smart grid definitions, visions and ongoing projects · 2010. 6. 9. · smart grid definitions,...
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Smart Grid Definitions,Smart Grid Definitions,Visions and Ongoing ProjectsVisions and Ongoing ProjectsVisions and Ongoing ProjectsVisions and Ongoing Projects
JAPAN, April 23JAPAN, April 23rdrd
WouterWouter HaerickHaerick, PhD, PhD
University of Ghent University of Ghent –– IBBT, BelgiumIBBT, Belgium
SMART POWER GRID SMART POWER GRID –– The landscape The landscape
Communication Network
and Distributed Services
Storyline TutorialStoryline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids?
The larger picture: Sustainability
Smart Grid ICT Architectures
Smart Grid Standards and Architectures
MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
CURRENTCURRENTSmart Grid Standards and Architectures
Smart Grid Products
Smart Grid: European projects
End-users may not like the Smart Grid
CURRENTSOLUTIONSCURRENT
SOLUTIONS
CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
END-USEREND-USER
Smart Power Grids: A definitionSmart Power Grids: A definition
Smart Power Grid = Traditional Power Grid + Smart ICT control services
Meter Meter
Meter Submeter
LESS ENERGY
ICTControl
Services
HIGH LOAD
GREENENERGY
Around the globe, the short term motivation differs Around the globe, the short term motivation differs ……
USA:
ReliabilityIssues
USA:
ReliabilityIssues
Europe:
20/20/20
Green energyintroducesbottlenecks
in energy grid
Europe:
20/20/20
Green energyintroducesbottlenecks
in energy gridIssues(outages cost
150B/year)
Under-investment
Security of supply
Issues(outages cost
150B/year)
Under-investment
Security of supply
Limited control in energy grid
Limited control in energy grid
Japan:
Few players,little lecacy
Turnkey-approach
Japan:
Few players,little lecacy
Turnkey-approach
Around the globe, Around the globe, longlong--term goal is sustainabilityterm goal is sustainability
Lower our CO2 footprint with renewable energy sources
Around the globe, Around the globe, longlong--term goal is sustainabilityterm goal is sustainability
Lower our CO2 footprint with renewable energy sources
Around the globe, Around the globe, longlong--term goal is sustainabilityterm goal is sustainability
Increase energy-efficiency
2010 – 2030: >20% increase of electricity demand(without considering uptake of electrical vehicles)
Source: OECD/IEA World Energy Outlook 2004
Around the globe, Around the globe, longlong--term goal is sustainabilityterm goal is sustainability
Manage CO2 footprintManage increasing
energy demand
Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
EFFICIENCY AFFORDABLE GREEN
Current human energy use
Around the globe, Around the globe, longlong--term goal is sustainabilityterm goal is sustainability
� Solar and wind are largest source for renewable energy
� Solar: 6 000 times current energy demand
� Wind: 60 times current energy demand
� However,� However,
� These sources suffer from fluctuations and geogr. distribution
� Energy storage is needed, and a more capable energy grid
� Cost per kWh needs to decrease
Renewable energy: challenges to furhter reduce costsRenewable energy: challenges to furhter reduce costs
Also consider storage cost + transport cost! � ICT
ICT as enabler ICT as enabler to minimize costs, and optimize profitsto minimize costs, and optimize profits
Minimize storage
Optimize car charging
Optimize consumption(efficiency, green, real-time cost, demand response)
Aggregate
distributed generation
What is demand response?
ICT as enabler ICT as enabler for Demand Responsefor Demand Response
• Voluntary, temporary adjustment of power demand by end-user or counter-party in response to market signal (e.g. price, emergency, etc.)
• Two main forms
– Direct Load Control
– Price Response– Price Response
• Enabling technology � automation(rule-based)
• Still subject to human behavior
– Even with automation, overrides possible
Image source: GDF Suez
FLEXIBLE DEMAND
NEEDED
ICT as ICT as enablerenabler forfor DemandDemand ResponseResponse
V f
High
LowSupply Demand
Storyline TutorialStoryline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids: Why (now)?
The larger picture: Sustainability
Smart Grid ICT Architectures
Smart Grid Standards and Architectures
MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
CURRENTCURRENTSmart Grid Standards and Architectures
Smart Grid Products
Smart Grid: European projects
End-users may not like the Smart Grid
CURRENTSOLUTIONSCURRENT
SOLUTIONS
CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
END-USEREND-USER
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Currently, closed solutions to control parts of energy grid
1. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
2. EMS (Energy management systems)
� not based on standards (multiple protocols)
� Limited visibility: e.g. only energy transmission network,
or substations
There is a need for an OPEN architecture:- OPEN in terms of standard interfaces- OPEN in terms of players/actors
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Smart Grid Domains
Market
Services
Market
Services
Grid
Quality
Services
Grid
Quality
Services
Green
Efficiency
Services
Green
Efficiency
Services
Source: IEC (http://www.iec.ch/zone/smartgrid/grid_about.htm)
Energy ProvisioningEnergy Provisioning
ServicesServicesServicesServices
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Smart Power Grid Networks
� Open architecture� Open architecture
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Last Mile Architectures
Substation
Feeder
Datacenter
GPRSConcentrator
GPRSConcentrator Database
-Single-point-of-failure
-Concentrator in LV-substation (longer distances)
-Lifetime of GPRS (heat, electro-magnetic field)
Home A Home E
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Last Mile Architectures
Substation
Feeder
Powerline
Communication
Substation
DatacenterDatabase
GWG
W
G
W
Wired Internet (DSL, cable)Wireless Internet (GPRS, WiMax)
IP
IPArchitecture
EANDIS/Belgium
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Last Mile Architectures
Substation
Feeder
WIRELESS
(WiFi)
Substation
DatacenterDatabase
GWG
W
G
W
Wired Internet (DSL, cable)Wireless Internet (GPRS, WiMax)
IP
IPArchitecture
EANDIS/Belgium
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Home Architectures
Efficient EnergyHome Box
Advanced
Renewables
Internet
LAN
Ethernet over
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement Distributed
Generationand Storage
Plug-In HybridsSmartEnd-UseDevices
AdvancedMetering
Based on figure from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
ControlInterface
Ethernet over Powerline (PLC) / WIFI
ZigBee
Smart Grid ICT StandardsSmart Grid ICT Standards
Smart Grid ICT StandardsSmart Grid ICT Standards
External
Enterprise
Metering System
Portal
Retailers
Aggregators
Regulators
Customers
Providers
MDMS
CIS/Billing
OMS
WMS
EMS/DMS
Internet Protocols
World-Wide Web
ebXML
IEC 60870-6 ICCP
IEC 61970
IEC 61968
Web Services
Multispeak
Message Buses
SONET WDM ATM
Example
Members
Example
Technologies
HAN
Field
LAN
WAN
Meter / Gateway
Collector
Normal
ProgramCritical
Peak EventEmergency
Stage 1Emergency
Stage 2 Current
Temp
$
Stat
us
NORMAL
PEND
INGACTIVE
OV
ER-RID
E!03/03/2007
8:48amProgr
am: AW
AY
Routers
Towers
Ground Stations
Repeaters
Rings
Relays
Modems
Bridges
Access Points
Insertion Points
Thermostats
In-Home Displays
Smart Appliances
Field Tools
PCs
Building Automation
SONET, WDM, ATM
MPLS
Frame Relay
Satellite
Microwave
IEC 61850
DNP3
WiMAX
BPL / PLC
Wireless Mesh
ADSL
Cellular
Cable (DOCSIS)
ZigBee
WiFi
LonWorks
BACnet
HomePlug
OpenHAN
Smart Grid ICT StandardsSmart Grid ICT Standards
International
The landscape of involved standardization bodies
European
National
NIST
(US)
Smart Grid ICT StandardsSmart Grid ICT Standards
Mandatory requirements from EU governements
Law
DirectiveEssential
requirements
MANDATORY
requirements
European standards
Professional goodpractice
VOLUNTARY
EU Mandate M/441
(CEN, CENELEC, ETSI)
IEC Smart Grid Strategic Group 3
Smart Grid ICT StandardsSmart Grid ICT Standards
EU Mandate M/441 Standardisation Area
Smart Grid ICT Products/SolutionsSmart Grid ICT Products/Solutions
Some facts, figures, forecasts, …
GridPoint, SilverSpring
Smart Grid ICT Products/SolutionsSmart Grid ICT Products/Solutions
Source: Market Research ZPRYME.com
x 2x 2
Smart Grid ICT Products/SolutionsSmart Grid ICT Products/Solutions
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
3000 MW
=30 peak-power plants
Utility Data Management Systems
……
Home Area Network PHEV
Storyline TutorialStoryline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids: Why (now)?
The larger picture: Sustainability
Smart Grid ICT Architectures
Smart Grid Standards and Architectures
MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
CURRENTCURRENTSmart Grid Standards and Architectures
Smart Grid Products
Smart Grid: European projects
End-users may not like the Smart Grid
CURRENTSOLUTIONSCURRENT
SOLUTIONS
CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
END-USEREND-USER
European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives
Research challenges related to smart power grids:
- Integration of large-scale stochastic (uncertain) renewable generation
- Impact of massive number of distributed PV panels on LV-segment
(voltage increase, synchronisation, increased losses)
- Integration of (electric) energy storage: cost, capacity, level
- Integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (high load)
- Energy-saving and cost-saving potential of demand response and load/generation aggregation: selling stable profiles, flex
- Autonomous services deployed as a cloud service (privacy)
- Reliability of the smart power grid (what in case of failures)
- Interoperability and openness of the smart grid
- Microgrids, safety and power routing
European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives
European
Industrial
Initiative
Industry
European
Research Area
Financing
European
Energy
Research
Alliance
Research
European
Institute of
Innovation &
Technology
Education
NATIONAL INITIATIVES
European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives
Smart Cities Initiatives (EII)
European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives
European
Industrial
Initiative
Industry
European
Research Area
Financing
European
Energy
Research
Alliance
Research
European
Institute of
Innovation &
Technology
Education
NATIONAL INITIATIVES
European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives
European
Industrial
Initiative
Industry
European
Research Area
Financing
European
Energy
Research
Alliance
Research
European
Institute of
Innovation &
Technology
EducationEERA
NATIONAL INITIATIVES
European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives
European
Industrial
Initiative
Industry
European
Research Area
Financing
European
Energy
Research
Alliance
Research
European
Institute of
Innovation &
Technology
Education
NATIONAL INITIATIVES
European projects/initiativesEuropean projects/initiatives
DEHEMS
Electrical VehicleE-LAAD.nleMobilityEDISONCABLESmart Grid
META-PV
LINEAR
SMART-E Research CentresSmart Grid
Knowledge and InnovationCommunities
(EIT-KIC)
Storyline TutorialStoryline Tutorial
Smart Power Grids: Why (now)?
The larger picture: Sustainability
Smart Grid ICT Architectures
Smart Grid Standards and Architectures
MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION
CURRENTCURRENTSmart Grid Standards and Architectures
Smart Grid Products
Smart Grid: European projects
End-users may not like the Smart Grid
CURRENTSOLUTIONSCURRENT
SOLUTIONS
CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
END-USEREND-USER
Smart Grid and endSmart Grid and end--usersusers
� Autonomous Systems
� Energy-Efficiency
� Future generations
New
Equiment
=
Expensive
Green
Energy
=
Expensive
Active
Involvement
???
Questions?Questions?
Wouter Haerick, PhD, MBA
IBBT – Ghent University – IBCN
BELGIUM
Prof. Filip De Turck / Prof. Chris Develder
IBBT
Research on ICT aspects
of Smart Power Grids
and Green ICT
Around the globe, Around the globe, longlong--term goal is sustainabilityterm goal is sustainability
Backup graph
Smart Grid ICT ArchitecturesSmart Grid ICT Architectures
Multi-home
services
Based on figure from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
Smart Grid ActivitiesSmart Grid Activities
ISO IECInternational
standards-
developing
organizations
National
Organizations
Trade, technical,
JTC 1
ANSI(US) EIA/CEMA IEEEASHRAE
ITU JTC 1 WG 25
ASHRAEANSI C12
ISA
CENELEC
Trade, technical,
and government
Consortia and
user groups
SAE
UCA
International
Zigbee
AllianceAEIC Meter
Group
BACnet™
Users
IEC 61970/68
CIM Users
IEC 61850
UsersOpen AMI
AHAM
Utility AMI Open HAN
BACnet™
Mfrs
ASHRAE
SSPC 135 UIWGANSI C12
Series
EPRI IWG
IETF
Other Projects
NIST
RD&DProjects
EPRI ProjectsCEC Projects DOD ProjectsDOE Projects
Demand ResponseDemand Response
• Voluntary, temporary adjustment of power demand by end-user or counter-party in response to market signal (e.g. price, emergency, etc.)
• Three basic forms
– Direct Load Control
– Price Response– Price Response
– Interruptible Tariff
• Enabling technology � automation �ubiquity � DR magnitude & reliability
• Still subject to human behavior
– Even with automation, overrides possible
– Persistence a question
Image source: GDF Suez
Demand ResponseDemand Response
FLEXIBLE DEMAND
NEEDED
V f
High
LowSupply Demand