smart distribution networks: uk vision and...

Smart Distribution Networks:UK Vision and ImplementationUK Vision and Implementation

Dr Luis(Nando) OchoaDr Luis(Nando) OchoaLecturer in Smart Distribution Networks

luis ochoa@ieee org

Manchester, UK – December 2011EPRI W k h

[email protected]

© 2011 L. Ochoa - The University of Manchester 1EPRI Workshop, Manchester - Dec 2011

EPRI Workshop

EU Smart Grid Platform

“Electricity networks that can intelligently integrate the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it -behaviour and actions of all users connected to it generators, consumers and those that do both - in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secureelectricity supplies”y pp

... whereas in China, Smart = Strong.

h i S th K S t M R li bl ... whereas in South Korea, Smart = More Reliable.


EU Smart Grid Platform


the electricity delivery systemand the backbone?

The UK Context for Distribution

Political decisions– Targets to decrease CO2 emissions– Targets to increase the use of renewables– etc., etc., etc.


Note: UK target is 15%

National Grid: Changing Dependencies


Source: Jenny Cooper, NG, 2011


Perhaps the most competitive electricity market in the electricity market in the world (full unbundling)

9 Distribution Network Operators (DNOs)Operators (DNOs)

Business regulated by Ofgem Assets in


Distribution Price Control Review 4 (2005-2010)I ti F di I ti (IFI) Innovation Funding Incentive (IFI)– R&D, 0.5% of the DNO’s invoiced revenue– … to have more innovation

Distributed Generation (DG) Incentive– £2.5/kW/year (for 15 years)

f– … for DNOs to have a more proactive approach

Registered Power Zones (RPZ)– +£2.0/kW/year (for the first 5 years). Limit of £0.5m/DNO/year +£2.0/kW/year (for the first 5 years). Limit of £0.5m/DNO/year – … to develop more cost-effectives ways of connecting DG


(DPCR 5 2010-2015: no RPZ)

RPZ – E.On Central NetworksThermal Constraints

Dynamic monitoring of line capacity (132kV) – increases capacity (132kV) increases the connection capacity of DG

Helps transporting energy from off shore wind farmsoff-shore wind farms

Overhead line capacity calculated by using ambient t t d i d dtemperature and wind speeds

Power donut (www.usi-power.com)


RPZ – EDF EnergyVoltage Constraintsg

Coordinated control of OLTCU ( / ti t ) Uses (measures/estimates) generation and demand data

Increases significantly the connection capacity of DG (might double it)


RPZ – Scottish and Southern EnergyThermal Constraints

The Orkney Islands have great wind resources but are connected wind resources but are connected to the mainland by subsea cables

The System uses:– circuit availability– wind power variability– demand variability

Normally Open Point

SANDAY

EDAY

ROUSAY

Normally Open Point

SANDAY

EDAY

ROUSAY

Normally Open Point

SANDAY

EDAY

ROUSAY

Normally Open Point

SANDAY

EDAY

ROUSAYy

Increases significantly the export capacity

BURGARHILL STRONSAY

SHAPINSAY

WESTRAY

Zone 2

Zone 1

BURGARHILL STRONSAY

SHAPINSAY

WESTRAY

Zone 2

Zone 1

BURGARHILL STRONSAY

SHAPINSAY

WESTRAY

Zone 2

Zone 1

BURGARHILL STRONSAY

SHAPINSAY

WESTRAY

Zone 2

Zone 1

KIRKWALL

SCORRADALE

STROMNESSSTROMNESS

NORTH

Orkney Core

KIRKWALL

SCORRADALE

STROMNESSSTROMNESS

NORTH

Orkney Core

KIRKWALL

SCORRADALE

STROMNESSSTROMNESS

NORTH

Orkney Core

KIRKWALL

SCORRADALE

STROMNESSSTROMNESS

NORTH

Orkney Core


ST. MARY’STHURSOGRID

FLOTTA

NORTHHOY

LYNESS Zone 3

Zone 4ST. MARY’STHURSO

GRID

FLOTTA

NORTHHOY

LYNESS Zone 3


GRID

FLOTTA

NORTHHOY

LYNESS Zone 3


GRID

FLOTTA

NORTHHOY

LYNESS Zone 3

Zone 4

Distributed Generation Today

Main Types of Distributed Generation (MW) according to the 2010 Seven Year Statement from National Grid2010 Seven Year Statement from National Grid


Towards Future, Low-Carbon D-Networks

In addition to renewable distributed generation (DG):G t i ti f i / ll l PV ti Government incentives for micro/small-scale PV generation

Government incentives for people to buy electric vehicles (EVs) Full smart meter rollout by 2020Full smart meter rollout by 2020 Electrification of heat, advent of smart appliances?


Towards Future D-Networks

New £500 million Low Carbon Networks Fund for large-scale trials of advanced technology and commercial initiativesgy


Towards Future D-Networks

This £32 billion (~US$51 billion) is part of the estimated £200 billion that Ofgem estimates needs to be invested in the nextbillion that Ofgem estimates needs to be invested in the next 10 years to secure sustainable energy supplies.

“DPCR 6” RIIO Framework (revenue=incentives+innovation+outputs)


DPCR 6 RIIO Framework (revenue=incentives+innovation+outputs)

LCNF Tier 2 Projects

2010C stome led Net o k Re ol tion (CE Elect ic UK)– Customer-led Network Revolution (CE Electric UK)

– Low Carbon London (UK Power Networks)– Low Carbon Hub (Central Networks)– LV Network Templates for a low carbon future (WPD)

2011Fl ibl Pl d Pl (UK P N t k )– Flexible Plug and Play (UK Power Networks)

– B.R.I.S.T.O.L. (WPD)– Thames Valley Vision 2 (SSE)– Capacity to Customers (ENW, £9.1m)– Flexible Networks for a Low Carbon Future (SP Energy Networks)

FALCON (WPD)


– FALCON (WPD)www.ofgem.gov.uk/networks/elecdist/lcnf

Functionalities in D-Networks


The Challenges

LV Distribution Networks (400V)Voltage ise d e to PV panels (d ops d e to EVs?)– Voltage rise due to PV panels (drops due to EVs?)

– Thermal limits: Are the wires fit for purpose?– More unbalances? etc.

Observability

Controllability HV Distribution Networks (11kV and 33kV)

– Voltage rise due to wind power (rural networks)I i h t i it l l ( b d d)

Voltage M t

Controllability

– Increase in short circuit level (urban underground)– Power quality, “Islanding” and Protection– Increased energy losses? Variability?

Management

Thermal, Fault Mgmt

...

EHV Distribution Networks (132kV)– Thermal limits

St bilit d i t

Fault Mgmt

Integration of Solutions


– Stability and reserve requirements– Variability?

Smart Meters

Business case in Italy perhaps energy theft?Al ead looking at cle e a s of sing the data– Already looking at clever ways of using the data

Business case in Sweden manual metering too expensive and not frequent– Already looking at clever ways of using the data (expensive!)

Business case in the UK I’m not sure, supposedly ‘empowering the customer for them to save energy’empowering the customer for them to save energy

UK smart meters– Owned by Energy Suppliers not DNOs– Central Data ‘Concentrator’– No (pseudo) real-time info to DNOs


No (pseudo) real time info to DNOs

Demand Side Management (DSM)

Smart homes, smart appliances, smart meters, etc. are potential enablers of DSM schemespotential enablers of DSM schemes.

But we also need ‘smart customers’


*From the website of GE Nucleus™

DSM in the UK (Electricity North West)

Distribution network operators (DNOs) face in some parts of the circuits congestion problems (particularly during the circuits congestion problems (particularly during contingencies)

Ofgem incentivises investment deferral (45p per £1)

ENWL is contracting DSM services from big consumers ENWL has started contracts with aggregators and looking at ENWL has started contracts with aggregators and looking at

different services (demand shifting)

DNOs are becoming more and more like TNOs How does this affect TNOs? Energy suppliers?


Loss of Mains Detection

What does DG have to do with this?

~600MW of DG tripped after second generator tripped due to ROCOF-based loss-of-mains detection.


Closing Remarks

In European countries it is within distribution networks that we are going to see most of the envisaged Smart Gridwe are going to see most of the envisaged Smart Grid– Main drivers: renewable targets, ageing assets, security of supply,

electrification of transport and heat

Fi st majo hallenge fo DNOs is the lack of obse abilit of First major challenge for DNOs is the lack of observability of their LV and HV circuits

Second major challenge: transition from stand alone operation of solutions (although only trials now), e.g., storage, coordinated OLTC, towards an integrated approach– ICT remains a complex issue when it comes to reliable and cost-

effective services

R&D is essential for deployment International exchange of knowledge is key


International exchange of knowledge is key

Thanks for your attention!

Dr Luis(Nando) OchoaLecturer in Smart Distribution Networks

[email protected]/research/luis.ochoa


www.manchester.ac.uk/research/luis.ochoa

smart distribution networks: uk vision and...

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