smart practices. sustainable solutions. · 2014-01-14 · •provisions about landscape irrigation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Smart Practices.
Sustainable Solutions.
“Green”
Irrigation Systems
Brent Mecham
Irrigation Association
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Green Irrigation
• Designing, building and managing an
irrigation system in a more sustainable
way.
• Consider the three pillars of sustainability
– Environmental
– Social
– Economic
• If an irrigation system is installed………
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Underpinnings
• The soil has been properly prepared for the
landscape plantings
– Tillage depth
– Soil amendments or conditioners
• i.e. compost
• Plant selection and turf areas are appropriate
– Climate
– Purpose of the landscape
– Water availability
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Water Sources
– Potable
– Fresh water—wells, surface water
– Municipally reclaimed water
– Harvested water • Rain water (collected from roofs/structures)
• Stormwater (collected from ground surface)
– Alternate water sources (recycled) • Gray water
• Air conditioning condensate/cooling tower water
• Process water
• Foundation water
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Water Sources
What is the best source of water?
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Evaluation criteria
• Quantity needed vs. quantity available
• Water quality plant usability, public
safety
• Reliability of the water source
• Embedded energy
– Pumping costs
– Treatment
• Storage of harvested water
– Size, materials, installation and maintenance
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Matrix
Sources
of water
Quantity Quality Reliability Embedded
Energy
Storage Carbon
Footprint
(initially)
Carbon
Footprint
(long term)
Potable
Well
Surface
Municipally
reclaimed
On-site
reclaimed
Rainwater
Stormwater
Gray water
A/C, Cooling
Tower
Process water
Foundation
water
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Water Sources
• Choose the most sustainable source(s)
– Environmental aspect • Functional benefits of the managed landscape
• Energy requirements embedded in the water
• Carbon footprint to develop the water source
• Downstream impacts
– Social aspect • Purpose and benefits of using water resources
– Economic aspect • Initial cost vs. cost of long-term ownership
• Alternate water sources provide more jobs
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Design
• Product selection
– How is the product made?
• ISO 9001 Quality Management System
• ISO 14000 Environmental Management
• Fewest sprinklers
– Uniform application (especially for turfgrass)
– keep water on target (reduce/eliminate runoff)
– maximize equipment performance
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Product selection
• Best Practice for piping
– Product choices
• PVC
• PE
• HDPE
– Pipe routing
– Pipe sizing
• Control flow (velocity) smaller pipe for smaller flow
• Control pressure
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COMPARISON
HDPE Pipe
PVC Pipe
Chlorine-free
No dioxin produced in manufacture
High abrasion and chemical
resistance
Less susceptible to surge shocks
Seamless joint connections
Flexible
Easily recycled
Fusion welding (electrical energy)
Relatively new to irrigation industry
Higher skill, expensive equipment
Contains chlorine
Dioxin produced in manufacture
Moderate abrasion and chemical
resistance
More susceptible to surge shocks
Joint seams can leak
Rigid
Limited recyclability
Solvent welding (chemical bonding)
Common in irrigation
Lower skill set, minimal equipment
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Product selection
– Environmental aspect
• How is the product made
• Installation procedures
– Social aspect
• Worker safety
• Worker skill set
– Economic aspect
• Cost of the project
• Wages paid
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Installation
• Logistics
– Get all of the right parts ordered
– Minimize delivery trips
– Follow the plan for installation
– Eliminate trips to distributor
– Use local sources when possible
– Minimize waste
– Recycle if possible
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Installation
• Equipment
– Right equipment to do the job
– Power equipment is running optimally
– Avoid excessive idling
• Reduce the carbon footprint of installation
– Number of trips to install project
– Reduce call backs
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Installation
• Skilled workers
– Trained in proper techniques
– Understand their role in managing water
resources
– Workers use PPE
– Workers are paid fair wage
• Proper installation increases useful life of
system and conserves water
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Management
• Type of control system – Traditional
– Use of sensor technology • Weather Sensors
• Soil Moisture Sensors
• Flow Sensors
– Communication technology
• The new generation of ―smart‖ controllers facilitates active water management
What is the carbon footprint of management?
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Management
• Irrigation is supplemental water application
– Water when needed, not when scheduled
• Maximize the benefit of rainfall
• Understand plant water requirements
– Function and purpose of the landscape
– Required appearance
• Measure water usage
– Essential for water management
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• Owner: National Park Service
• Designer: Irrigation Consulting
• Installer: Valley Crest Landscapes
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Green Irrigation
• Designing, building and managing an
irrigation system in a more sustainable way.
• Consider the three pillars of sustainability
– Environmental
• What are the impacts and benefits?
– Social
• What are the social implications?
– Economic
• What are the economic considerations?
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Standards & Codes
• Standards
– Are documents that describe a method or
process to do something that are complied with
voluntarily.
• Codes
– Describe a method or procedure to follow and
are mandatory.
• Plumbing code, electrical code, building codes, etc.
• Codes often reference standards as part of
the code.
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Standards
• Standards about landscape irrigation
– ASABE/ICC Landscape Sprinkler and Emitter
– ASABE X623 Determining Landscape Plant
Water Requirements
– ASABE X626 Uniformity Test for Landscape
Irrigation Systems
– ASABE X627 Environmentally Responsive
Landscape Irrigation Control Systems
– ASABE X633 Testing Soil Moisture Sensors
for Landscape Irrigation
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Standards
• ASPE/ARCSA Rainwater Harvesting
Systems
• ASPE/ARCSA Stormwater Harvesting
Systems
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Codes
• Plumbing Code
– Universal Plumbing Code (IAPMO)
– International Plumbing Code (ICC)
– National Standard Plumbing Code (PHCC)
• Electrical Code
– National Fire Prevention Association #70
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Green Codes
• Model codes that have additional
requirements beyond the basic codes
striving for more efficient use of materials
and resources.
• Codes are modified to meet the needs of
the jurisdiction having authority.
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Codes
• International Green Construction Code
(ICC)
• Green Plumbing and Mechanical Code
Supplement (IAPMO)
• CalGreen
• National Green Building Standard (NHBA)
• Executive Orders
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Commonalities
• Provisions about landscape irrigation
– Design and installation
– Control systems
– Sprinkler products and performance
• Provisions about water resources for
irrigation
– Rainwater harvesting
– Graywater reuse
– Alternate water sources
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Green Initiatives
• LEED
– Version 2009
– Version 4
• Green Building Initiative
• Sustainable Sites
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Questions,
Comments,
Observations