smart grid, smart digital sociaty, to save smart earth_min yoon ver 1
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Smart Grid, Smart Digital Society, to saveSmart Earth
Min Yoon, P.E
6 Feb 2010
Workshop on Smart Grid Initiatives in the
Asia-Pacific Region
PJ Hilton, MALAYSIA
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Table of Content
Smart Grid Definition
Why Smart Grid?Who triggered Smart Grid?
U.S Investments
What is Smart Grid?
How to implement?
Conclusion
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Clean / Neat
Well dressed in fashionable
Looking new and attractive
Intelligent
Quick
Computer-controlled
Smart Definition
Oxford dictionary
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What is Grid (Power System)?In 2000, the National Academy of Engineering voted
"widespread networks of electrification" the number one
engineering achievement of the twentieth century (NAE,2000).
20th Century Innovation Topics
1. Electrification
2. Automobile3. Airplane
4. Water supply and distribution
5. Electronics
6. Radio and television7. Agricultural mechanization
8. Computers
9. Telephone
10. Air conditioning/refrigeration
11. Interstate highways
12. Space flight13. Internet
14. Imaging
15. Household appliances
16. Health technologies17. Petrochemical technology
18. Laser and fiber optics
19. Nuclear technologies
20. High-performance materials
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The power system as the most complex machine ever builtby human beings
Salient characteristics:
Large-scale
Time-critical
Subsystems:
Generation (supply side)
TransmissionTechnical Animal !
Our mission KEEP The LIGHTS ON is the most critical !
Grid = Power System. The Power System is
Alexander I. Petroianu
Dynamic
Non-linear
Distribution
Load (demand side)
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The driving forces of the power system revolution are:
Technological factorsmicro-electronics
macro-electronics
Socioeconomic-Institutional factorsUnbundling
De-regulation / Re-regulation
Competitive marketHigh demands and expectations from consumer
Power systems in mid-revolution
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Example:WW II
The great East Coast blackout (November 9, 1965)The New York blackout (July 17, 1977)Gulf WarsConflict in BosniaBlackouts in California (July, August 1996)Con Edisons efforts after September 11, 2001The North East blackout (August 14, 2003) 61.8GW
Italy blackout (September 28, 2003) 27.7GW
Growing interconnectedness / dependency of criticalinfrastructures
Power systems as critical infrastructure
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Electricity?Abundant, affordable, reliable, secure, and clean electricpower is paramount for success in the globalmarketplace.
Electricity keeps homes and offices lit, factorieshumming, communications flourishing, computersnetworking, hospitals operating, and buildingscomfortable.
Electricity is so fundamental that people often take it forgranted.
Patricia Hoffman, DOE
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The best minds in electricity R&D have a plan: Every node in thepower network of the future will be awake, responsive,
adaptive, price-smart, eco-sensitive, real-time, flexible,humming - and interconnected with everything else.
The Energy Web By Steve Silberman
Grid in the Future = Smart Grid
Steve Silberman
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Smart Grid DefinitionThe term "Smart Grid" refers to the next-generation,managed electrical power system that leveragesincreased use of communications and information
technology in the generation, delivery and consumptionof electrical energy. IEEE
"The Smart Grid is a revolutionary undertaking, entailingnew capabilities for communications and control,
integration of new energy sources, distributed generationand adoption of a regulatory structure," Erich Gunther,Chairman and CTO with EnerNex and member of the Department of Energy (DOE)
GridWise Architecture Council.
"Successful roll-out requires a phenomenal diversity ofexpertise and experience, proven standards-developmentcapability and shared vision.
IEEE and Erich Gunther
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Smart Grid DefinitionA Smart Grid is self-healing, enables active participationof consumers, operate resiliently against attack andnatural disasters, accommodate all generation and
storage options, enable introduction of new products,services and markets, optimize asset utilization andoperate efficiently, provide power quality for the digitaleconomy. - DOE
Intelligrid is the foundation for the intelligent electricinfrastructure of the future and the platform for futuretechnical, process, and service innovation in the energy
sector. - EPRI
DOE & EPRI
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It is a global society based on a new infrastructure emergingfrom the convergence of energy, telecommunication,
Internet, and electronic commerce. The digital societyrepresents a new era of economics and social experiencedriven by technological changes that are producing newways of working, new means of communicating, new goodsand services, new transaction processes, and new forms ofcommunity.
The digital society is driven mainly by the digital economy
which is enabling commerce in the 21st Century usingtechnology that is microprocessor-based.
What is the Digital Society?
The Digital Society rev.2 3.19.01
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Table of Content
Smart Grid Definition
Why Smart Grid?
Who triggered Smart Grid?
U.S Investments
What is Smart Grid?
How to implement?
Conclusion
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Growth in World Electric Power Generation and Total EnergyConsumption, 1990-2030
DOE, May 2009, EIA (Energy Information Administration)
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World Net Electric Power Generation, 1990-2030
DOE, May 2009, EIA (Energy Information Administration)
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Non-OECD Net Electric Power Generation by Region1990-2030
DOE, May 2009, EIA (Energy Information Administration)
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Why Smart Grid?Some predict that worldwide electric power generationmay nearly double between 2004 and 2030.
And as the world moves from aPetroleumEconomy to anElectricity economy over the next 30years, electricity will become our most strategic
commodity.
Yet the electric grid -- the all-important middleware thatties the generation of electrical power to its end use
suffers from years of neglect and deferred maintenance.Simply patching yesterdays outmoded infrastructure isntthe answer.
The Forces in Favor of a Smart Grid By SGN, Jan 19, 2010
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Table of Content
Smart Grid Definition
Why Smart Grid?
Who triggered Smart Grid?
U.S Investments
What is Smart Grid?
How to implement?
Conclusion
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August 14, 2003, Blackout
NOAA, DOE
1 Canadian Province affected
8 U.S. states affected
12 airports partially or completely closed
259 power plants shut down
700 flights cancelled nationwide
9,266 square miles affected
61,800 MW of power lost
1.5 million Cleveland residents withoutwater
50 million people affected
$4.5-12 billion in lost economic activity
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Conservative Estimate of Total Economic Losses isat least $ 120 Billion/year (2001)
EPRI, 2001
$ 150 Billion/year(2009) - DOE
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A survey of economic losses in key industries sponsored bythe Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) showed that the
aggregate economic loss from power disturbances of alltypes represents more than 1 percent of U.S. GDP (EPRI,2001).
These costs are parasitic in nature and are largely unnoticed,but roughly $400 per person in economic loss from powerdisturbances is being passed along to consumers every yearin the form of higher prices for goods and services. (EPRI2001)
Power outages that cost American consumers $150 billion ayear -- about $500 for every man, woman and child in theUnited States. (DOE, 2009)
$500/year from my, my familys & friends pocket each
EPRI, 2001
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Climate Change
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
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Climate Change
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
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Climate Change
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
Summary of the principal componentsof the radioactive forcing of climatechange.
All these radioactive forcings result
from one or more factors that affectclimate and are associated with humanactivities or natural processes asdiscussed in the text. The valuesrepresent the forcings in 2005 relativeto the start of the industrial era (about1750). Human activities cause
significant changes in long-lived gases,ozone, water vapour, surface albedo,aerosols and contrails. The onlyincrease in natural forcing of anysignificance between 1750 and 2005occurred in solar irradiance. Positiveforcings lead to warming of climate andnegative forcings lead to a cooling. Thethin black line attached to eachcoloured bar represents the range ofuncertainty for the respective value.
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Climate Change Unequivocal Warning MessageClimate change, in the absence of mitigation policies would in all likelihoodlead to:
1. Possible disappearance of sea ice by the latter part of the 21st century
2. Increase in frequency of hot extremes, heat waves and heavy precipitation
3. Increase in tropical cyclone intensity
4. Decrease in water resources due to climate change in many semi-arid areas,such as the Mediterranean Basin, western United States, southern Africa and
north-eastern Brazil.5. Possible elimination of the Greenland ice sheet and a resulting contribution
to sea level rise of about 7 metres. Without mitigation future temperatures inGreenland would compare with levels estimated for 125,000 years ago whenpalaeoclimate information suggests 4 to 6 m of sea level rise.
6. Approximately 20 to 30% of species assessed so far are likely to be atincreased risk of extinction if increases in global average warming exceed 1.5to 2.5 degrees C.
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Who or/and What trigged Smart Grid?Blackouts
Climate change
Looming Energy Crisis
Technology Changes
Market demands
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Table of Content
Smart Grid Definition
Why Smart Grid?
Who triggered Smart Grid?
U.S Investments
What is Smart Grid?
How to implement?
Conclusion
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October 27, 2009
President Obama Announces $3.4 Billion Investment to SpurTransition to Smart Energy Grid Applicants say investmentswill create tens of thousands of jobs, save energy andempower consumers to cut their electric bills.
The $3.4 billion in grant awards are part of the AmericanReinvestment and Recovery Act, and will be matched byindustry funding for a total public-private investment worthover $8 billion.
Empowering Consumers to Save Energy and Cut Utility Bills -- $1 billion.
Making Electricity Distribution and Transmission More Efficient -- $400 million.
Integrating and Crosscutting Across Different Smart Components of a SmartGrid -- $2 billion.
Building a Smart Grid Manufacturing Industry -- $25 million.
U.S Investments to Smart Grid (1)
DOE
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Empowering Consumers to Save Energy and Cut Utility Bills -- $1 billion.
These investments will create the infrastructure and expand access to
smart meters and customer systems so that consumers will be able toaccess dynamic pricing information and have the ability to savemoney by programming smart appliances and equipment to run whenrates are lowest.This will help reduce energy bills for everyone by helping drive downpeak demand and limiting the need for stand-by power plantsthe most expensive power generation there is.
U.S Investments to Smart Grid (2)
DOE, Oct 2009
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Making Electricity Distribution and Transmission MoreEfficient -- $400 million.
The Administration is funding several grid modernization projects across
the country that will significantly reduce the amount of power that is wastedfrom the time it is produced at a power plant to the time it gets to yourhouse.By deploying digital monitoring devices and increasing gridautomation, these awards will increase the efficiency, reliability andsecurity of the system, and will help link up renewable energyresources with the electric grid.This will make it easier for a wind farm in Montana to instantaneously pickup the slack when the wind stops blowing in Missouri or a cloud rolls over asolar array in Arizona.
U.S Investments to Smart Grid (3)
DOE, Oct 2009
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Integrating and Crosscutting Across Different SmartComponents of a Smart Grid -- $2 billion.
Much like electronic banking, the Smart Grid is not the sum total of its
components but how those components work together.The Administration is funding a range of projects that will incorporate thesevarious components into one system or cut across various project areas including smart meters, smart thermostats and appliances,syncrophasors, automated substations, plug in hybrid electricvehicles, renewable energy sources, etc.
Building a Smart Grid Manufacturing Industry -- $25 million.These investments will help expand our manufacturing base ofcompanies that can produce the smart meters, smart appliances,synchrophasors, smart transformers, and other components for smart grid
systems in the United States and around the world representing asignificant and growing export opportunity for our country and new jobs forAmerican workers..
U.S Investments to Smart Grid (4)
DOE, Oct 2009
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Create tens of thousands of jobs across the country. These jobs include highpaying career opportunities for smart meter manufacturing workers;engineering technicians, electricians and equipment installers; IT systemdesigners and cyber security specialists; data entry clerks and database
administrators; business and power system analysts; and others.Leverage more than $4.7 billion in private investment to match the federalinvestment.
Make the grid more reliable, reducing power outages that cost American
consumers $150 billion a year -- about $500 for every man, woman andchild in the United States.
Install more than 850 sensors - called Phasor Measurement Units - that willcover 100 percent of the U.S. electric grid and make it possible for gridoperators to better monitor grid conditions and prevent minor
disturbances in the electrical system from cascading into local or regionalpower outages or blackouts. This monitoring ability will also help the grid toincorporate large blocks of intermittent renewable energy, like wind andsolar power, to take advantage of clean energy resources when they areavailable and make adjustments when theyre not.
U.S Investments to Smart Grid Effects (1)
DOE, Oct 2009
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Install more than 200,000 smart transformers that will make it possible forpower companies to replace units before they fail thus saving money andreducing power outages.
Install almost 700 automated substations, representing about 5 percent of thenations total that will make it possible for power companies to respond fasterand more effectively to restore service when bad weather knocks downpower lines or causes electricity disruptions.
Power companies today typically do not know there has been a power outage
until a customer calls to report it. With these smart grid devices, powercompanies will have the tools they need for better outage prevention andfaster response to make repairs when outages do occur.
Empower consumers to cut their electricity bills. The Recovery Actcombined with private investment will put us on pace to deploy more than 40
million smart meters in American homes and businesses over the next fewyears that will help consumers cut their utility bills.
U.S Investments to Smart Grid - Effects (2)
DOE, Oct 2009
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Install more than 1 million in-home displays, 170,000 smart thermostats,and 175,000 other load control devices to enable consumers to reducetheir energy use. Funding will also help expand the market for smartwashers, dryers, and dishwashers, so that American consumers can further
control their energy use and lower their electricity bills.Put us on a path to get 20 percent or more of our energy from renewablesources by 2020.
Reduce peak electricity demand by more than 1400 MW, which is the
equivalent of several larger power plants and can save ratepayers more than$1.5 billion in capital costs and help lower utility bills. Since peak electricityis the most expensive energy and requires the use of standby powergeneration plants the economic and environmental savings for even a smallreduction are significant. In fact, some of the power plants for meeting peakdemand operate for only a few hundred hours a year, which means the
power they generate can be 5-10 times more expensive than the averageprice per kilowatt hour paid by most consumers.
U.S Investments to Smart Grid - Effects (3)
DOE, Oct 2009
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Renewable Energy - $23 billion and leverage over $43 billionin additional investment
Vehicles and Fuels of the Future - $16 billion
Grid Modernization - $4 billion
Energy Efficiency - the largest single investment in homeenergy efficiency in U.S history.
Carbon Capture - $10 billion and additional $4 billion inprivate funds
Nuclear Power
Science and Innovation - for the foundation for the cleanenergy economy - In 2010, $12.6 billion
U.S Investments to Transformation to A Clean Energy Economy
White House, Dec 2009
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Table of Content
Smart Grid Definition
Why Smart Grid?
Who triggered Smart Grid?
U.S Investments
What is Smart Grid?
How to implement?
Conclusion
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Scope of Smart Grid Concerns
DOE, 2009
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Smart Grid
DOE
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What is the Digital Society?
The Digital Society rev.2 3.19.01
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SECT : SECTIONALIZER
RECL : RECLOSER
WAN
GENCOS IPPS DISCOS
INTRANETWAN
NCC
SA SA SA SA
INTRANETWAN
RCC RCC
MOSNext
GenerationEMS
DAUIED
MAJORCUSTOMERS
SERVER & FW
TELCOS
Power DeliveryAutomation - SystemArchitecture
R & D
ENG
ENG Center(Non-Operat
Data)
ENG Center- True WAPS
/ DSM
HAN
Smart Meter& Appliance
/ DSM
DMS/DSM
RECLSECT XFMR
PFM/AM CGIS
DER / PHEV
OMS IAAD
DER
WAPS IED
ENG
AMI
AMI
ERP
DecisionMaking
SysSecurityCenter
OMS
OMS
PFM/AM
CGIS
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EPRI Introduction of intelliGrid, 2004
ObjectivesVision of the Power System of the Future
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Characteristics or Performance Features of a SmartGrid
Self-healing from power disturbance events
Enabling active participation by consumers in demandresponse
Operating resiliently against physical and cyber attack
Providing power quality for 21st century needs
Accommodating all generation and storage options
Enabling new products, services, and marketsOptimizing assets and operating efficiently
DOE
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Table of Content
Smart Grid Definition
Why Smart Grid?
Who triggered Smart Grid?
U.S Investments
What is Smart Grid?
How to implement?
Conclusion
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Generation Costs
0 200 400 600 800
Solar
Wind
LNG
Hydro
Coal
Nuclear
USD/1MWh
KNEF, 2009
32
47
71
87
91
604
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Nuclear Power Generation Units
0 500 1000 1500
1980
2009
2030
2050
Units
1400 Units
730
439
247
IAEA
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CO2 Emissions from Electricity Production
IAEA, 2000
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Investigations
Roadmap
Actions to be taken right now
Short term
Medium term
Long tem
R&D
Pilot projects
Consensus
Partnership
Education Saving energy and recycling
ROI based & Bring Value to End user
How to implement?
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Focus on preventing Blackout
Digital Substation (IEC 61850)
True Wide Area Protection
Engineering Center
Actions to be taken right now !
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Re-evaluate your reliability criteria
Periodically update your safeguard systems
Audit and update your existing protection schemes
Support your operators for success
Periodically update your Black Start Plan
Periodically update your Disaster Recovery and BusinessContinuity Plan
Consider centralized control and improve communicationsPeriodically update your public outreach program
Protect your system from terrorism
Support new technology development
Preventing the Blackout: Top 10Below are the Top 10 actions utilities can take now:
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Step One: Analysis & Audits
Step Two: Preventive and Corrective Actions :
Improve monitoring, diagnostics, and control center performance(e.g. availability of critical functions needs to increase to 99.99%);Secure real-time operating limits on daily basis (e.g. dynamic lineratings);Implement Special Protection Schemes and Adaptive Protection;
Perform protection coordination studies on a regular basis assystem conditions change;Test not only individual relays but system protection applications;Perform dynamic voltage and transient stability studies on a regular
basis as system conditions change;Condition assessment of aging infrastructure and improvedmaintenance;Operator training, including a coordinated approach among controlareas
How to Prevent Blackouts
Damir Novosel, KEMA
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Step Three: Public Policy, Transmission and FutureInvestments :
Long-term investments, Significant investment, The retirement and
replacement, High-voltage power electronicsMuch needed improvements in public policyMicroprocessor-based coordinated protection, monitoring andcontrol systems are the key to innovations in preventing cascadingdisturbances.The implementation of an advanced wide-area protection systemfirst requires a significant improvement of the existing decentralizedsystems.Advanced algorithms to make local decisions based on local
measurements and/or selected remote information.The key to a successful solution is fast detection, fast and powerfulcontrol devices, communication system, and smart algorithms, inother words "True Wide Area Protection and Control System".
How to Prevent Blackouts
Damir Novosel, KEMA
Hidden Failures in Protection Systems
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Many Hard Wiring/Raceway
SWYD
SWGR Trip/Close
Coil
Conventional
CT / VT's
SWGR Aux
Contact
Sensor /
Switch
Aux RlyAux Rly
Aux Rly
Aux Rly
Ann MeterSwitch Lamp
MeterTimer Switch
Lamp
Prot Rly
Cont Room
Relay RoomMux
RemoteEnd
XDCR Aux CT
F/R
RTU I/O
Aux Rly
RTU AI
RTU
RCC
Legacy System
Hidden Failures in Protection Systems
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Many Hard Wiring/Raceway
SWYD
SWGR Trip/Close
Coil
Conventional
CT / VT's
SWGR Aux
Contact
Sensor /
Switch
Aux RlyAux Rly
Aux Rly
Aux Rly
Ann MeterSwitch Lamp
MeterTimer Switch
Lamp
Prot Rly
Cont Room
Relay RoomMux
RemoteEnd
XDCR Aux CT
F/R
RTU I/O
Aux Rly
RTU AI
RTU
RCC
IED
Legacy System to IEC 61850
Hidden Failures in Protection Systems
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IED
SWGR Trip/Close
Coil
Conventional
CT / VT's
SWGR Aux
Contact
Sensor /
Switch
Operator Station
/ Eng WS
CommunicationNetwork
INTRANETLAN/WAN
ERP
IEC 61850
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IED
SWGR Trip/Close
Coil ECVT
SWGR Aux
Contact
Sensor /
Switch
Operator Station
/ Eng WS
CommunicationNetwork
INTRANETLAN/WAN
ERP
Digital Substation (IEC 61850-9-2)
Intelligent CB IED MU
Only FiberOptic Cables
NoControlRoom
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100Mbps LAN Respon se t im e : 3-4 msRelay 1 Respon se t im e : 2 msRelay 2 Respon se t im e : 2 ms
8 ms
IED1
52
Trip Output
500 mS
UCA2 LAN ControlSolid State Output
Breaker
Hardwire ControlRelay Output
Legacy DeviceCommunication
8 mS
Technology
Trip Message
Process Bus or/and Station LAN IEC-61850/Ethernet
IED2 IED3
12 ~ 20 mS
BlockingMessage
< 8ms, Event-to-Output
Peer to Peer
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DAU- IntelligentSensor
Not Only Electrical Sensor,
+ Physical / Chemical / Bio Sensor Too
Voting Logic Schematic
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HMI Engineering
100 MBit/s Fiber Switch
Router
Station Bus
RCC
ModernCT / VTs
ModernSWGR
DAUDAU
ModernCT / VTs
ModernSWGR
DAUDAU
IntelligentSensor
DAU
IED IED IED IEDRedundant
G Bit/s FiberSwitchProcess Bus
61850-9-2
System architecture IEC 61850-9-2
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Eastern Road Substation (Full Digital with IEEE 1588)
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CLP withIEEE 1588
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Why did IEC 61850 come out?
So many Protocols
Can not talk Each Other
Interpretation via Gateway - $ $ $ & t t tSo many components, hardwires, raceways and bigSpace. Very complicate, Not Reliable
High Total Cost of OwnershipLegacy protocols base on Technology based on 1980s
Needs Dictionaries all the times because of Proprietary
tag formats & Arcane addressingLimited Information Gathering
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SimpleSo many components, copper hardwires,raceways, complex
System
InformationManagement
Data Acquisition (Limited)Shift
Client / Server,Peer to Peer
Self Description, Intuitive,Drag and Drop, SCL
Defines standardizedInformation Models
User Oriented,
Object Oriented
IEC 61850
Master / SlaveCommunication
Manually entered, Manually verified, App tied
to tag or free form alias, Any tag conventionsare proprietary.
Mapping
Proprietary tag formats, Arcane addressing,Needs dictionary all the times.
Format
Designed to optimize bandwidth andhardware utilization (uP speeds, RAM and
ROM space base on technology in 1980th.
Design
TraditionalItem
Traditional vs. IEC 61850
AEP/GE C S d C C i
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AEP/GE - Case Study Cost Comparison
By calculating the total labor costs for both the copper-basedimplementation and the Process Bus architecture, the following labor costscan be derived:
NOTES: This cost study being based on retrofit installation reflects theworst-case scenario for the proposed IEC 61850-9-2 process bus system,as field cabling for copper signaling already exists. For new installationswhere new copper cables must be run and terminated, the material andlabor savings of the proposed process bus architecture are much greater.
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Traditional Hard-wired Solution Process Bus System
NOTES: Even greater cost savings and resource optimization can berealized in greenfield installations where both the merging units andpackaged control buildings are pre-installed and tested by the respectivevendor(s) prior to shipment to site. In this case, the major on-site laborcost becomes the laying and plugging in the outdoor fiber cables betweenthe control building and the switchyard.
A li ti f IEC 61850 O t id S b t ti
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Extensions of IEC 61850-90-2 with regard to control centers (IEC TC 57AHWG07)
The Harmonization of the information model in IEC 61850 with the CIM model defined
in IEC 61970 (Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API))
The use of IEC 61850 for information exchange between substations and controlcenters
Extensions of IEC 61850 for Line Protection (New work item proposal in
progress)
Extensions of IEC 61850 for Wind Power Plants (Published in the series IEC61400-25-x of IEC TC 88 PT 25)
Extensions of IEC 61850-7-420 for Distributed Energy Resources (DER) (IECTC 57 WG 17)
Extensions of IEC 61850-7-410 for Hydroelectric Power Plants (IEC TC 57 WG18)
Applications of IEC 61850 Outside Substations
E t i f IEC 61850
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Profile and extensions of IEC 61850 for high voltage switchgears(IEC TC 17)
Information models for advanced metering networks and demandResponse (Open AMI)
IEC 61850 extensions for Power Quality Monitoring
IEC 61850 common extensions for Statistical and Historical Statistical
information
IEC 61850 extensions for Condition Monitoring & Diagnostics (New workitem proposal in progress)
Extension of IEC 61850
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IEC61850IEC61850--77--410410Hydroelectric Power PlantsHydroelectric Power Plants
IEC61850IEC61850--77--420420 DistributedDistributedEnergy Resources (DER)Energy Resources (DER)
SUBSTATIONS
Base IEC 61850
GENERATION
IEC 61850-7-4xx
SUBSTATION
IEC 61850-90-1
CONTROL CENTER
IEC 61850-90-2
Extension of IEC 61850
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China's total power generation
capacity reached 905.10 GW in2008
905GW2008
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China GDPGrowth
1970
2007
225 B RMB
24,662 BRMB(3,612 BUSD)
110 timesthan1970
Open-Door,Nov 1978
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Source : Real-Time SecurityMonitoring and
Control of PowerSystems 99.08U.S. Departmentof Energy
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RegulateRegulate
AutomaticallyAutomaticallyor Manuallyor Manually
Protective RelayProtective Relay
Stability ControlGenerator Rejection
Load Shedding
Out-of-step SeparationU/Voltage Loadshedding
U/Frequency Loadshedding
NormalNormalOperationOperation
FaultFault
Stable ?N
Stable ? Stable ? Blackout
Blackstart
Operation ControlOperation Control Defense Line 1Defense Line 1 Defense Line 2 Defense Line 3
Restorative Path
NN
Y Y Y
True WAPS - China
N l
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Normal
Alert
Emergency
Normal OperationNormal Operation
Preventive ControlPreventive Control
Restorative
Extreme
Blackout
Defence Line 1Defence Line 1Fast Fault ClearanceFast Fault Clearance
Defence Line 2Defence Line 2
Stability ControlStability Control
Defence Line 3Defence Line 3
OutOut--ofof--step Separationstep Separation
TrueWAPS -China
N l
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Normal
Alert
Emergency
Normal OperationNormal Operation
EffectiveEffective
Preventive ControlPreventive Control
Restorative
Extreme
Blackout
Defence Line 1Defence Line 1
Fast Fault ClearanceFast Fault Clearance
Corrective ControlCorrective Control
Defence Line 2Defence Line 2Stability ControlStability Control
Defence Line 3Defence Line 3OutOut--ofof--stepstepSeparationSeparation
TrueWAPS -China
Solution of the second defense line
True WAPS 2nd Defense System, Distributed structure of one
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64kbit/2M
Fiber
64Kbit/2M
Fiber
Slave unit
Master Unit
Slave unit
Date Acquisition
Process and Execution
station
Solution of the second defense line
True WAPS 2nd Defense System
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Structure of PSCS
True WAPS 2nd Defense System, Online Analysis
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True WAPS 2nd Defense System, Online Analysis
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True WAPS 3rd Defense System
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Out-of-Step IED
Under frequency/voltage load shedding IED
Over frequency generator trippingOver voltage separation
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Take measurements to avoid the occurrence of systemcollapse and bring the system back to synchronizationagain if out-of-step is happened to the system
Measurements taken : islanding, shutting generators,shedding loads or starting other control provisions.
Quick stages and slow stages of the out-of-step protection
are provided
Capability to detect more than 100ms period of out-of-step
True WAPS 3rd Defense System, Out-of-Step IED
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MZ
NZ
R
jX
True WAPS 3rd Defense System, Frequency/Voltage control
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deviceFrequency and voltage emergency control for powersystem stability
Load-shedding and system islanding under the conditionof under-frequency or under-voltage
Accelerating Load Shedding When
Quick Decline of Frequency (|dfdt|>Restraint)Quick Decline of Voltage (|dvdt|>Restraint)
Prevent Unwanted Operation
Block Logic Based on dfdtdudt Caused by Fault,Load Feedback, VT Wire Breakage etc.
Prevent Over-Shedding
Stop Operating When df/dt>0 or du
dt>0
True WAPS 3rd Defense System, X Grid UFLS Scheme
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Stage 1 49.1Hz 0.2S, 5.0%
Stage 2 48.9Hz 0.2S, 6.0%
Stage 3 48.7Hz 0.2S, 7.0%
Stage 4 48.5Hz 0.2S, 8.0%
Stage 5 48.3Hz 0.2S, 9.0%
Special Stage 1 49.1Hz 10S, 3.32%
Special Stage 2 49.1Hz 15S, 3.32%Total 41.64%
Operational vs Non-Operational Data
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Operational Data tells what is happening.
Non-Operational Data - can explain
why things are happening.
Need Engineering Center covering all Non-operationaldata including True Wide Area Protection
Seamless Information Exchanges,
E i i C
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+ Engineering Center
InformationEx. Pool
SystemPlanning
AM, PFM, RiskM(Maint, Diago,
GIS, Doc Mgmt
Fault Cal. RelaySetting Cal. &Coordination
TransientAnalysis
EMS, SAS,Contingency
Analysis
PQ, FaultAnalysis,
IAAS, OMS
Eng Automation
SCL
ACTS (AutoTesting)
ERP, CustomerService
SSD ICD
CID
SCD
Eng Center,WAPS
Table of Content
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Smart Grid Definition
Why Smart Grid?
Who triggered Smart Grid?
U.S Investments
What is Smart Grid?How to implement?
Conclusion
Hot issues in 21st Century
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Energy
FoodWater
Environment (Climate Change)
If we find eco-substantial energy resources anddelivery solutions then can easily solve the issuesof food, water and environment.
Conclusion
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IED is Engine of Smart Grid,
Smart Grid is;
Way to go Smart Digital Society
Way to Save Smart Earth
Who will pay for it?
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If we deliver Value to customers thenthey will pay for it.
Protection Engineer to be Multi Majors get great
opportunities in Digital Society in the near future!
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opportunities in Digital Society in the near future!
Power
SystemProtection
Power SystemAnalysis
SignalProcessing
ArtificialIntelligence
AnalogElectronics
SoftwareDevelopment
DigitalElectronics
DER &Renewable
Energy
Diagnostics
PC & uPTechnology
Communication
Thanks!
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Thanks! .