINAL SENDS PASSWORD FORVERIFICATION

CARD VERIFIES PW,STORESA STATUS PW VERIFIED

RESPONDSOK

CARD RESPONDS OK

CARD SUPPLIESPERSONAL DATA

AND RESPONDS OK

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Smart card Technology :

The information or applicationstored in the IC chip is transferredthrough an electronic module thatinterconnects with a terminal orcard reader.

Two general categories of smartcards according to contactness ofcard with card reader ;

A. CONTACT SMART CARD It must be inserted into a

smart card reader with a

direct connection to aconductive gold platedelectrical contactsembedded inside it.

E.g., GSM SIM CARD inmobile phone.

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B. CONTACTLESSSMART CARD

It requires only closeproximity to a cardreader

Card must have a microstrip antenna.

Communicates using RFtechnology. The card derive power

for the chip formelectromagnetic signal.

Eg: Hong Kong's

Octopus card and JapanRail's Suica Card

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Additional categories :

A. Hybrid card Smart Card has 2 chips each with

its respective contact & contactless interface.

The two chips are not connected,

but for many application this hybridserves the needs of consumersand card users.

B. Dual Interface Card/ Combi Card

Card with both contact and contact

less interfaces. Security level is very high.

A

B

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Smart Card Readers

Smart Card by itself is useless. Requires a reader.

Reader is often called the Read-Write Unit as it can readas well as write to the card.

Readers of two types: Insertion Readers: Cheaper, but manual.

[Card Swipe Machine]

Motorized Readers: Automatic card capture and release. Costly.[Bank ATM Machines]

Cost of a reader varies from $10 to $100.

Readers often come with keypad for entry of PIN.

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Advantages :

Provento be more reliable than the magnetic stripecard .

Can store up to thousands of times of the information

than the magnetic stripe card.

Reduces tampering through high security mechanism.

Can be disposable or reusable.

Performs multiple functions. Compatible with portable electronic devices (e.g.,

PCs, telephones)

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Applications of Smart Card :

Identification Telephony

Healthcare Services

Registration Certificates Driving License

Institute ID Card

ATM Shopping

Computer Networks

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Contd

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Contd

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Conclusion :

However, smart cards are an indispensable commercial

infrastructure in a networked marketplace which combines the

functions of purses, credit cards, ID cards, tickets, coupons

and tokens with data for personalized settings. The electronic

persona in the digital world will be indeed in the form of asmart card and no enterprise solutions should ignore its

potential impacts on business.

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References :

[1]http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/smartcard/topic02.html

[2]http://www.ewh.ieee.org/r10/bombay/news5/SmartCards.html

[3]http://www.smartcardalliance.org/pages/smart-cards-intro-primer

[4]http://www.smartcomputing.com/articles/archive/r0403/35r03/35r03.pdfguid =[5] http://home.dei.polimi.it/zanero/papers/security.pdf[6] http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/smartcard/smartcard_seminar/14.html

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smart card [by susant]

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