EuropeanUnion

Funded by

SF/ 2014/ 46

SMART LICENSING OF ARTISANAL FISHERIES IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF TANZANIA (MAINLAND) WITH EMPHASIS ON SMALL

PELAGICS FISHERIES

Martin Van der Knaap

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The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of Indian Ocean Commission.

© 2014 Indian Ocean Commission

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“ This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can no way be taken to the reflect the views of the European Union.”

Programme for the implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy for the

Eastern and Southern Africa – Indian Ocean Region

SF/ 2014/ 46

SMART LICENSING OF ARTISANAL FISHERIES IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF TANZANIA (MAINLAND) WITH EMPHASIS ON SMALL PELAGICS FISHERIES

Martin Van der Knaap

(OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 2013)

4

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

LIST OF TABLES 6LIST OF FIGURES 6ABBREVIATIONS 7EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8SOMMAIRE EXECUTIF 9INTRODUCTION 12METHODOLOGY 15PERFORMANCE IN RELATION TO TOR 16

Review the registration system of artisanal vessel in Tanzania, with particular emphasis on the artisanal vessels targeting small pelagic fish. 161. Determine which vessels register, nationally/ local authority. How many vessels register as a percentage of total vessel, in particular for the ringnet fishery. Registration of fishing vessels 16Licensing of fishing vessels 16 2. Determine if the license/registration fee is adequate in terms of norms for licence fees in relation to the value of the catch, where does the revenue of the licensing system end up and what percentage is re-invested in the fishery. 16Assist in the preparation of procedures to improve licencing and registration of the artisanal fishery, in particular the ringnet fishery 241. Detail an improved licencing and registration system for the artisanal fishery, in particular the ring net fishery, including aspects of implementation cost, ease of implementation, revenue generated and revenue sharing and cost recovery options available in term of the current legislation. 242. Provide recommendation on the implementation of the system and possible changes in policy and legislation (if required) 24Licensing 28Boat registration 28 Role of Beach Management Units (BMUs) 30

DISCUSSION 30Pelagic fishery 30SMART money operations 30Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries 31

ANNEX 1 TERMS OF REFERENCE 32ANNEX 2 LIST OF PERSONS MET 35ANNEX 3 LIST OF ACTIVITIES 36ANNEX 4 DATA FORM FOR MINI FRAME SURVEY 2013 39ANNEX 5 (DRAFT) SPEECH FOR PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR WORKSHOP OPENING (TRANSLATED INTO KISWAHILI) 40 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Registration and license fees for fishing vessels by size category. Source: Fisheries Regulations (For QA/APP/09-11, pp 137-139)

Table 2: Status of registration of marine fishing vessels by region and district. Source: Frame Survey Report, Table 8

Table 3: Potential revenues from registering and licensing marine fishing vessels by region and district in 2009

Table 4: Number of fishermen per district and the potential revenues from licensing @ US$ 10 per fisherman per year.

Table 5. Numbers of fishermen in 2009 and 2013, the potential license revenues and the collected revenues (license fee at US$ 10).

Table 6. Numbers of fishermen in 2009 and 2013, the potential license revenues and the collected revenues (theoretical license fee at US$ 15).

Table 7. Numbers of fishermen in 2009 and 2013, the potential license revenues and the collected revenues (theoretical license fee at US$ 20).

Table 8 Summary of Pelagic Fisheries Survey 2013

Table 9 Vessel size distribution in Frame Survey of 2009

Table 10. Revenues collected from licensing by Fisheries Department

Table 11. Summary of costs of the Coastal Fisheries Frame Survey in 2009

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Map of Tanzanian coastline, showing the 16 Districts

Figure 2. Evolution of numbers of fishermen by district along Indian Ocean (Tanzania). Source: Frame Survey report, 2009; Mini frame survey 2013.

Figure 3. Annual harvest of small pelagic fish in Tanzanian waters (Mainland)

Figure 4. Map of RUMAKI area (WWF-Project) showing fishing grounds for small pelagics (Courtesy: WWF Tanzania).

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LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS

BMU Beach Management Unit

DED District Executive Director

DFsO District Fisheries Officer

DoF Director of Fisheries

EAF Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

IPOA International Plan of Action

LGA Local Government Authority

LOA Length Over-All

MLFD Ministry for Livestock and Fisheries Development

NMSC National Maritime Security Committee

PABAKI Pangani-Bagamayo-Kilomoni area

RUMAKI Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa area

SUMATRA Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority

T.Shs. Tanzania Shillings

US$ American dollar

WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

ExECUTIVE SUmmARy

During October-November 2013 a mini fisheries frame survey was carried out in the districts bordering the Tanzanian coast of the Indian Ocean. Its purpose was to obtain an overview of the distribution of fishermen and fishing vessels along the coast and in order to find out to what extent registration and licensing of fishing vessels and fishermen takes place. The information led to the estimation of potential revenues in case all artisanal vessels and fishermen were licensed. Their registration would be a great step towards combating Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported fishing in Tanzanian waters. The results of the mini frame survey were compared with those of the latest frame survey in 2009. An increase in fishermen and a slight decrease in vessels could be observed. The registration and licensing rates increased from 27 to 37% over a period of four years. It may take long before the entire fleet is registered and licensed. Therefore it is proposed to make use of existing technology, using mobile phones and the so-called “mobile money or smart

money” to collect license fees (and registration fees). This system is well known in East Africa and payment points are found in every village and town. This system will guarantee a secure and transparent way of recording licencing information. Upon receipt of the funds the fishermen and fishing vessels will be provided with badges and license plates to demonstrate their compliance with regulations. Analyses have been prepared to indicate the increase in revenues if licence fees could be increased to the equivalents of US$ 15 and US$ 20 per year. These revenues are considerable and would easily meet the initial costs for the establishment of the system. This technological way of revenue collection provides other advantages, too, for instance the creation of a network that allows the distribution of bulk messages to reach thousands of beneficiaries in a short time, to warn for instance against extreme weather conditions, to coordinate search and rescue operations, or to remind fishermen to pay their fees, etc.

The results of the mini survey and the proposed system for licensing have been discussed during a workshop in Bagamoyo and the discussions led to a number of recommendations to strengthen the line of command between the Fisheries Department and the District Fisheries Officers, to plough back revenues from fisheries operations into the fisheries sector; to simplify the requirements from another institution responsible for shipping and to test the new system in three districts Pangani, Bagamoyo and Kinondoni (PABAKI).

The above system is in line with the latest Fisheries Management Plan for small pelagic fisheries based on the Ecosystem Approach to Fishing that all fishermen and fishing vessels be registered and licensed. The method may apply to the entire artisanal fleet operating in the Tanzanian coastal waters.

The SmartFish programme could herewith establish a system of Smart Licenses for Smart fishermen.

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RÉSUmÉ ExECUTIF

Pendant la période octobre-novembre 2013 une mini enquête-cadre a été effectuée dans les différents districts sur la façade tanzanienne de l’Océan Indien. Son objectif était d’avoir une idée de la distribution des pêcheurs et leurs bateaux de pêche le long de la côte océanique ainsi que d’avoir une idée des pourcentages des pêcheurs et leurs bateaux enregistrés et licenciés. Cette estimation a servi de guide sur les recettes potentielles au cas que tous les bateaux et pêcheurs artisanaux auraient obtenu leurs licences de pêche. Leur enregistrement serait une bonne action dans la lutte contre les captures illégales, non-déclarées et non réglementées dans les eaux tanzaniennes. Les résultats de la mini enquête-cadre ont été comparés avec ceux de l’enquête-cadre la plus récente, celle de 2009. Le nombre de pêcheurs avait augmenté tandis que le nombre de bateaux de pêche avait légèrement diminué. Le degré de l’enregistrement et du nombre de licences ont été augmentés de 27 à 37% dans une période de quatre ans. Il prendra beaucoup plus de temps avant que toute la flottille soit enregistrée et licenciée. Par conséquent il a été proposé d’utiliser de la technologie existante, en utilisant des portables avec le système intitulé « mobile money » ou « smart money » pour la collecte des revenues des licences et des frais d’enregistrement. Ce système est déjà bien connu en Afrique de l’Est et les points de paiement se trouvent partout dans les villes et petits villages. Ce système appliqué garantit des transactions assurées et transparentes pour l’enregistrement de l’information de licence. Dès que les paiements sont reçus les pêcheurs et les bateaux de pêche seront fournis des « badges » et des preuves d’immatriculation, qui serviront de démonstration que les pêcheurs se conforment aux régulations. Des analyses ont été effectuées pour calculer l’augmentation des revenus potentiels au cas de l’augmentation des frais de licence aux niveaux de US$ 15 et US$ 20 par an (ou leurs équivalents en T.Shs.). Ces revenus sont importants et pourraient facilement supporter les dépenses initiales de l’introduction de ce système. Cette façon de collecte de revenus technologique prévoit d’autres avantages, par exemple la création d’un réseau qui permet la distribution des messages en vrac pour atteindre des milliers de bénéficiaires instantanément pour prévenir contre des conditions de temps extrêmes, pour coordonner des expéditions de secours, ou pour rappeler les pêcheurs de payer leurs frais de licences, etc.

Les résultats de la mini enquête-cadre et le système proposé ont été discutés pendant un atelier qui a eu lieu à Bagamoyo. Les discussions ont mené aux plusieurs recommandations pour le renforcement de la ligne de commandement entre le Département des Pêches et les Agents de pêche de district ; également de reverser les bénéfices dans le secteur de pêche ; ainsi que de simplifier les nécessités d’une autre institution responsable de la navigation ; et aussi pour tester le nouveau système aux trois districts Pangani, Bagamoyo et Kinondoni (PABAKI).

Le système ci-dessus est en ligne avec le Plan-cadre pour l’Aménagement des Pêches aux petits pélagiques, qui se base sur l’Approche Ecosystémique des Pêches que tous les pêcheurs et bateaux de pêche soient enregistrés et licenciés. Cette méthode peut être appliquée à la flottille artisanale entière qui exploite les eaux côtières tanzaniennes.

Le Programme SmartFish serait dans une bonne position de lancer le système de Licences Smart pour les Pêcheurs Smart.

Introduction

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INTRODUCTION

The Department of Fisheries, in close collaboration with FAO, applied the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and the result was the Management Plan For the Tanzanian Artisanal Fishery for Small and Medium Pelagic Fish Species. The plan identified the following key issue: “Fundamentally open access nature of fishery hampers any effective Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS), no database of fishers and fishing vessels exists”. The subject of the present study is geared towards facilitating the licensing process in order to use the the licensing system as a tool to manage the fishery and to halt the open access character of the artisanal fishery in general, and the small pelagics fishery in particular.

The above-mentioned document provides a detailed description of the fishery for pelagic fish resources in Tanzanian waters (mainland). The Tanzanian artisanal fishery targets the small and medium pelagic fish species, using ringnets, purse seines, gillnets, hook-and-line, longlines and trolling lines. The species exploited are the sardines, anchovies, Indian mackerels and jacks and other similar species. The fishermen use dug-out canoes, ngalawas (canoes with outriggers), dhows and boats. The fishery is important for food security, direct employment, auxiliary employment and revenues for Local Government Authorities, and to a lesser extent revenues for the Fisheries Department.

The results of the latest fisheries frame survey along the Tanzanian coast demonstrated that that approximately 27% of the vessels and fishermen are registered. Consequently that figure reflects the maximum percentage of the total number of licenses. The current study describes a possible mechanism by which the total number of licenses will increase, and thus the revenues from them. Eventually a total register of vessels and fishermen will be the result, which may be applied for managing the fisheries resources. The requirement to license the fisheries operators will satisfy the need to stop the open access to the fishery, especially when a portion of the revenues are ploughed back into the fishery with the purpose of conducting Monitoring, Control and Surveillance along the Tanzanian coast of the Indian Ocean.

The Tanzanian coastline and the riparian districts are presented in Figure 1. Figure 2 presents some of the results of the RUMAKI project, financed by the World Wide Fund (WWF), and implemented in three districts: Rufiji, Mafia and Kilwa. This figure shows the fishing grounds for small pelagic fisheries resources in the study area.

Figure 1. Map of Tanzanian coastline, showing the 16 Districts

Figure 2 Map of the RUMAKI area (WWF-Project) showing fishing grounds for small pelagics

(Courtesy: WWF Tanzania).

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mETHODOLOGy

The present report is the result of a mission to Tanzania (Mainland) to investigate the feasibility of improving the licensing methods of artisanal fishermen in Tanzanian coastal waters. The Terms of Reference of the study are presented in Annex 1. The lists of activities and persons met are presented in Annexes 2 and 3 respectively.

The Fisheries Department conducted a full-fledged frame survey along the coast of the Indian Ocean in 2009. The results of that exercise (Ref) formed the basis for the present study. As the results were already four years old, it may be expected that in the meantime an increase of the fishing capacity took place; the increase in capacity was also observed on other major water bodies in Tanzania, e.g. Lakes Victoria and Tanzania (LVFO 2013; LTA Secretariat 2012).

Therefore it was decided to conduct a rapid appraisal of the artisanal fishery in general and the pelagic fishery in particular by sending data forms to the District Fisheries Officers in the 16 districts bordering the Indian Ocean. The form has been discussed with the Fisheries staff involved and the final version of the form is featuring in Annex 4. The results of this mini frame survey are summarized in the next chapter.

Based on the numbers of canoes and fishermen according to frame survey 2009 an estimate has been made of the potential revenues from boat registration fees, boat licence fees and fishermen’s licence fees. These values were then compared with the results of the mini frame survey.

The calculations were made according to the information provided in the Fisheries Regulations 2009.

The mini frame survey results were discussed with the 16 District Officers from the coastal area, and staff from the Fisheries Department, during a workshop held in Bagamoyo. A summary of the findings is presented in Annex 5 and the opening speech by (the representative of) the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development is presented in Annex 6.

Discussions were held with telecommunication providers in order to find out whether current technology could be used in transforming the collection of license fees and the registration of fishermen and fishing vessels. One company delegated representatives to the workshop in Bagamoyo to present the possibilities of using mobile phones to pay license fees to central and district accounts.

Catch estimates exist and vary between 25,000 and 45,000 tonnes annually. Figure 3 presents the annual harvest from Tanzanian waters for a number of categories of pelagic fish.

The sharp decrease in the harvest of small pelagics in 2006 remains unexplained at this point in time. Prior to 2006 the production level remained more or less stable, but since 206, particularly the sardines and anchovies, underwent some fluctuations. These fluctuations may have different causes; apart from environmental and climatic influences, the answer could simply be the high fishing effort exerted on these resources. Therefore, the Management Plan For the Tanzanian Artisanal Fishery for Small and Medium Pelagic Fish Species should be considered a timely measure to further manage these resources. The results of the present study may contribute to the management measures proposed in that plan.

Figure 3. Annual harvest of small pelagic fish in Tanzanian waters (Mainland)

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The licence fee for a fisherman without boat is US$ 10.

The Frame Survey results of 2009 indicated that 73.2% of the fishing vessels were not registered (Frame Survey Report, Table 8). This table is copied as follows:

PERFORmANCE IN RELATION TO TOR

Review the registration system of artisanal vessel in tanzania, with particular emphasis on the artisanal vessels targeting small pelagic fish. 1 Determine which vessels register, nationally/ local authority.

How many vessels register as a percentage of total vessels , in particular for the ringnet fishery.

In the first place a distinction has to be made between the registration and licencing of a fishing vessel.

REGISTRATION OF FISHING VESSELSThe Fisheries Regulations, 2009 (G.N. No 308. Of 28/8/2009), stipulate (Regulation 4, page 12, Application Form on page 94) that fishing vessels be registered and that their owners should be in possession of a Certificate of Registration of the Fishing Vessel (QA/APP/09, page 165). This regulation applies to all fishing vessels, including dug-out canoes. The revenues from registering the fishing vessels smaller than 11 meters will be collected by the Local Government Authority (LGA) and those from vessels exceeding 11 meters in length over-all (LOA) will be collected by the Department of Fisheries (DoF). Fishing vessels operating in the marine sector may only be registered if they have been issued with a certificate of seaworthiness. All fishing vessels should be assigned an identification mark by a licensing officer. All districts have one Licensing Officer appointed by the District Fisheries Officer (DFsO). The Director of Fisheries approves the registration of vessels with LOA exceeding 11 metres, although the registration fee will be collected by the LGA. All districts will maintain registers of fishing vessels (Form 10, page 114) and the Director of Fisheries will maintain a Central Registry.

LICENSING OF FISHING VESSELSThe Fisheries Regulations stipulate that before an application can be made for a fishing vessel licence, a certificate of seaworthiness must have been issued by the Competent Authority that is responsible for shipping. Fishing vessels longer than 11 metres LOA shall be licenced after written approval of the Director of Fisheries. Vessels below 11 metres LOA need to be inspected by a licensing officer, who issues a licence after having received the appropriate licence fee. The fees for vessels over 11 metres LOA are received by the Fisheries Department and those for vessels shorter than 11 metres LOA are received by the Local Government Authority.

2 Determine if the license/registration fee is adequate in terms of norms for licence fees in relation to the value of the catch, where does the revenue of the licensing system end up and what percentage is re-invested in the fishery.

The applicable licence fees for the fisheries under study are summarized as follows (Source: The Fisheries Regulations, 2009; (For QA/APP/11), pp. 138-139):

FIN FISH FISHING VESSEL REGISTRATION AND LICENCE

US$ US$

Up to 11 meters length Registration fee/vessel License fee/vessel

Artisanal 10 10

Semi-artisanal --- 10

Semi-commercial 15 10

11.1 to 15.0 meters

Semi-commercial 50 50

Commercial 50 65

15.1-20 meters 105 100

Table 1: Registration and license fees for fishing vessels by size categorySource: Fisheries Regulations (For QA/APP/09-11, pp 137-139)

Region District Registered Unregistered % Unregistered TOTAL

Coast Bagamoyo 303 109 26.5 412

Mkuranga 59 325 84.6 384

Mafia 79 886 91.8 965

Rufiji 115 1254 91.6 1369

Sub-total 556 2574 82.2 3130

Dar s Salaam Ilala 151 71 32.0 222

Kinondoni 207 266 56.2 473

Temeke 194 295 60.3 489

Sub-total 552 632 53.4 1184

Lindi Lindi Urban 27 115 81.0 142

Lindi Rural 51 235 82.2 286

Kilwa 73 546 88.2 619

Sub-total 151 896 85.6 1047

mtwara Mtwara Urbn 73 157 68.3 230

Mtwara Rural 179 702 79.7 881

Sub-total 252 859 77.3 1111

Tanga Muheza 46 45 49.5 91

Mkinga 142 184 56.4 326

Pangani 100 171 63.1 271

Tanga City 256 248 49.2 504

Sub-total 544 648 54.4 1192

TOTAL 2055 5609 73.2 7664

Table 2: Status of registration of marine fishing vessels by region and districtSource: Frame Survey Report, Table 8

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From Table 3 it may be concluded that, assuming that 73% of the fishermen were not licensed in 2009, the total losses due to non-registration of the marine artisanal fleet and non-licensing of that same fleet amounted to at least two times US$ 56,090 or US$ 112,180.

Assuming that none of the fishermen were licensed in 2009 at the rate of US$ 10 per fisherman per year, then the total losses would amount to US$ 293,120 as per Table 4. As the vessel non-registration rate was of the order of 73.2 % in 2009, a total revenue of US$ 78,556 might have been realized. It should be taken into account that this total amount may have been collected in different districts over a number of years. It may be difficult to find out in which years the vessels were registered. Obviously, the emphasis at present will be to register the remainder of the fleet and generate revenues from that registration exercise.

As a matter of definition the boat category of 10 m and above, as presented in the Frame Survey Report, cannot be considered the equivalent of the boats of 11 m and above. The registration and licence fees are different for boats smaller than 10 m and for boats of 11 m and more. In other words the boats with a length between 10 and 11 m are comprised in the frame survey’s category of 10 m and above, but for these boats other fee rates apply than for the longer boats. In order to arrive at a figure for estimating the order of magnitude of the potential revenues the fee rates of the smaller boats have been applied. The results are presented in Table 3.

The following table shows the potential amount in revenues could have been collected if all boats had been registered, assuming a registration fee of US$ 10 per vessel, as the frame survey report does not provide the breakdown of registered vessels smaller or larger than 11 meters LOA. In 2009 the total estimate of losses to revenues for registration alone amounted to US% 56,090. The same table shows the potential revenues from vessel licenses in case all vessels had been issued a license at the rate of US$ 10 per boat per year. This amounted to US$ 76,600 for the year 2009. The actual amount of vessel licensing payments is not known as the licensing rate was not known in 2009. It may be concluded, however, that non-registered boats were not licensed in that year.

Vessel Registration and License fees @ USD 10

Potential

Registration

Revenues

Actually

Received (over certain

period)

Losses toRevenues

Potential AnnualLicense

RevenuesRegion District

Coast Bagamoyo 4120 3030 1090 4120

Mkuranga 3840 590 3250 3840

Mafia 9650 790 8860 9650

Rufiji 13690 1150 12540 13690

Sub-total 31300 5560 25740 31300

Dar s Salaam Ilala 2220 1510 710 2220

Kinondoni 4730 2070 2660 4730

Temeke 4890 1940 2950 4890

Sub-total 11840 5520 6320 11840

Lindi Lindi Urban 1420 270 1150 1420

Lindi Rural 2860 510 2350 2860

Kilwa 6190 730 5460 6190

Sub-total 10470 1510 8960 10470

mtwara Mtwara Urbn 2300 730 1570 2300

Mtwara Rural 8810 1790 7020 8810

Sub-total 11110 2520 8590 11110

Tanga Muheza 910 460 450 910

Mkinga 3260 1420 1840 3260

Pangani 2710 1000 1710 2710

Tanga City 5040 2560 2480 5040

Sub-total 11920 5440 6480 11920

TOTAL 76640 20550 56090 76640

Table 3: Potential revenues from registering and licensing marine fishing vessels by region and district in 2009

US$ 10 per fisherman per year Potential

Annual

Region District Fishers Revenues

Coast Bagamoyo 1462 14620 Mkuranga 1434 14340 Mafia 3502 35020 Rufiji 3556 35560 Sub-total 9954 99540Dar es Salaam Ilala 1331 13310 Kinondoni 2490 24900 Temeke 3351 33510 Sub-total 7172 71720Lindi Lindi Urban 376 3760 Lindi Rural 865 8650 Kilwa 2920 29200 Sub-total 4161 41610Mtwara Mtwara Urban 821 8210 Mtwara Rural 2278 22780 Sub-total 3099 30990Tanga Muheza 233 2330 Mkinga 1652 16520 Pangani 740 7400 Tanga City 2301 23010

Sub-total 4926 49260

TOTAL 29312 293120

Table 4: Number of fishermen per district and the potential revenues from licensing @ US$ 10 per fisherman per year.

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Table 5 furthermore presents the number of fishermen in each district in 2009 and 2013. The total number of fishermen increased by 4764 (16%), but the different districts show considerable fluctuations in their numbers of fishermen as presented in Figure 4. Whilst the total number of fishermen in the Coast and Dar es Salaam Regions remained somehow stable, the other three regions experienced strong increments of fishermen between 2009 and 2013.

Striking changes in the numbers of fishermen between 2009 and 2013 may be observed in Mafia District, a strong reduction, and in Mtwara Rural, where a strong increased was observed in the same period (Figure 4). Relatively strong increments have been reported from Lindi Urban, Lindi Rural and Pangani. Geographically it may be concluded that the southern districts underwent a sharp increase in the number of fishermen (Lindi Urban, Lindi Rural and Mtwara Rural).Table 5 presents the number of fishermen in 2009 and 2013. In some cases the same figures are used

for 2013 as for 2009. This implies that the datasets are incomplete and have not been updated since. Applying the US$ 10 fee per fisherman per year a total potential revenue of US$ 340,760 could be realized, which is the equivalent of T. Shs 545,216,000. The survey yielded revenue figures for 2013 amounting to T. Shs. 144,269,900, leaving a negative balance of T. Shs. 400,946,100 or US$ 250,591. This amount does not include the license fees for fishing vessels.

US$ 10 Per year 2013 2013 2013

2009 2013 Potential Potential Collected

Region District Fishers Fishers Revenues Revenues Revenues

Coast Bagamoyo 1462 1714 17140 27,424,000 4,388,000

Mkuranga 1434 2279 22790 36,464,000 4,163,500

Mafia 3502 1749 17490 27,984,000 36,729,000

Rufiji 3556 4247 42470 67,952,000 4,000,000

Sub-total 9954 9989 99890 159,824,000 49,280,500

Dar s Salaam Ilala 1331 1331 13310 21,296,000 12,663,000

Kinondoni 2490 2513 25130 40,208,000 13,170,900

Temeke 3351 2800 28000 44,800,000 9,739,700

Sub-total 7172 6644 66440 106,304,000 35,573,600

Lindi Lindi Urban 376 801 8010 12,816,000 4,120,000

Lindi Rural 865 1800 18000 28,800,000 800,000

Kilwa 2920 3500 35000 56,000,000 11,700,800

Sub-total 4161 6101 61010 97,616,000 16,620,800

mtwara Mtwara Urbn 821 642 6420 10,272,000 642,000

Mtwara Rural 2278 4819 48190 77,104,000 6,544,500

Sub-total 3099 5461 54610 87,376,000 7,186,500

Tanga Muheza 233 224 2240 3,584,000 2,203,000

Mkinga 1652 2086 20860 33,376,000 5,200,000

Pangani 740 1321 13210 21,136,000 1,329,400

Tanga City 2301 2250 22500 36,000,000 26,876,100

Sub-total 4926 5881 58810 94,096,000 35,608,500

TOTAL 29312 34076 340760 545,216,000 144,269,900

SHORTFALL 400,946,100

US$ 250,591

Table 5. Numbers of fishermen in 2009 and 2013, the potential license revenues and the collected revenues (license fee at US$ 10).

Figure 4. Evolution of numbers of fishermen by district along Indian Ocean (Tanzania). Source: Frame Survey report, 2009; Mini frame survey 2013.

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The license fee amounts for fisherman and vessel, compared to the total proceeds of the annual catch per fisherman or fishing vessel are negligible. That does not imply that a fisherman on any given day can pay up the equivalent of US$ 10. Fishermen may prefer to pay the fees in installments.

US$ 15 Per year 2013 2013 2013

2009 2013 Potential Potential Collected

Region District Fishers Fishers Revenues Revenues Revenues

Coast Bagamoyo 1462 1714 25710 41,136,000 4,388,000

Mkuranga 1434 2279 34185 54,696,000 4,163,500

Mafia 3502 1749 26235 41,976,000 36,729,000

Rufiji 3556 4247 63705 101,928,000 4,000,000

Sub-total 9954 9989 149835 239,736,000 49,280,500

Dar s Salaam Ilala 1331 1331 19965 31,944,000 12,663,000

Kinondoni 2490 2513 37695 60,312,000 13,170,900

Temeke 3351 2800 42000 67,200,000 9,739,700

Sub-total 7172 6644 99660 159,456,000 35,573,600

Lindi Lindi Urban 376 801 12015 19,224,000 4,120,000

Lindi Rural 865 1800 27000 43,200,000 800,000

Kilwa 2920 3500 52500 84,000,000 11,700,800

Sub-total 4161 6101 91515 146,424,000 16,620,800

mtwara Mtwara Urbn 821 642 9630 15,408,000 642,000

Mtwara Rural 2278 4819 72285 115,656,000 6,544,500

Sub-total 3099 5461 81915 131,064,000 7,186,500

Tanga Muheza 233 224 3360 5,376,000 2,203,000

Mkinga 1652 2086 31290 50,064,000 5,200,000

Pangani 740 1321 19815 31,704,000 1,329,400

Tanga City 2301 2250 33750 54,000,000 26,876,100

Sub-total 4926 5881 88215 141,144,000 35,608,500

TOTAL 29312 34076 511140 817,824,000 144,269,900

SHORTFALL 673,554,100

US$ 420,971

Table 6. Numbers of fishermen in 2009 and 2013, the potential license revenues and the collected revenues (theoretical license fee at US$ 15).

US$ 20 Per year 2013 2013 2013

2009 2013 Potential Potential Collected

Region District Fishers Fishers Revenues Revenues Revenues

Coast Bagamoyo 1462 1714 34280 54,848,000 4,388,000

Mkuranga 1434 2279 45580 72,928,000 4,163,500

Mafia 3502 1749 34980 55,968,000 36,729,000

Rufiji 3556 4247 84940 135,904,000 4,000,000

Sub-total 9954 9989 199780 319,648,000 49,280,500

Dar s Salaam Ilala 1331 1331 26620 42,592,000 12,663,000

Kinondoni 2490 2513 50260 80,416,000 13,170,900

Temeke 3351 2800 56000 89,600,000 9,739,700

Sub-total 7172 6644 132880 212,608,000 35,573,600

Lindi Lindi Urban 376 801 16020 25,632,000 4,120,000

Lindi Rural 865 1800 36000 57,600,000 800,000

Kilwa 2920 3500 70000 112,000,000 11,700,800

Sub-total 4161 6101 122020 195,232,000 16,620,800

Mtwara Mtwara Urbn 821 642 12840 20,544,000 642,000

Mtwara Rural 2278 4819 96380 154,208,000 6,544,500

Sub-total 3099 5461 109220 174,752,000 7,186,500

Tanga Muheza 233 224 4480 7,168,000 2,203,000

Mkinga 1652 2086 41720 66,752,000 5,200,000

Pangani 740 1321 26420 42,272,000 1,329,400

Tanga City 2301 2250 45000 72,000,000 26,876,100

Sub-total 4926 5881 117620 188,192,000 35,608,500

TOTAL 29312 34076 681520 1,090,432,000 144,269,900

SHORTFALL 946,162,100

US$ 591,351

Table 7. Numbers of fishermen in 2009 and 2013, the potential license revenues and the collected revenues (theoretical license fee at US$ 20).

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Assist in the preparation of procedures to improve licencing and registration of the artisanal fishery, in particular the ringnet fishery 1 Detail an improved licencing and registration system for the

artisanal fishery, in particular the ring net fishery, including aspects of implementation cost, ease of implementation, revenue generated and revenue sharing and cost recovery options available in term of the current legislation.

The registration and licensing rate in 2009 appeared to be low: around 27% of the fishing vessels were registered and as a result the licensing rate did not exceed that figure. According to the mini frame survey conducted in 2013 the rate would have been slightly improved to about 37%. The major obstacle is the lack of funding of the DFsOs and their staff to organize licensing campaigns and visit landing sites for the collection of revenues. In case such exercises are held relatively large sums are collected in cash, which need to be deposited the same day for security reasons.

It is proposed to introduce a system whereby the transfer of cash is replaced by electronic fund transfers through mobile phones. Although the exact figures are not known, it is assumed that practically all fishermen possess mobile phones or have access to them. In case the mobile phones are used for money transfers, i.e. for payment of license fees, then statements from the telecom service providers and bank statements will show the fisherman’s identification number, amount paid in, date and time of payment, etc. This provides sufficient information to monitor license fee payments and at the same time a database may be established of all fishermen and their respective coordinates and other basic information relevant for fisheries monitoring (boat or gear ownership, type of gear, etc.). In that way the fisheries staff will obtain complete registers of fishermen and vessels. The so-called mobile money services are already widely utilized, thus will not demand additional introduction or awareness generation. Obviously awareness among fishermen will have to be generated that such license fee payments are required to obtain a license, which gives access to the fishing grounds. Furthermore, it may be considered to allow fishermen to pay their dues in instalments as the amount of US$ 10 may not be payable on any given day.

Questions may arise how the fishermen obtain their proof of license once the payment has been made. As all information will be computerized, it will be relatively simple to print a plastic weather-proof badge, showing the details of the fisherman, the year of validity (colours differ every year), a colour code for gear operated, etc. Once the fisherman has made the payment he would wish to receive his badge. The distribution of badges could be realized through the DFsOs and their staff, but also through the BMUs, or a combination of the two options.

The advantages of complete revenue collection have been described above. Annually the losses from unpaid license fees are considerable. Such revenues would be to the benefit of the district administration for different development activities. The workshop that was held in Bagamoyo revealed unanimously that the revenues are not ploughed back into the fisheries sector. In two districts some operational funds were obtained from the District Executive Director (DED) and the immediate effect was that the DFsOs collected much more revenues than elsewhere along the coast. In other words it pays off if the DED would assist the DFsOs through the provision of operational funds.

Once a mobile-money collection system is in place the revenues of the DEDs will increase considerably and then a certain distribution formula could be agreed upon, so that a percentage may be used for fisheries monitoring purposes and as incentives for BMUs to fund various management operations (to be specified).

PELAGIC FISHERIES SURVEy 2013

DISTRICT NAmE TOTAL

Number of Fisheries Staff 94

Number of Landing Sites 188

Number of BMUs 158

Number of Registered BMUs 18

VESSELS

<11 METERS >11 METERS

Total Number of Vessels 7399 50

Number of Registered Fishing Vessels 3063 0

Number of Registered Fish Transport Vessels 23 0

Number of Dug-out canoes 3129 0

Number of Ngalawas 1977 0

Number of Dhows 998 0

Number of Boats 817 0

PELAGIC FISHING VESSELS

<11 METERS >11 METERS

Total Number of Registered Pelagic Fishing Vessels 1955 30

Total number of Dug-out canoes 2002 0

Ngalawa 1476 0

Dhow 687 0

Boat 647 0

FISHING GEARS FOR PELAGICS

Number of Purse Seines/Ringnets 1148

Number of Gillnets 17420

Lines (handline/longline) 12004

Sharknet 359

Castnet 844

FISHERmEN

Total Number of Fishermen 34076

Number of Licensed Fishermen for Pelagic Fish 10791

Number of Licensed Fishermen for Other Fish 1858

REVENUES TSHS USD

Revenues from Fishermen Licenses in 2013 144,269,900 90,169

Revenues from Boat Licenses in 2013 31,646,350 19,779

TOTAL REVENUES FROm LICENSES IN 2013 175,916,250 109,948

TABLE 8 SUmmARy OF PELAGIC FISHERIES SURVEy 2013

Table 8 presents the summary of the data forms that had been completed by the DFsOs. It is clear that there were some complications while completing the forms.

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Some DFsOs did not make any distinction between general fishing vessels and vessels for pelagic fishing. As a result the total numbers of boats are not matching with the totals of the components. This is regretful, but in general it is believed that the trends are correct, i.e. an increase in numbers of fishing boats and fishermen as compared to 2009. Therefore it is not correct to carry out a similar analysis as for the fishermen. Suffice it to state that about 37% of the vessels have been registered and licensed, thus a crude calculation may be made. In 2009 the losses were calculated at US$ 56,000. The losses would be less in 2013 as the number of boats decreased to 7449.

A clear indication of the importance of the pelagic fishery is the number of purse seines in use in 2013, viz. 1148. Also of interest is the number of sharknets, for a country that signed the International Plan of Action to protect shark resources (IPOA Shark).

During the workshop in Bagamoyo it appeared that there was confusion about the distinction between vessels larger and smaller than 11 meters. The number of vessels reported in the Frame Survey report (larger than 10 meters) is much higher than the reported 30 vessels in 2013. The DFsOs suspected that in 2009 also transport vessels were included and that the number of fishing vessels over 11 meters LOA is much lower. Another explanation could be that it was considered too much of a complication to apply for a licence from the Fisheries Department in Dar es Salaam and that the vessel size was overlooked for the purpose of licensing the boat. In that case, of course, the license fee ended up in the district account. This deserves attention during further studies. The Frame Survey 2009 results are presented in Table 9. This table was not presented in the Frame Survey Report but originates from the database at the Fisheries Department.

The revenues generated from licensing at the Fisheries Department are presented in Table 10. This table indicates the small numbers of fishing boats exceeding 11 meters LOA that are licensed at the Fisheries Department. The numbers of boats of 11m and longer differ considerably in 2009 and 2013. The potential revenue based on the figure from 2009 could be of interest for the Fisheries Department, but in case of the figure in 2013 the potential amount would be too small to become interesting.

An interesting achievement of the mini frame survey is a clear indication of the amounts of money collected for licensing, about US$ 110,000. Whilst discussing the license fees during the workshop there appeared to be variation in the license fees for fishermen, ranging from T.Shs. 10,000 in Mtwara (as fishermen are considered poor) to T.Shs. 20,000 in Temeke and Lindi Districts. In comparison with the regulated US$ 10 (or T.Shs. 16,000) these deviations are important. The majority of the DFsOs reported, however, that they apply the equivalent of US$ 10. It was learned from some DFsOs that license fees were also obtained from fishermen who originated from other districts. This implies that from licensing operations, in fact more funds could be generated than the amounts calculated in Tables 5, 6 and 7.

Implementation costs of the entire exercise may exceed the frame survey costs of 2009, which features in Table 11. In case the fishermen need to be registered then the time in the field may need to be longer than in 2009. Also data entry may require more time. Upon data entry (and checking) the badges will have to be printed, which will involve extra costs. Therefore a crude estimate may result in two times the total amount in Table 11: T.Shs. 150 million. When payments are made then the bank statement or service provider statement needs to be linked to the fishermen’s register, applying relational databases. The services of a database consultant may be required to build the database.

FRAmE SURVEy 2009 Vessel sizeRegion District 0-5 m 6-10 m >= 11 mCoast Bagamoyo 198 206 5

mkuranga 190 147 24 Mafia 676 225 44 Rufiji 513 296 29 Sub-total 1577 874 102

Dar es Salaam Ilala 99 56 59 Kinondoni 213 173 36 Temeke 224 217 31 Sub-total 536 446 126

Lindi Lindi Urban 97 44 1 Lindi Rural 190 73 1 Kilwa 307 173 36 Sub-total 594 290 38

mtwara mtwara Urban 187 25 18 mtwara Rural 549 133 156 Sub-total 736 158 174

Tanga muheza 24 43 10 mkinga 127 173 11 Pangani 133 127 1 Tanga City 200 270 5 Sub-total 484 613 27

TOTAL 3927 2381 467Table 9 Vessel size distribution in Frame Survey of 2009

Vessels License fees Sport License fees

year >=11 meters T. Shs US$ Fishing boats T. Shs US$

2010-2011 12 1070600 669

2011-2012 6 854820 534 5 559810 350

2012-2013 9 773000 483 6 636800 398

Table 10. Revenues collected from licensing by Fisheries Department

Summary budget of Frame survey 2009 T.Shs.

Activity Total

Pre meeting of preparation 8,160,000

Training of supervisors 3,128,000

Advertisement 1,800,000

Training of data enumerators 13,615,000

Actual Frame survey 28,104,000

Data entry 13,565,000

Report writing 6,695,000

GRAND TOTAL 75,067,000

Table 11. Summary of costs of the Coastal Fisheries Frame Survey in 2009

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motorized) vessels smaller than or equal to four meters costs US$ 5 or its equivalent in T. Shs. This inspection has to be repeated annually. The costs for the same category of boats (<= 4 meters) but mechanized are of the order of US$ 10 for first inspection and US$ 10 for each subsequent year. For vessels longer than 4 meters (both mechanized and unmechanized) the costs are US$ 1 for each additional meter or part thereof (e.g. costs for non-motorized boat of 7 meters will be US$ 8 (5+3), for a mechanized boat of 7 meters: US$ 13 (10+3), etc.).

License fees for the above categories are US$ 5 and US$ 10 for wooden vessels with or without mechanical propulsion respectively. Boats longer than 4 meters will be charged US$ 1 for each extra meter (or part thereof). (Merchant Shipping (fees) Regulations, 2005 appeared as a Government Notice No. 293, published on 23/09/2005. Subsidiary Legislation, Supplement No. 41, was published in the Gazette of URT No. 47, vol. 93, dated 23/11/2012).

SUMATRA seems to ignore the boats smaller than 4 meters as there were no records in their database. The licensing and surveying of vessels is far from complete as SUMATRA is under-staffed. In case of simultaneous operations during a fisheries-licensing scheme SUMATRA could mobilize staff for inspections (surveying) and licenses, but only in the major fishing villages. Interestingly, the Small Vessels are not required to have registration or license markings.

After ample discussion it was concluded that at the highest level possible the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development write to the Ministry of Transport to request reducing the number of inspections of the category “Small Vessels” for fishing purposes. It is believed that inspection/survey is useful in order to obtain a certificate of seaworthiness, but the annual renewal may be revised, or even waived. It is also recommended that the license to “float” be annulled for Small Vessels for fishing purposes (for both marine and freshwater sectors).

The additional annual requirements by SUMATRA (license and inspection/survey) hamper the willingness for fishermen to pay their license fees for boat and fishing, thereby contributing to illegal fishing activities. It is felt that SUMATRA could limit itself to transport vessels (of goods as well as persons) so that this part of the maritime sector may be fully covered.

It is unfortunate that the two sets of regulations of the Fisheries Act and Maritime Shipping Act are somehow conflicting with respect to registration, licensing and inspection/surveying.

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development and the Ministry of Transport discuss the issue of licensing and annual inspections of small fishing craft (smaller than 24 m LOA) and that SUMATRA will adjust the frequency of inspections of fishing boats and further concentrate on transport vessels as far as registration and licenses are concerned.

SUMATRA is member of the so-called National Maritime Security Committee (NMSC). The following institutions have representatives on that committee (in no particular order): Navy, Ministry of Defence, Marine Police, Tanzania Revenue Authority, Customs, Prime Minister’s Office, Attorney General, Ports Authority, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zanzibar Port Committee, Zanzibar Maritime Authority, Ministry of Transport. The only institution that is not represented on that committee is the Ministry for Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD). This committee was formed as part of a Contingency Plan for Combating Piracy.

The SUMATRA staff member was very much concerned about the use of explosives for killing fish. He proposed that the MLFD take this matter up with the NMSC to start tackling this issue, which destroys fish and coral resources.

2 Provide recommendation on the implementation of the system and possible changes in policy and legislation (if required)

LICENSING

The artisanal fishery is characterized by a low degree of licensing, both vessels and fishermen. Since 2009 little improvement has been observed, but there is still much room to increase the licensing rate. It has been proposed to use mobile money to generate maximum revenue for the District Administration through licensing of fishermen and vessels. In the above chapter the potential revenues have been calculated and presented. The system of the fisheries administration is quite complex. The Fisheries Department and its staff are under the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, whereas the District Fisheries Officers and their staff are under the Ministry for Local Government and Regional Administration. The line of command is therefore not very logical as the DFsOs report to the District Executive Director and not to the Director of Fisheries. The principal task of the DFsOs is to collect revenues for the DED, not only from licensing but also from fish sales at auctions and fish markets. The revenues from fisheries cannot be ignored; they contribute to a large extent to the operational expenditure of the District Administration, but not at all, in most cases, to the fisheries sector.

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that negotiations be undertaken between the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development and the Ministry of Local Governance and Regional Administration to agree that a certain percentage of the revenues from the fisheries sector are ploughed back into the same sector in order to become more alert for anomalies in the fishery, to stop illegal fishing (including the use of explosives), to better monitor and control movements of fishing boats, etc.

RECOMMENDATION: It is also recommended that the line of command from Fisheries Department to District Fisheries Officers be strengthened. It is felt that the flow of information is critically perturbed due to the fact that the superiors of the DFsOs are not in Fisheries any longer. It would be beneficial for the fisheries managers if this line of command could be restored. This may not be an overnight decision and will definitely have consequences for the fisheries act and regulations. All fisheries stakeholders are in agreement that the present situation is not conducive to appropriately and adequately monitoring and controlling of the fisheries.

RECOMMENDATION: It was further recommended by the workshop participants that the licensing year be synchronized with the financial year (i.e. from July to June).

BOAT REGISTRATION

During the mission a visit was paid to the office of SUMATRA (Surface and Marine Transport Regulatory Authority). Particularly after the discussions during the Bagamoyo workshop about the vessel inspections by SUMATRA, it was decided to find out more about the Regulations related to the registration and inspection of vessels, as mentioned by some of the District Fisheries Officers

SUMATRA has a link to the Ministry of Transport and issues licenses to ‘’float’’ or ‘’move’’ in Tanzanian waters (both freshwater and marine). The Maritime Shipping Act was revised entirely after the MV BUKOBA accident on Lake Victoria in 1996. The new Maritime Shipping Act, 2003, repealed the MSA, 1967 and the Inland Water Transport Ordinance. Certain confusion exists with respect to the terms Registration, License and Survey. The category “Small Vessels” does NOT require registration by SUMATRA. Small vessels are shorter than 24 m LOA and/or smaller than 50 GRT (i.e. basically the entire artisanal fleet operating in coastal waters). However, such Small Vessels DO require a so-called Local Safety Certificate. The first inspection for unmechanized (or non-

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fees, or to inform them on management measures or on topics of interest. Instead of text messages voice messages could be arranged too, in case of illiterate fishermen. On the other hand the fishermen may inform the management team of for instance the shift to other fishing gear, or movements to other districts. They may pose questions to the management team about any topic related to the fisheries and the environment. The BMUs normally form surveillance committees and when teams are on patrol they may be in a position to contact authorities when irregularities or illegal fishing activities are observed. The SMART money network will not only improve revenue collection, but will contribute to networking between fishing communities and those responsible for administration and management.

Upon establishment of the above described system then the provision of micro-credits may become facilitated. The system will be an excellent vehicle for reimbursing the credit in a number of installments. Particularly the efforts to create alternative income generating activities may contribute to reduce fishing effort in case of (local) overexploitation of fisheries resources.

Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries

The proposed licensing method may contribute to one of the requirements of the Fisheries Management Plan based on EAF and that is the registration of fishermen and their licensing. Consequently the vessels will be licensed in the same fashion, although a practical solution may have to be found for the payment of these fees as vessel owners may not necessarily be present at the landing sites. Arrangements must be made to allow masterfishermen to pay on behalf of the vessel owners. More insight will be obtained on the ownership of boats. Rumours have it that certain investors own large numbers of vessels; ranges of 10 to 20 vessels would not be exceptional.

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development contact SUMATRA to raise the issue of combatting the use of explosives to kill fish in order for the preparation of an action plan with other interested parties.

ROLE OF BEACH mANAGEmENT UNITS (BmUS)

The different WWF interventions established 25 BMUs in the RUMAKI area (Rufiji, Mafia and Kilwa), of which the majority are registered and operational (approximately 80%). On the other hand the MACEMP project established 133 BMUs, of which the majority remain dysfunctional due to the lack of perspectives and incentives. When fishermen apply for licenses they should pay a nominal fee of T.Shs. 500 to the respective BMU for the license application form. The low rate of licensing, however, does not allow sufficient income from this source to become of interest to the BMU.

The sale of fish at auctions generates income for the successful bidders, as this activity has been tendered out so that interested parties may become responsible for the management of a landing site and generate funds provided that a certain fixed amount is paid to the district administration. In some cases BMUs won the tenders at certain landing sites. This gives these BMUs the opportunity to generate funds. It is, however, not stipulated how these funds should be used. These funds could be used for instance to pay for the collection of catch statistics, or maintaining registers of boats and fishermen to facilitate licensing.

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that as soon as the new licensing system is in place the BMUs will benefit financially in order to encourage them to become involved in distribution of the license badges, management of the landing site, data collection and other fisheries management matters (e.g. community surveillance).

DISCUSSION

Pelagic fishery

It is realized that the mini frame survey is a snapshot of the fishery in the coastal waters of Tanzania in 2013. This approach has a potential though. In case the licensing system would be in place and the enumeration would be complete, then the fisheries could be monitored, even from a distance. This mini frame survey may have produced some interesting figures on the numbers of fishermen and boats. For purposes of taking stock of the pelagic fishery it may not have been a success. Some of the figures specified for the pelagic fishery do not match the relevant totals (e.g. the number of boats by category exceeded the total number of boats). Perhaps the declared number of purse seines could be indicative for the importance of this fishery. The numbers of other gears are not exclusively used for pelagic resources. For instance, no distinction between gillnets was made: surface gillnets for pelagic fish species or bottom-set gillnets for demersal fish.

SmART money operations

The introduction of the Mobile Money system for license fees will have other advantages as well. In case all fishermen are registered with their corresponding telephone numbers and/or identification codes, it will be possible to send bulk messages to thousands of fishermen in case of certain hazards out at sea (e.g. extreme weather, pirates, oil spills, algal blooms, etc.); the system could also be used for coordinating “Search and Rescue” operations. Naturally the system could also be used to remind fishermen to pay in their license

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AGROTEC CONSORTIUM

Assignment Name Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy (IRFS) for ESA-IO

Mission Schedule Number Result 3.

Coordinator M Kroese, KE2; Coordinator of RESULT 3: MCS

Technical Verifier M Kroese, KE2; Coordinator of RESULT 3: MCS

Background to assignment

The IRFS program was launched in February 2011 with the aim of contributing to an increased level of social, economic and environmental development and deeper regional integration in the ESA-IO region through the sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources. The program is financed by the European Union under the 10th European Development Fund within a total financial contribution of Euro 21 million. The program is implemented by the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) in collaboration with the Common Market for East and Southern Africa (COMESA), the East Africa Community (EAC) and the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD). Other regional institutions involved include the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and regional fisheries management organizations, such as the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), the Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission (SWIOFC), the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO), and the Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Organization (LTFO). The first phase of the Program will be implemented over a period of 31 months (March 2011-September 2013).

The overall objective of the program is to contribute to an increased level of social, economic and environmental development and deeper regional integration in the ESA-IO region through the sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources. The expected results and outcome of the program falls into the following five categories: fisheries governance; fisheries management; monitoring, control and surveillance; regional fish trade and food security.

In terms of MCS, one of the biggest challenges is the unregulated artisanal fishery. The effort is large both in number of participants and number of vessels in the region and of particular concern is the fishery for small pelagic fish that are transboundary in nature and are currently targeted by gears that have a detrimental impact on the coral reef structure in the region.

This assignment falls under the capacity building module of Result 3, Activity 35 - where MCS data related to Fisheries need to be strengthened. The work will assist the countries to have a better understanding of the size and impact of the fishery as well as the potential revenue (to government) of the artisanal fishery for small pelagic fish in Tanzania. Secondly, it will provide recommendation to implement an improved registrations system in order to assist the MCS of the fisheries in Tanzania, which could serve as a pilot project for other countries in the region

Issues to be addressed The specific task is to: 1) to calculate the possible revenue loss to the government (local and national) resultant from the low level of registration of the artisanal ringnet fishers in Tanzania (only Mainland ), and (2) to devise a proposal (implementation mechanism) to increase the number and register ration the boats used in the artisanal ringnet fishery

A Senior Consultant is is required

Activities of the Consultant

The expert shall perform the following tasks:

Review the registration system of artisanal vessel in Tanzania, with particular emphasis on the artisanal vessels targeting small pelagic fish.

Determine which vessels register, nationally/ local authority. How many vessels register as a percentage of total vessels , in particular for the ringnet fishery.

Determine if the license/registration fee is adequate in terms norms for licence fees in relation to the value of the catch, where does the revenue of the licensing system end up and what percentage is re-invested in the fishery.

Assist in the preparation of procedures to improve licencing and registration of the artisanal fishery, in particular the ringnet fishery

Detail an improved licencing and registration system for the artisanal fishery, in particular the ring net fishery, including aspects of implementation cost, ease of implementation, revenue generated and revenue sharing and cost recovery options available in term of the current legislation.

Provide recommendation on the implementation of the system and possible changes in policy and legislation (if required)

Report Writing

Preparation of a technical report on an improved licensing and registration system of the artisanal fishery, in particular the Ringnet fishery.

Expected outputs The Expert shall produce a report demonstrating the work done, namely:· Review of the licensing and registration system · A procedure to improve the licensing and registration system· Various reports (from each workshop delivered / attended)· Final report

The report to be produced using MS Word (and other MS Office software if necessary) and be available in hard copy and electronic form, both in Word (and other MS Office Programmes as appropriate) and all the elements together in single file pdf format.

Format of each report - VARIOUS REPORT FORMATS TO BE AGREE WITH SUPERVISOR IN ADVANCE- Final Report to include:- MS Word Styles for IRFS Programme Reports and Technical Papers- Structure- Title pages in model format as per other Programme Reports – to be supplied- Table of contents, to three levels, formal format – to be agreed- List of annexes if appropriate- Tables of tables, figures and pictures all formal format- Abbreviations and acronyms- Layman’s summary (one paragraph encapsulating key elements that can be used in magazine/web

i.e. not over technical)- Executive Summary (1 to 2 pages), in English, and French - Introduction- Main body of report divided into different sections as appropriate, normally Context, Methodology,

Performance in relation to TOR, and Discussion (up to 20 pages)- Conclusions and recommendations (each recommendation must be preceded by a conclusion, that

refers to a discussion in the main body of the report)- Annex 1 Terms of reference (if appropriate)- Annex 2 Schedule and people met (with contacts)- Annex 3 Aide Memoire (max. one page on execution of mission, findings, conclusions, and

recommendations in bullet points)- Any other annex(es) as appropriate- Format as per PMU indications.

ANNEx 1 TERmS OF REFERENCE

Agrotec

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Report to be reviewed by M Kroese, Key Expert for Result 3

Duration

Working days

Senior Consultant Sen

Exact allocation of days within activities is still being planned – the overall requirement is as follows:

(i) Travel to and from area of Ringnet fishery 10

(ii) Meetings, workshops in Tanzania 15

(iii) Final Report Writing 10

(iv)

Total 35

Total input days: 35 working days

Start date Approx: Start Mid- October 2013

Completion dates for Reports and fee payment schedule

Draft report

Comments from PCM Within 2 weeks after reception

Final report 2 working days after receipt of comments by IRFS/PCM

Final report basis for relevant payments

Experience and qualification

Senior Consultant (Sen)Essential Qualifications and skills: - Qualification in Fisheries - Strong exposure to developing economies

Desired Qualifications and skills: - University Education - Senior Work expertise - fluency in English working knowledge of local language

Essential Experience: - Experience in Fisheries management- Experience in implementing fisheries management systems in developing countries. - Experience in MCS and artisanal fisheries - Experience in work in ESA-IO countriesDesired Experience: - Experience working with EU projects an advantage- Experience in Artisanal fisheries - Ability to travel and work in ACP countries

Locations and travelTravel and work in region as required Travel from:

Requested: Project Team Leader: Dominique GrebovalDate:

Validated:Programme Manager, for IOC-RAO: Léon Martial Harijhonse RAZAKA

Date:

ANNEx 2 LIST OF PERSONS mETName Title Email Telephone

Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer juliusmairi@gmail.com +255713455908Mr Hoza Rashid Principal Fisheries Officer rbhoza@yahoo.com +255784274616Mr Charles Byarugaba Principal Fisheries Economist cbyarugaba@ymail.com +255766257927Ms Valeria E. Mushi Principal Fisheries Officer Mr James Jihulya Fisheries Officer Mr Baraka S.M. Mngulwi Assistant Director bmngulwi@yahoo.co.uk +255713483774Dr CharlesMahika Director of Aquaculture Ms Fatma Sobo Assistant Director fsoboster@gmail.com +255754285748Mr Abdy Hussen Fisheries Officer kalabdy@yahoo.com +255 75362101Mr Julius Kumila Fisheries Officer jkumila2000@yahoo.co.uk Mr Alawi Mustapha Fisheries Officer +255653849545Mr Magesa Nyambele Fisheries Officer +255787600030Mr Juma Msangi Fisheries Officer +255755690139Mr Hosea Gonza Mbilinyi Director of Fisheries hoseagonza@yahoo.com +255222860472Dr Yohana Budeba Deputy Permanent Secretary Dr Charles W. Nyamrunda Permanent Secretary nyamrunda@hotmail.com +255754371322Mr Ernest Bupamba Principal Fisheries Officer bupambaem@gmail.com +255756561271Ms Merisia Sebastian Principal Fisheries Officer Haji Machano Ali Deputy Programme Coordinator hmachano@wwftz.org Dr Gertjan de Graaf Consultant gertjan.degraaf@fao.org Mr Jason Rubens Consultant Dr Mary A. Kishe-Machumu Senior Research Scientist mkishe@yahoo.com +255784317539Mr Halimu D. Matola Research Officer matolakim@hahoo.com +255712016144Mr Mahatane Former Fisheries Officer Mr John Ndunguru M-Commerce corporate manager john.ndunguru@tz.airtel.com +255785670870Ms Minal Sanghvi M-Commerce product manager msanghvi@vodacom.co.tz +255754711210Ms Diana Tempelman FAO Representative diana.tempelman@fao.org Mr Fredrick M Kivaria Assistant FAO Representative fredrick.kivaria@fao.org +255767505040Mr Benoit Cambier Coordination Officer benoit.cambier@fao.org +255762929818Dr Tom Shipton WIOMSA Consultant ihts@imaginet.co.za Ms Theddy P. Chuwa District Fisheries Officer theddykimaro@yahoo.com +255713303427Mr EzraOngoro Katete District Fisheries Officer ezrakatete@yahoo.com +255786171747Mr Oga M. Daedi District Fisheries Officer +255784488126Ms Joyce Kazana District Fisheries Officer kazanaj@yahoo.com +255712837390Mr Chitambo D. Kauta District Fisheries Officer musasrant@yahoo.com +255784207768Mr Hassan Licholonjo District Fisheries Officer salimugoma@yahoo.com +255789801210Ms Sharifa S. Tomela District Fisheries Officer tomelasharifa@yahoo.com +255783437565Mr Msongo Songoro District Fisheries Officer smsongo@ymail.com +255712539738Mr Mbuji M. Mahanyu District Fisheries Officer +255655359614Ms Grace Kakama District Fisheries Officer kakama.grace@yahoo.com +255714684214Mr Ayoub Yassin Sabu District Fisheries Officer sabuayoub@yahoo.com +255719572502Mr A.J. Nyirenda District Fisheries Officer nyirejohn@yahoo.com +255717567007Mr Ramadhan M. Seleman District Fisheries Officer rseleman1973@yahoo.com +255685479281Mr Abubakar R. Mposo District Fisheries Officer abuu1957@yahoo.com +255754404611Mr Anthony L. Mbega District Fisheries Officer lmbega25@yahoo.com +255784403552Ms Asha Zenie District Fisheries Officer azewe85@yahoo.com +255717290990Mr Patrick Kimani Regional SmartFish Liaison Officer patrick.kimani@coi-ioc.org Ms Rahma Dachi Team Leader Public Sector rahma.dachi@tz.airtel.com +255785670085Eng Edysson Chalamila Principal Licensing Officer chalamila2001@yahoo.com +255785997862

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October Place Activity Person Title

23Amsterdam-Dar es

SalaamTravel

24 Fisheries Department Deliberations Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

Mr Hoza Rashid Principal Fisheries Officer

Mr Charles ByarugabaPrincipal Fisheries

Economist Ms Valeria E. Mushi Principal Fisheries Officer

Mr James Jihulya Fisheries Officer

25 Fisheries Department Deliberations Mr Baraka S.M. Mngulwi Assistant Director

Dr Mahika Director of Aquaculture

Ms Fatma Sobo Assistant Director

Mr Abdy Hussen Fisheries Officer

Mr Julius Kumila Fisheries Officer

Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

26 Weekend xxx

27 Weekend xxx

28 Fisheries DepartmentPreparation Survey

FormMr Alawi Mustapha Fisheries Officer

Deliberations Mr Magesa Nyambele Fisheries Officer

Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

29 Samaki Ferry Visit Fish Market Mr Msongo SongoroDistrict Fisheries Officer

Acting Mr Juma Msangi Fisheries Officer

Fisheries Department Deliberations Mr Baraka S.M. Mngulwi Assistant Director

Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

Ms Valeria E. Mushi Principal Fisheries Officer

30 Hotel Literature xxx

31 Fisheries Department Deliberations Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

Mr Baraka S.M. Mngulwi Assistant Director

Mr Hosea Gonza Mbilinyi Director of Fisheries

November

1 Fisheries Department Deliberations Dr Yohana BudebaDeputy Permanent

Secretary Dr Charles W. Nyamrunda Permanent Secretary

Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

Mr Ernest Bupamba Principal Fisheries Officer

Mr Hosea Gonza Mbilinyi Director of Fisheries

2 Weekend

3 Weekend

ANNEx 3 LIST OF ACTIVITIES

4 Fisheries Department Deliberations Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

Ms Merisia Sebastian Principal Fisheries Officer

5 WWF Deliberations Haji Machano AliDeputy Programme

Coordinator Hotel Dr Gertjan de Graaf Consultant

Hotel Discussions Mr Jason Rubens Consultant

6 Fisheries Department Deliberations Mr Julius Mairi Principal Fisheries Officer

Mr Baraka S.M. Mngulwi Assistant Director

Mr Charles ByarugabaPrincipal Fisheries

Economist7 Hotel Literature

8 TAFIRI Kunduchi Discussions Dr Baraka Kuguru Senior Research Officer

Dr Mary A. Kishe-Machumu Senior Research Scientist

Mr Halimu D. Matola Research Officer

9 Weekend

10 Weekend

11 Fisheries Department Discussions Ms Fatma Sobo

Mr Julius Mairi

Mr Mahatane Former Fisheries Officer

12 Fisheries Department Reporting Ms Fatma Sobo

Mr Julius Mairi

Mr Julius Kumila

Dr Gertjan de Graaf

13 AIRTEL Discussions Mr John NdunguruM-Commerce corporate

manager

VODACOM Discussions Ms Minal SanghviM-Commerce product

manager FAO Discussions Ms Diana Tempelman FAO Representative

Discussions Mr Fredrick M KivariaAssistant FAO

Representative Discussions Mr Benoit Cambier Coordination Officer

14 Fisheries Department Data analysis Mr Julius Mairi

Ms Fatma Sobo

Ms Theddy P. Chuwa District Fisheries Officer

15 Fisheries Department Data analysis Mr Julius Mairi

Ms Fatma Sobo

16 Weekend

17 Weekend

18 Fisheries Department Data analysis Mr Julius Mairi

19 Fisheries Department Data analysis

Travel to Bagamoyo Travel

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20 Bagamoyo Workshop Ms Fatma Sobo

Mr Julius Mairi

Ms Merisia Sebastian

Mr Julius Kumila

Dr Tom Shipton WIOMSA Consultant

Ms Theddy P. Chuwa DFO

Mr EzraOngoro Katete DFO

Mr Oga M. Daedi DFO

Ms Joyce Kazana DFO

Mr Chitambo D. Kauta DFO

Mr Hassan Licholonjo DFO

Ms Sharifa S. Tomela DFO

Mr Msongo Songoro DFO

Mr Mbuji M. Mahanyu DFO

Ms Grace Kakama DFO

Mr Ayoub Yassin Sabu DFO

Mr A.J. Nyirenda DFO

Mr Ramadhan M. Seleman DFO

Mr Abubakar R. Mposo DFO

Mr Anthony L. Mbega DFO

Ms Asha Zenie DFO

21 Bagamoyo Workshop Mr John Ndunguru DFO

Ms Rahma Dachi Team Leader Public Sector

Travel to Dar es Salaam Travel

22 SUMATRA Discussions Mr Ernest Bupamba

Eng Edysson ChalamilaPrincipal Licensing,

Registration Officer Fisheries Department Debriefing Mr Julius Mairi

Ms Fatma Sobo

Ms Merisia Sebastian

Mr Ernest Bupamba

23 Weekend

24 Travel to Amsterdam Travel

25 Arrival Amsterdam Travel

ANNEx 4DATA FORm FOR mINI FRAmE SURVEy 2013

PELAGIC FISHERIES SURVEy 2013

DISTRICT NAME

Number of Fisheries Staff

Number of Landing Sites

Number of BMUs

Number of Registered BMUs

VESSELS

<11 METERS >11 METERS

Total Number of Vessels

Number of Registered Fishing Vessels

Number of Registered Fish Transport Vessels

Number of Dug-out canoes

Number of Ngalawas

Number of Dhows

Number of Boats

PELAGIC FISHING VESSELS

<11 METERS >11 METERS

Total Number of Registered Pelagic Fishing Vessels

Total number of Dug-out canoes

Ngalawa

Dhow

Boat

FISHING GEARS FOR PELAGICS

Number of Purse Seines/Ringnets

Number of Gillnets

Other (specify)

Other (specify)

FISHERMEN

Total Number of Fishermen

Number of Licenced Fishermen for Pelagic Fish

Number of Licenced Fishermen for Other Fish

REVENUES

Revenues from Fishermen Licences in 2013

Revenues from Boat Licences in 2013

Name District Fisheries Officer

Telephone

Email

Date of filling form

Signature

38 39

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS – LISTE DES PUBLICATIONS

1. Report of the Inception / Focal Point Meeting of the SmartFish Programme – Flic en Flac, Mauritius,15th-16th June 2011. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/01. August/Août 2011. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (55 pages)

2. Report of the First Steering Committee Meeting of the SmartFish Programme – Flic en Flac,Mauritius,17th June 2011. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/02. August/Août 2011. SmartFish Programme Indian Ocean Commission. (51 pages)

3. Rapport de la réunion de présentation du programme SmartFish aux points focaux – Flic en Flac,Ile Maurice, 15-16 juin 2011. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/03. August/Août 2011. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (55 pages)

4. Eco-Certification for the Tuna Industry, Technical Assistance for Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy for ESA-IO (IRFS). REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/04. May 2011. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (40 pages)

5. Regional Market Assessment (Supply and Demand). REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/05. March/Mars 2012. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (264 pages)

6. Trade Assessment Study. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/06. March/Mars 2012. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (120 pages)

7. Gouvernance des Pêches Maritimes dans l’Ouest de l’Océan Indien. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/07. June/Juin 2012. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (101 pages)

8. Value Chain Assessment of the Artisanal Fisheries – Mauritius. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/08.June/Juin 2012. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (85 pages)

9. Kenya Fisheries Governance. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/09. June/Juin 2012. SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (36 pages)

10. Training Needs Analysis – Quality and Hygiene: REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/10. June/Juin 2012.SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (95 pages)

11. A Review of Somalia’s & (Semi-Autonomous Regions) Fisheries Legislation and Management.REPORT RAPPORT: SF/2012/11. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (49 pages)

12. Assessment of IUU Activities On Lake Victoria. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/12. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (130 pages)

13. Review Of The Legal Framework for the ESA-IO Region. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/13. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (149 pages)

14. Comprehensive capacity review to implement effective MCS in the ESA-IO Region. REPORT/ RAPPORT: SF/2012/14. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (101 pages)

15. Assessment of IUU Fishing in Lake Tanganyika. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/15. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (58 pages)

16. Spirulina – A Livelihood and a Business Venture. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/16. SmartFish Programme. June/Juin 2012 Indian Ocean Commission. (45 pages)

17. Diversification Study (Eco-Tourism and Recreational Fisheries). REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/17.June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (71 pages)

18. Value Chain Analysis of Fisheries Sector for Rodrigues. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/18. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (85 pages)

19. Dagaa Value Chain Analysis and Proposal for Trade Development. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/19.June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (51 pages)

20. Operationalization of Fish Auction Market. (Feasibility Study). REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/20. December/Décembre 2011 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (53 pages)

21. Options to Reduce IUU Fishing in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zanzibar: REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/21. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (99 pages)

22. Revitalization of Fisheries Research in Mauritius. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/22. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (63 pages)

23. Preparation of Draft Kenya Fisheries Management and Development Bill: REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/23. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (198 pages)

24. Une Analyse Globale de la Chaîne D’approvisionnement de la Pêcherie du Crabe de Mangrove (Scylla serrate) à Madagasar. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/24. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (81 pages)

25. Analyse Globale de la Gouvernance et de la chaîne D’approvisionnement de la Pêcherie du concombre de mer à Madagasar. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/25. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (98 pages)

26. Processing and Marketing of Small-Sized Pelagics in Eastern and Southern Africa. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/26. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (42 pages)

27. Report of the Second Steering Committee Meeting of the SmartFish Programme. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/27. August/Août 2012. SmartFish Programme Indian Ocean

40 41

41. Auto-évaluation des pêches comoriennes par les pêcheurs. REPORT/RAPPORT : SF/2013/41. April/Avril 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (78 pages)

42. Report of the third steering commitee. REPORT/RAPPORT : SF/2013/42. April/Avril 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (23 pages)

43. Third national focal point meeting. REPORT/RAPPORT : SF/2013/43. April/Avril 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (25 pages)

44. Inventaire et évaluation des capacités des organisations des organisations professionnelles de pêcheurs des pays de la COI. REPORT/RAPPORT : SF/2013/44. April/Avril 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (77 pages)

Commission. (29 pages)

28. The Farming of Seaweeds. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/28. August/Août 2012. SmartFish Programme Indian Ocean Commission. (29 pages)

29. Culture d’Algues Marines. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/29. August/Août 2012. SmartFish Programme Indian Ocean Commission. (29 pages)

30. Report of the Focal Point Meeting of the SmartFish Programme – Livingstone, Zambia, 28th – 29th February 2012. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2011/30. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (27 pages)

31. Appui à l’Elaboration d’une Strategie Nationale de Bonne Gouvernance des Peches Maritimes àMadagascar. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/31. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (185 pages)

32. A Review of Bycatch and Discard Issues in Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/32. 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (65 pages)

33. The Feasibility of Aquaponics in Mauritius. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/33. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (63 pages)

34. National Governance and Value Chain Analysis of Shark Fisheries in Madagascar. REPORT/ RAPPORT: SF/2013/34. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (71 pages)

35. Partners Meeting on Fisheries Strategy for the Esa-Io Region. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2012/35.July/Julliet 2013 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (93 pages)

36. Potential for Energy Saving Measures in the Tuna Industry in the Southern Eastern Indian OceanRegion. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/36. August/Août 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (28 pages)

37. Gestion des Ressources en Eau pour l’Industrie du Thon. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/37. Octobre/ October 2011 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (95 pages)

38. Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy ESA-IO. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/38. June/ Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (146 pages)

39. Initial assessment of laboratories and quality control authorities in Eastern and Southern Africa.REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/39. 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (82 pages)

40. Inland small-pelagic fisheries utilization options, marketing and opportunities for support. REPORT/RAPPORT: SF/2013/40. June/Juin 2012 SmartFish Programme. Indian Ocean Commission. (98 pages)

Blue Tower, 5th floor, Rue de l’InstitutEbene, Mauritius

Tel: (+230) 402 61 00Fax: (+230) 466 01 60

www.coi-ioc.orgwww.smartfish-coi.org

SmartFish is a regional fisheries programme managed by the Indian Ocean Commission, funded by the European Union and co-implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. SmartFish, which operates in twenty countries throughout the Indian Ocean Region, Southern and Eastern Africa, focuses on fisheries governance, management, monitor-ing control and surveillance, trade, and food security.