SMART HOMESThe “Internet of Things”

A presentation for MT5009, Analyzing Hi-technology opportunities, byHenrik Nilsson, Aleksander Gora, Low Kang NienRavi Raman, Abbin P Joy

For information on other technologies, please see Jeff Funk’s slide share account

(http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/presentations) or his book with Chris Magee:

Exponential Change: What drives it? What does it tell us about the future?

http://www.amazon.com/Exponential-Change-drives-about-future-

ebook/dp/B00HPSAYEM/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1398325920&sr=8-

1&keywords=exponential+change

Outline

• Introduction

What is a “Smart Home” and why do we want them?

• Smart Devices

What features do they offer?

What are the underlying technologies?

Improvements in performance and cost

Diffusion of Smart Devices and their features

• The Future

“Do It Yourself” and Open Source

Healthcare

Energy efficiency

• Conclusions2

What is a “Smart Home”?

“A home equipped with lighting, heating, and electronic devices that can be controlled remotely by smartphone or computer.”– Oxford dictionaries (2014)

"A dwelling incorporating a communications network that connects the key electrical appliances and services, and allows them to be remotely controlled, monitored or accessed.”– UK Department of Trade and Industry (2003)

What is a “Smart Home”?

• An intelligent network capable

of connecting and controlling

various appliances throughout

your home.

• Can be controlled and

monitored remotely (e.g. with

your smartphone)

• Uses sensors to detect

movements and changes in the

physical state of your home.

• Utilize the “Internet of things”

Why do we want Smart Homes?

• Improve energy efficiency

Automatic lighting based on presence

Automatically regulated thermostats based on daily routine

• Improved accessibility and controllability

Voice, gesture and motion controlled lights, TVs, etc.

• Improved convenience

Automatically or remotely controlled thermostats, lights, multimedia systems and other electrical appliances

• Enhanced security

Intelligent and programmable looking systems

• Increased resale value

“Smart Devices” add extra value to homes, which can be sold at a much higher price that far exceeds the cost of the “Smart Devices”

5

What makes a “Smart Device” smart?

• Generally includes…

Transceivers

• Allows for the device to communicate wirelessly

Sensors

• Can sense changes in the physical state of its surrounding

Motors and other actuators

• Can change the state of its surrounding

Communication Interfaces

• Touch screens, Voice command, Gesture control

• Requires enabling technologies such as…

ICs, telecommunications, MEMS and other sensor technologies

Smart Windows

What is a “Smart Window”?

• Control the flow of light through the window

Can replace traditional blinds and curtains

• Programmed to auto-tint based on temperature

• Automatically open/close on command

• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)

• Saves energy by lessen the need for heating/cooling

Drivers of improvement

• New materials and processes

Glass panel vs. plastic sheet

Plastic sheets have less than half the price of electrochromic glass

• New processes

Electrochromic layer (e.g. tungsten oxide) between conducting oxide

Layer of conductive liquid-crystal polymer between layers of PET plastic

• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

What is “Smart Lighting”?

• Amount of light emitted to be controlled

• Automatically regulates the amount of light emitted

Sensors for natural daylight, movements and presence

Programmed based on daily routine

Light up specific parts of a room individually

• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)

• Uses up to 80% less energy than a traditional light bulb

• Can change color (through LEDs with different colors)

Drivers of improvements

• New materials for LEDs

• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

Smart Lighting

Smart Thermostat

What is a “Smart Thermostat”?

• Automatic regulation of your AC system

• Self-programmable, i.e. “learns” form its surrounding

Using sensors for temperature, humidity, far/near-field activity

Auto schedule and tweak temperatures to fit your daily routine

• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)

• Lower energy consumption by up to 20 %

Drivers of improvements

• MEMS and sensor technology

• Telecommunication

• ICs and Artificial intelligence

What is a “Smart Refrigerator”?

• Allows for more efficient food management

• Monitoring inventory and expiry dates

RFID to keep track of food

Scan grocery receipts or item barcodes

Image and voice recognition

LCD panel for information display and interaction

• Remotely monitored and controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)

• Recipe suggestion and communications to other cooking devices (LG)

Drivers of improvements

• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

• ICs, RFID technology and human-computer interfaces (HCI)

Smart Refrigerators

Smart Bed

What is a “Smart Bed”?

• Can measure average breathing and heart rate and movements

Create and present (e.g. in your smartphone) a sleeping profile

• Adjust firmness and elevation of any part of the bed

Change the shape of the bed to prevent snoring

Can be programmed with several profiles

• Remotely controlled

Using remote control, smartphone, voice commands

• Perform massage

• Advice on optimum firmness levels and how to improve sleeping patterns

Drivers of improvements

• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

• ICs, Artificial intelligence and HCI

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2535859/Solving-insomnia-21st-century-5-000-smart-bed-monitors-movement-breathing-heart-rate-perfect-nights-sleep.html#ixzz2yUrfTtDe

Smart TV

What is a “Smart TV”?

• More advanced computing ability and connectivity

• Allows your TV to act as a computer

Browse websites

Use internet-based services (VOD, VOIP, social networking etc.)

Interact with other multimedia devices

• Remotely controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)

• Can support voice, motion and face recognition

Drivers of improvements

• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

• ICs, HCI and operating systems

Smart Lock

What is a “Smart Lock”?

• Remotely controlled and monitored (e.g. with your smartphone)

• Can be programmed to allow access to outsiders during a certain times

• Connected to and control other Smart Devices (e.g. Smart Lights)

• Sense if someone is knocking on the door and alerts residents

• Take and send photos of what is in front of the door

• Monitor lock/unlock activity

• LED indication of lock status

Drivers of improvements

• MEMS and sensor technology

• Telecommunication

Smart Household Appliances

What are “Smart Household Appliances”?

• “Smart Cookware” includes appliances such as…

Ovens

Coffee/tea makers

Vacuum cleaners

Washing machines

• Can be programmed to start automatically

• Remotely controlled and monitored (e.g. with your smartphone)

• Alert the user when the program is finished

Food/drink is ready

Cleaning/washing program is finished

Drivers of improvements

• MEMS and sensor technology, telecommunication

Improvements in cost across all Smart Devices

• Scaling

Increased demand

• Two estimates that both represents a CAGR of about 17 %

– $17 billion (2013) to $52 billion (2020)

– $33 billion (2013) to $71 billion (2018)

• Leads to larger production volume

Lower production costs

• Improvements in enabling technologies such as…

ICs, MEMS and sensor technologies

Telecommunication

Artificial intelligence and HCI

…which all experience very rapid rates of improvements

Improvements in cost of Smart Devices

Smart Device 2014 2018 2022 Comment

Smart Window 2900 2552 2230 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Lighting (10 units) 400 200 100 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Thermostat 250 122 60 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Refrigerator 3500 2730 2130 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Bed 8000 4000 2000 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years

Smart TV 550 275 138 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Lock 200 100 50 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Oven 1300 1040 832 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Coffee/Tea Maker 160 128 103 ~ 20 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Vacuum Cleaner 1100 610 353 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years

Smart Washing Machines 1800 900 450 ~ 50 % reduction in 4 years

Total 20160 12657 8446 ~ 35 % reduction in 4 years

How does a “Smart” Device add value to your home/life?

• Simplicity

Is it easy and intuitive to use?

• Convenience

Does it significantly enhance your everyday life?

• Efficiency and reliability

Can you trust it enough to fully take care of certain tasks?

• Customizability

Can it be customized to your specific needs?

• Sustainability

Does it provide long-term value or will it quickly become obsolete?

Why some products will diffuse faster than others?

• The added value can come from…

Hardware, e.g. processors, sensors, displays

Software, e.g. artificial intelligence

Or a combination of hardware and software

• If the Smart Device…

Requires little effort to attain the benefits from the “Smart” features

• Need of human interaction

Assist you in “essential” everyday tasks or provides additional value

• …it will provide greater added value

Requires high levels of automation and advanced software

Which Smart Devices are most likely to diffuse first?

Smart DeviceNeed of human

interaction?Value adding or “essential” task

Improvementsin cost

Smart Window Low Value adding Moderate

Smart Lighting (10 units) Low “essential” High

Smart Thermostat Low “essential” High

Smart Refrigerator High Value adding Moderate

Smart Bed Low Value adding High

Smart TV High Value adding High

Smart Lock Medium “essential” High

Smart Oven Medium Value adding Moderate

Smart Coffee/Tea Maker Medium Value adding Moderate

Smart Vacuum Cleaner Low “essential” High

Smart Washing Machines Medium Value adding High

The future of Smart TVs and computers

• As smart TVs are becoming more powerful and add

greater freedom to what they can do, the gap

between computers and the Smart TVs is reduced

• It is likely that in the future there will be no distinction

between TVs and computers

• Our homes will be filled with these displays that are

all interconnected and can view and do anything you

want it to do

Features most likely to diffuse first across all Smart Devices

1. Remotely monitored and controlled

The Smart Devices can be monitored and controlled from anywhere for your convenience

• All Smart Devices

2. Energy efficiency and power saving features

Smart Devices will, over time, use less energy than its related “non-smart” devices

Reduce the overall energy consumption of you home

• E.g. Smart Windows, Thermostats, Lighting

3. Automation

The Smart Devices completely and automatically take care of some tasks for you

• E.g. Smart Windows, Thermostats, Lighting, Vacuum Cleaner

4. Status updates

Log and send information about it status to the user

• E.g. Smart Beds, Locks, Household Appliances

Market Trend for Smart Devices

• Many smaller startups emerge

Using open-source and sharing communities

Require more extensive assembly and/or

programming/software installation

More customizable systems and freedom

• Appealing to tech-savvy hobbyists

“Do it yourself” mentality (DIY)

Build and set up your own customized Smart Home

Causes even more systems to emerge

DIY and Open Source:Raspberry Pi

• Credit card sized single-board computer

Initial intention to promote teaching of basic computer

science in schools

• Can be used as a controller

for Smart Devices

Wirelessly connect with

• Sensors

• Motors

• Servers

• Etc.

DIY and Open Source:Wunderbar

• Bundle including a central controller and six sensors

WiFi and Bluetooth connections

Can easily be programmed to do anything you want

Add additional sensors

• Light, proximity, humidity, temperature,

accelerometer, gyroscope, infrared transmitter

www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmLY7sOssg0

DIY and Open Source:Arduino

• Single-board computer (preassembled or disaggregated)

Can be connected with a wide variety of sensors, motor and

other actuators to sense and control the environment

Control lights, screens and basically anything that you plug into

a wall socket

Hundreds of clone and innovation freely available to download

DIY and Open Source:Sensors

Temperature

Gyroscopes

Hall sensors

Termistors

Tilt sensors

Touch sensors

Joysticks

Displays

Static color identification sensors

Heart rate sensors,

Buzzers,

Vibrating sensors

Gas sensors

Ethanol sensors

Photosensitive sensors

Ultrasound sensors

Soil moisture sensors

Leds modules

• There is a wide array of sensors available for these Open Source systems

• Increased freedom to customize your own Smart Home

Possibility to create devices and features not currently offered in existing solutions

Markets where Smart Devices will have great impact on society

• Energy efficiency

We are becoming increasingly aware about our energy

consumption

Smart Devices can help lower our consumption

• Healthcare

Smart Devices can improve the life quality of elderly or patients

suffering from chronic diseases

• Automate certain everyday tasks they cannot do or struggle to perform

themselves

• Reduce the need for personal assistance

Smart Healthcare

• Connect and collect data from Smart Devices

throughout the home

Embedded health systems can integrate sensors and

microprocessors into appliances, furniture and clothing

• Data is stored in database and can be send to

physicians for monitoring

Smart Healthcare for Elderly

What is a “Smart Grid”?

• Enhanced electric distribution network that connects electrical providers, power delivery systems and consumers using of wireless communications and network technology and associated sensors and software

• Features of a “Smart Grid” includes

Demand monitoring and response

Distributed generation management

Electrical and thermal storage management

Transmission management

Power outage and restoration detection

Power quality management

Distribution automation

• Connect energy harvesting systems to serve as backup source if grid the fails

Smart Energy Consumption

Smart Grid for Smart Homes

• Currently in prototyping and pilot phase but expected to be in use by 2019 in selective states in the U.S.

Final thoughts on Smart Homes

• Major challenges for the emergence of Smart Homes

Lack of standardization of communication protocols, i.e. data

transmission, collection, processing and storage

• Results in too many different remote controls or apps in your smartphone

Consumer distrust regarding the security issues of the increased

collection and processing of private data

• A movement towards the “Internet of Things”

Refers to the idea of all objects being uniquely identified and

integrated into a single information network where they can be

monitored and interact with each other

Emergence of Management and Control Systems

• To address the lack of interconnectivity, many new “Smart Integrators” has emerged

Connects with all your Smart Devices

Control all your Smart Devices from a single point of contact

Remotely monitored and controlled (e.g. with your smartphone)

Can be programmed to automatically control your Smart Devices

NINJA SPHERE

revolv

Standardization and the “Internet of Things”

References – General

• http://www.osgi.org/Markets/SmartHome

• http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/Jini

• http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/MarketReports/smarthomesandassistedlivingadvanc edtechnologieand-

globalmarket121.html

• http://venturebeat.com/2014/02/11/studythesmarthomeindustrywilldoubleinsizeby2018 reaching71b/

• http://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/2014/01/21/whysmarthomesmightactuallybehere tostay/

• http://www.bloomberg.com/news/20140115/googlenestpurchaseseenimprovingsmartho megizmo-

connections.html

• http://www.buffalonews.com/business/technology/technologyforsmarthomesisslowlygaini ngground20140127

• http://freshome.com/2013/03/25/5smarthometechnologiesthatwillsaveyoumoney/

• http://www.futuretimeline.net/21stcentury/2020.htm 10.http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/canarythefirst-

smarthomesecuritydeviceforeveryone

• http://www.gsma.com/connectedliving/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/vision20of20smart20home20report.pdf

http://www.bluetooth.com/Pages/SmartHomeMarket.aspx

• http://www.angieslist.com/articles/howsmartyourhomelearnhowhomeautomationbeco mingmore-

accessible.htm

• https://www.ieso.ca/smarthomeroadmap/

Latest access to all websites: 17 Apr 2014

References – Smart Devices

Smart Window• http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/transparent-smart-

window.html• http://www.popsci.com/article/gadgets/smart-windows-lighten-

and-darken-cueSmart Lighting• http://www.t3.com/news/philips-launches-next-generation-of-

the-hue-familySmart Thermostat• http://www.amazon.com/Nest-Learning-Thermostat-Generation-

T100577/dp/B006ML9J4OSmart Refrigerator• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_refrigerator• http://www.electronichouse.com/product/details/french_door_re

frigerator_with_smart_thinq_technology/Smart Bed• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2535859/Solving-

insomnia-21st-century-5-000-smart-bed-monitors-movement-breathing-heart-rate-perfect-nights-sleep.html

Smart TV• http://www.samsung.com/levant/microsite/smarttv2013/en/2013

_si/img/gate_tv.png• http://newsbytes.ph/2013/03/30/lg-lifts-curtain-on-advanced-

home-appliances/Smart Oven• http://www.lg.com/us/ranges-ovens/lg-LRE3027ST-electric-range

Smart Lock:• http://www.gojiaccess.com/• http://www.engadget.com/2014/01/07/goji-smart-lock-gives-you-

remote-access-to-your-front-door-start/• http://www.cnet.com/products/august-smart-lock/• http://www.august.com/• http://www.cnet.com/products/lockitron/• http://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelwolf/2014/02/27/smart-

locksexpectedtobe36billions liceofsmarthomepie/Smart Vacuum Cleaner• http://www.samsung.com/sg/consumer/home-

appliances/vacuum-cleaner/robotic-type/VCR8845T3A/XSPSmart Coffee Maker• http://www.lg.com/us/ranges-ovens/lg-LRE3027ST-electric-range

Smart Healthcare• https://www.himss.org/library/patient-engagement/smart-homes-

healthcare• Smart technologies for older people, IBES Institute for Broadband-

enabled society, May 2012• Smart Home Systems, Mahmoud A. Al-Qutayri ,01-Feb-2010

Smart Grids• Central Maine Power Case Study, U.S Department of Energy,

January 2014• Smart Grid Integrating Renewable, Distributed & Efficient Energy,

Fereidoon P Sioshansi, 2012• Smart Home: The Human Side of the Smart Grid, Gapgemini, 2010

Latest access of all websites: 17 Apr 2014