smart coordinated management of electricity in flexible ...€¦ · –uber like models...

Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)

Smart coordinated management of electricity in flexible buildings and the

distribution network

Zagreb Energy Congress 2017

Zagreb, 15th December 2017

Tomislav Capuder

University of Zagreb Faculty of electrical engineering and computing

[email protected]

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Tomislav Capuder, UNIZGFER

Zagreb Energy Congress (ZEC), Zagreb, 15th Dec 2017

What are the goals?

• Reducing carbon consumption

• Developing renewable sources

• Empowering consumers

• Boosting growth and jobs (green)

3



ICT

?

How do we achieve these goals?

• Integrating high performance

RES

• Smart homes

• Resilient, secure and smart

energy system (ICT)

• Efficient energy system in

buildings and industry

• Efficiency transport

(batteries)

• CCS...

• Are we doing it the right

way?

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Each action results in a reaction

• Energy systems – the most complex

technical systems in the world,

• The most dynamic market and the

most resistant system when it comes

to regulatory/policy changes,

• Adjustments – regulating a

deregulated environment?

• The focus should be on:

– Extracting multiple, system level,

benefits

– Acting and reacting on time

– Efficient utilization of all available

solutions/technologies

Text

Text

SY

ST

EM

PLA

NN

ING

REGULATRY

ACTIONS,

POLICY REVISIONS

OP

ER

AT

ION

AL P

LA

NN

ING

OF T

HE

SY

ST

EM

REAL-TIMESYSTEM

OPERATION

ENERGY SYSTEM"LIFE CYCLE"

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• Interaction of multiple

energy infrastructures–

electricity, gas, heat,

cooling, water, transport…

• Coordination and efficient

usage of known

technologies to gain

highest benefits

– Power to gas, power to

heat

5

EH

GB

Heat

Gas/Fossil fuel

Electricity

Energy flow

BSS Battery Storage System

EH Electric heating unit

CHP Combined heat and power unit

GB Gas boiler

PHEV/EV Plug-in hybrid electric

vehicle/Electric vehicle

TS Thermal storage

Controler

CHP

BSS

COAL

Hydrogen

SCO2

TS

• What multiple benefits can we gain by doing this

– Cut down operational costs by up to 50%

– Cut down CO2 emissions by up to 40%

– Cut down primary energy usage by up to 40%

It is not just about the electricity

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• Just adding RES

– More reserve – expensive

– More CO2 emissions – why did we do it?

• Multiple benefits approach - Liberalizing market, establishing new

services, enabling new entities market access

– Less reserve (example Germany),

– Less CO2 emissions (goals achieved),

– Lower primary energy consumption.

6

We cannot just add renewables

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• Concepts and technologies

– Smart prosumers – 50% of electricity produced locally

– Energy communities

– Uber like models

• microgrids, virtual power plants, V2G

– Storage technologies

• Batteries, MES, EV

7

However…..its about the entire system and not ONLY consumers

• Old and new market and system entities

– System operators

– Regulators

– Suppliers/retailers

– Aggregators

– Smart, independent prosumers

Active consumers are the future

8



8

Prosumers – a step beyond retrofitting

• Multiple benefits come from smart management of

energy:

– All energy needs (electricity, cooling/heating, transport),

– Both production and consumption,

– Prosumers – energy systems

• ICT and data/information are essential,

• The key is: what do we do with the data!

– Why don’t we recognize prosumers in our legislation?

9



• Projec 3Smart

• Budget: 3 791 343 €

• Duration: 2017-2019

Modular control

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• Buildings – static objects?

• Labelled according to kWh/m2/year consumption

– likewise it is estimated the amount of energy saved by building

renovation, or

– the amount gained with renewable energy setup on the building

• What happens with the building hour to hour, minute to minute?

• Buildings are an orchestra of many individual technical systems

– in buildings without coordination all those systems are simply

reactive to local variables or time-programmed

• e.g., heating in the zone is on/off when thresholds are reached

• batteries are filled in the night and discharged during the day

the shape of energy exchange with utility grids is

coincidental and non-controllable

Smart Buildings

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• Many such non-controllable buildings coincidentally produce large

peaks and sags of energy consumption on the grid

– peaks result in higher losses in the grid and may overload the grid

equipment

– high variance of energy consumption makes it difficult to assure

proper supply conditions (voltage)

– distributed generation may induce overvoltage

increased expenses for the grid, reluctance to renewable energy

integration

Smart Buildings

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What if?

• ...if we can orchestrate the building subsystems

– such that energy consumption is reduced and energy

exchange with the grids becomes controllable while

the comfort remains intact

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Example 1 – Sunny day during heating

• No coordination: The room is heated up simultaneously with warmer,

sunny day -> overheating effect -> discomfort occurs

non-necessarily spent heating energy

• With coordination: Predictive controller reduces/stops heating well

before the sunshine event and remains permanently within comfort

temperature bounds

well exploited free energy from the Sun

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Example 2 – Peak consumption

• No coordination: Cooling is turned on at 7:00 in the morning, cooling

elements in all zones start at the same time and produce a huge peak

power consumption -> unfavorable from the perspective of the

distribution grid

high power peak can significantly increase energy costs for the

building

• With coordination: Cooling elements in zones are synchronized in

energy draw such that power peaking is avoided

power peaking kept under the prescribed limit

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• Relies on the existing hardware

low hardware investment costs

• Coordination as a service

switchable on-off via software

• The service is modular – separate

modules for different building levels

• Mutually coordinated in any

configuration

Smart Building Approach

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– Modularity of the coordination service• Separate modules for different building levels

• Mutually coordinated in any configuration

Multiple level controllability

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• 38 fully controllable zones

• Desktop application • Mobile application

Functional prototype on FER

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What if...

• ...if the building can receivedifferent energy price signals overdifferent time periods of consumption from the energy market:

– ... and the building through the coordination mechanism adapts to these prices by selecting/optimizing its energy exchange profile that keeps the comfort intact and has the lowest cost

• ...and in this way by summing up many buildings the grid reshapes its load profile

– ... and reduces energy losses while increases its equipment lifetime

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Grid-building coordination

• Coordination within the building, within the grid and between the

building and the grid is technically possible

• ...how we do it?

– Predictive control and mathematical optimizations

– Exploiting their naturally featured market-based mechanisms for

correlating prices and consumptions

• ...but can we make it economically viable?

– If we can easily impose coordination over the existing systems in

their variety, yes! needed energy management tool adaptable to

different building configurations

• ...are we allowed to do it?

– If we can align with regulatory framework and remove barriers

need to influence the regulatory framework on technically sound

basis

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• Operator - Security, reliability, resiliency, independency

• Challenge - Services and communication with new prosumers – How? When?

Why? With who?

• Aggregator - New entity, serves as a connection of system and prosumers, BRP

Benefits of coordination

Energy Market

System operator

Supplier/Retailer

Independent Aggregator

Single intra-day price• IB + utilization for ID, TC

Single day-ahead price signal• DA + availability for ID, TC

OPTIMIZATION PLATFORM• Investment driven - ID (€/kW, €/kWh,€/kVAr, €/kVArh)• Technical constr. - TC (€/kW, €/kWh,€/kVAr, €/kVArh)• Energy price – DA (€/kWh, €/kVArh)• Intra-day balancing – IB (€/kW, €/kWh,€/kVAr, €/kVArh)

Aggregated flexibility providers (storage)

Cost curves

DA schedule

Corrected ID sched.

Service requ

irem

ents

Co

stsIn

tra-d

ay resched

uling

Energy co

stIn

tra-d

ay balancin

gA

ncillary service market

• Benefits:

– Prosumers (higher profit, lower consumption),

– The operator – lower grid losses,

– The system – less reserve, less CO2 emissions

3 Smart - Smart buildings for Smart Grids for Smart Cities

21



Active

consumers

Supplier

DSO

Power

exchange

market

Supply and flexibility

Commercial domain- Supply

Regulated domain

Generators

Flexibilitypurchasecontacts

Exchange of data

Flexibilityprocurement

Grid access and generationmanagement

Commercial domain - flexibility

TSO – DSO interface from the market perspective

Informationexchange Financial adjustment mechanisms

Balancing

group

Balancing

group

Aggregator

Distribution network constraint

management

Balancing/

ancillary

TSOTSO – DSO interface

!1

!2

!3

TSO and transmissionsystem user data exchange

!2Exchange of data between users(trans.and dist.) for procurement of ancillary and balancing energy services

!3!1TSO-DSO data exchangerelevant for mutual contratsand resposibilities

EG3 report "Regulatory Recommendations for the Deployment of Flexibility”, 2015.

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.bouke-pt.nl/producten/personal-home/&ei=FbCAVL2DAcLV7gb_zYCQDA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNGY1AlhS6-S6Z3-wzpNeh7MN8V9VQ&ust=1417805840928841

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• Aggregating distributed providers of flexibility

– Opportunities for aggregators to increase profit for their porfolio members,

– Services for the system operators,

– Three layer structure: phisical/technical, data, financial,

Central Agrent

Concentrator

Agent

Individual

agent

Individual

agent

In – home

Appliance

In – home

Appliance

Individual

agent

EV Charging

station

Individual

agent

Community

DER device

In – home AggregatorCommunity – level

Aggregator

Community – level

Aggregator

Central Aggregator

• Multiple role aggregators?

• In-home aggregator

• Community level aggregator

• Central aggregator

– Easier exchange of data,

– Different portfolio means different

positioning strategies, means

different services (for DSO as

well),

– Easier communication with DSO,

Aggregators

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Convectional

power

generators

Heavy

Industries

TSO DSO

Commercial

users & light

industries

Prosumer

Prosumer

Prosumer

Community –

level DER

Prosumer

Prosumer

Prosumer

Community –

level DER

Neighbourhood 1

Neighbourhood 2

Leg

en

d

Unidirectional

power flow

Bidirectional power

flow

NN distribucijska

mreža

Medium voltage

dist. gridTransmission grid

Storage Solar PV Refrigerator

EV charging station

Washing Machine EV

Solar and wind

farms

Physical-technical layer

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Convectional

power

generators

Heavy

Industries

TSO

DSO

Commercial

users & light

industries

Prosumer

Leg

en

d

A – Payments for energy use

to Supplier

Solar and wind

farms

Energy Markets – DAM, IDM, BM

Supplier/BRP

In – home

Aggregator

Community – level

Aggregator

Central

Aggregator

Technology enablers

A

B

B – Payments for providing

flexibility from in – home

appliances

C

C – Compensation to

Supplier for creating

deviations in demand

D

D – Payments for flexibility

from large consumers

D

E – Payments to Community

– level Aggregator for

flexibility from DER + EV-CS

E

F – Settlement for congestion

management in distribution

grid

G – Settlement for

congestion management in

transmission grid

F

G

H – Compensation for

flexibility + payment for data

services

H

I – Settlements from DAM,

IDM, BM

I

II

I

Financial layer

25



Heavy

Industries

TSO DSO

Commercial

users & light

industries

Prosumers

Prosumers

Prosumers

Community –

level DER

Neighbourhood

Leg

en

da

Central

Aggregator

Community –

level

Aggregator

In – home

aggregator

Data hub

Metering

Companies

Supplier/BRP

A – In – home consumption/

production data + Dispatch/

Control signals from home

appl.

A

B – Flexibility data +

Dispatch/Control signals to &

from community – level DER

& EV-CS

B

C – Smart meter data

C

D – Flexibility provision &

dispatch for large consumers

E – Available flexibility

schedule for congestion

management

D

D

E

F – Coordination among TSO

& DSO

F

G – Accepted flexibility

schedules + Available

flexibility for real – time

balancing

G

H – Market plans

A

B

H

Iterative process

Information layer

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HEP building ZagrebIdrija, Slovenia

Strem, Austria

Mostar, B&HDebrecen, Hungary

8 pilot sites

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Contact:Tomislav Capuder,[email protected]

Final remarks

• Extracting multiple system benefits:

– Energy efficiency at all levels – from producers to consumers

– It is not only about electricity – all energy systems need to interact

– Coordinate operation and services between multiple entities (buildings, grid,

city, energy system)

– Prosumers – smart energy management, not only retrofitting.

mailto:[email protected]

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Acknowledgement

The presented research results are obtained within the project

Smart Building – Smart Grid – Smart City (3Smart)

Project co-funded by the European Union through Interreg DanubeTransnational Programme (DTP1-502-3.2-3Smart).

DISCLAIMER

The contents of this presentat ion are the sole responsibility of its authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union the Interreg Danube Transnational Programme.

PROJECT WEB PAGE

www.interreg-danube.eu/3smart

smart coordinated management of electricity in flexible ...€¦ · –uber like models...

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