smart grid innovation: a look at a microgrid testbed€¦ · • cloud integration–enabling data...
TRANSCRIPT
Brett Burger, NI
Brett Murphy, RTI
Smart Grid Innovation: A Look at a Microgrid TestbedIndustrial Internet Energy Summit – Houston, TXJune 23, 2015
The Smart Grid
The underlying infrastructure of a smart grid is a network of interconnected, intelligent nodes that will enable:
• Local control of grid components
• More efficient infrastructure utilization
• Increased penetration of new generation and storage technologies
• “Big data” mining for better information
• Future grid changes and innovations
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The Grid is Changing
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What is a Microgrid?
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously.
- Wikipedia
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Why a microgrid testbed?
•Encompasses many of the energy applications
•Renewable centric (growing source of challenges)
•Machine-to-Machine communication is needed
•Manageable scale
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Testbed Overview:
Communication and Control for Microgrid Applications
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Neighborhood Microgrid
Solar
Field Network
Wind
Local load control
Collaborators
• Leads: RTI, NI, Cisco
• External: CPS Energy (San Antonio), Southern California Edison, Duke Energy / SGIP
Market Segment
• Smart grid, especially integrating solar, wind, storage, and EVs
Goal
• Prove the viability of a real-time, secure databus and distributed control architecture in a real-world power system
Features & Commercial Benefits
• Enable efficient integration of solar, wind, & EVs into the grid
• Create a dynamic, open marketplace for smart grid vendors
• Break the standards blockage holding back the industry
Key Challenges
• Interoperability - Data interoperability for a vibrant competitive market
• Security - Cybersecurity is a founding architectural principle
• Practicality- Incrementally buildable, upgradable, expandable, compatible with legacy installations and protocols
• Distributed Edge Intelligence – Intelligent system control at the edge, driving automation and rapid response
• Cloud Integration– Enabling data sharing between grid and cloud analytics
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The Smart Communication and Control Architecture will address:
Phased Approach for Proving Viability of a Microgrid
• Phase 1 – Proof of Concept at National Instruments Lab
• Phase 2 – Simulated Microgrid at Southern Cal Edison
• Phase 3 – Real-World Microgrid at CPS Energy
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Communication and Control Framework:
Incrementally develop.Test and refine.
Deploy in real-world.
Application Use Cases
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Grid Optimization
•Reduce control requirement from operators•Increase asset utilization
Island
•Function as independent grid
Storm Resiliency
•Maximize storage•Limit non-critical loads•Auto-island with outage
Re-Sync to Grid
•Transition from independent grid to component of main grid
Microgrid of “Things”
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THING
THING
THING
THING
THINGTHING
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
Network of interconnected, intelligent nodes.
Connectivity
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Component Purpose
Reliable Messaging Standard, interoperable messaging protocol using TCP or UDP
QoS Quality of service: Data delivery, Timeliness, Fault tolerance, etc
Security Authorization, authentication, encryption, non-repudiation, …
Data Management Local cache of current state of communicated data, local and remote
Discovery Discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
Blueprint for the Industrial Internet
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The Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA)published June 17, 2015
Endpoints
Other ConnectivityTechnologies
Connectivity Standard
Gateway
Other Endpoints
ExternalConnectivity
Gateway
IIRA Data Connectivity Architecture ModelCentral Databus & Gateways
Organize hierarchy
Integrate disparate connectivity technologies
Pick the most suitable open standard now
Pivot to the most suitable standard in the future
DDS: The Connectivity Foundation for IIoTData-Centric Messaging Bus
Data Distribution Service (DDS) is an open industry standard for data-centric connectivity
From OMG, the world’s largest systems software standards organization
• UML, DDS
• Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC)
DDS is Open & Multi-Vendor
• Open Standard & Open Source
• 12 implementations
Interoperability between source written
for different vendors
Interoperability between applications running on different
implementations
DDS-RTPS ProtocolReal-Time Publish-Subscribe
Distribution Fabric
DDS API
It’s All About the Data
Data centricity enables interoperation, scale, integration
Unstructured filesDatabase
Data Centricity Data at Rest
Messaging middleware
DataBus
Data Centricity Data in Motion
Connectivity: DDS
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Component Purpose
Reliable Messaging DDS-RTPS real-time publish-subscribe protocol
QoS 21 QoS governing data flow connections
Security DDS Secure specification allows security per data topic
Data Management System data state is maintained by DDS middleware
Discovery Automatic discovery of and connection to remote data readers and writers
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
Processing Capability
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Component Purpose
CPU Core application controller
FPGA Co-processing, timing and synchronization, high-speed protection/control
GPU Co-processing, specialty processing
DSP Co/Signal processing, timing
ASIC Optimize for cost
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
Sensing and Control Signals
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Component Purpose
Analog Input Analog sensor input (PT, CT)
Digital Input Relay status communication, digital sensor input
Digital Output Control signals
Connectivity
Processing Capability
Input / Output
THING
Programmable Sensor and Protocol Gateway
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FPGA(with DSP slices)
Dual Core ARM
Input for Voltage Sensors
Input for Current Sensors
Input for Digital Status
2x Ethernet Port
2x RS232
RS 485
Machine to Machine Communication
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Databus
Logic A
THING THING THING THING THING
Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B
Machine to Machine Communication
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Databus
Logic A
THING THING THING THING THING
Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B
Output Signal
Machine to Machine Communication
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Databus
Logic A
THING THING THING THING THING
Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B
Output SignalFrom Logic A
Machine to Machine Communication
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Databus
Logic A
THING THING THING THING THING
Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B
Output SignalFrom Logic A
Based on Measurements X&Y
Phase 1 – Data View
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Databus
DNP3
DDSDDS DDS
Power QualityMeasurements
Power QualityMeasurements
Control Control
Phase 1 – Grid View
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The Microgrid
Grid Tie
Solar & Storage
Loads
What’s Next?
•Quarterly IIC Meeting in Niskayuna, New York• Simple working demo
•NIWeek (August 3rd-6th , Austin, TX)
• Expo floor demo – Free admission to expo floor
•IoT Solutions World Congress – Barcelona, Spain
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Thank You
Brett Burger
National Instruments
Brett Murphy
Real Time Innovations
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Simplified Architecture
Connect all components with high-performance “field message bus”
Enable facile data sharing between components and (eventually) cloud
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Load 1
Load 2
Meter/DR
Gen/Storage
DNP-DDS GWDNP Relay
(switch Loads 1 and 2)
Gen Asset Controller
DNP3
Demonstration setup in NI Labs
DD
S Datab
us
Microgrid Vision: Enable Efficient use of Renewables
• Current grid architecture cannot handle dynamic generation (e.g. solar and wind) and loads (EVs). The result is inefficiency and even unreliability.
• Solution: Microgrids control smaller areas including load, generation and storage. They can operate independently from the main grid with proper control.
• Approach: IIC’s unique vendor-led community can rapidly offer field-able solutions.
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Communication and Control Framework – Phase 2
Phase 2: Microgrid Lab
• Location: Southern Cal Edison (SCE)
• Funding: External
• Timeline: 2015 - 2016
• Goals: • Demonstrate scalability of framework in
simulated microgrid
• Apply intelligent, edge control techniques
• Execute security tests
• Publish test results and architecture overview to IIC
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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NetworkControl
Electronics
Distributed Control
Simple Microgrid Application
Simulated Microgrid /
Simple Equipment
Databus (DDS)
Communication and Control Framework – Phase 3
Phase 3: Field Deployment Tests
• Location: CPS Energy’s Grid-of-the-Future microgrid test area, San Antonio, TX and SCE San Diego, CA
• Funding: External
• Timeline: TBD
• Goals:• Demonstrate practicality of communication
and control framework
• Exercise algorithms and hardware in realistic environment
• Deploy and stress-test security
• Build interoperable products for market
• Publish results externally Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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NetworkControl
Electronics
Distributed Control
Microgrid Applications
Field Power Equipment /
MicrogridInfrastructure
Databus (DDS)
Phased Approach for Proving Viability of a Microgrid
• Phase 1 – Proof of Concept at National Instruments Lab
• Phase 2 – Simulated Microgrid at Southern Cal Edison
• Phase 3 – Real-World Microgrid at CPS Energy
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Communication and Control Framework:
Incrementally develop.Test and refine.
Deploy in real-world.
DDS: Integrated Capabilities
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Transport-Layer Protocol(s)
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or AdapterDDS API
DDS-RTPS Wire Protocol
Operating System
Request/Reply
DDS: Integrated Capabilities
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Transport-Layer Protocol(s)
Reliable Messaging
Discovery
Type System - Evolvable
Real-Time Data Management
Request/Reply
Re
al-Time
Qu
ality of Se
rvice
Secu
rity
Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe
Application or Adapter
Operating System
• Provides reliability at messaging and app layers
• No requirement for reliable transport or Internet Protocol
• Supports unicast and multicast• Typical:
• Intra-node: shared memory• LAN: UDP ucast & mcast• WAN: TCP/TLS
• Also supports radio, satellite• Can concurrently communicate
over multiple transports
Relationship to IIC Technologies and Members
Reference Architecture:• The communication and control framework is based on the DDS standard. Plan is to deliver an
architecture implementation that adheres to IIC guidance.
Security Architecture:• The communication architecture will leverage the DDS Security standard and comply with the IIC
guidance. The central databus with protocol gateway will enable threat prevention and detection.
Data Management:• The databus architecture enables data communication and management per IIC guidance.
Other IIC Testbeds• This testbed does not overlap with other approved or proposed IIC testbeds
IIC Member Participation• All IIC members are welcome to participate as they can contribute
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Machine to Machine Communication
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Databus
Logic A
THING THING THING THING THING
Measure X Control Measure Y Logic B
Phase 1 Update – Function Diagram
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Databus
Logic A
THING THING THING THING THING
Measure Control Measure &Logic A
Logic B
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Single Phase
Publish to DDS
DD
S Datab
us
Subscribe to DDS
ProgrammableIntelligent Electronic Device (IED)
Programmable Controller and Sensor/Protocol Gateway
Phase 1 Update – Device Description
Phase 1 Update – Function Diagram
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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Single Phase
Publish to DDS
DD
S Datab
us
Waveform Measurement
Calculate RMSSimple Limit
Logic
Subscribe to DDS
Switch Control(EM Relay)
Communication and Control Framework – Phase 1
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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NetworkControl
Electronics
Distributed Control
Demonstration
Demo equipment
Databus (DDS)
Phase 1: Proof of Concept
• Location: Lab, NI Campus, Austin
• Funding: Internal
• Timeline: Apr 2015 – Sep 2015
• Goals:• Demonstrate integrated control and data
communication framework with RTI Connext DDS, NI CompactRIO / LabVIEW and Cisco router/gateway
• Ensure basic security and performance
• Publish test results and architecture to IIC
Application Use Cases
Use Case (Mode) What is Does
Grid Optimization •Reduces control requirements from operations•Increases asset utilization (efficiency)
Island •Functions as an independent grid with no connections to main grid
Storm Resiliency •Limits non-critical loads•Maximized storage•Auto-island with grid outage
Re-Sync to Grid •Transitions from independent microgrid back to component of main grid
Content restricted to IIC MembersNot for External Publication
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