S.M.A.R.T.(SALIENT METHOD for AUTOMATED REMOTE TECHNOLOGY)

JARRETT GARDNERPADMAVALLI VADALIPOOJA SHAHABHISHEK GAUR

The Plan – Home Automation

Lighting control Music Playback S.M.A.R.T. Remote Power management Predict the user’s needs Multi-hop wireless signal

Why S.M.A.R.T. Control music and home appliances from one easily

useable device Excessive amount of time creating individual playlists Let something else do your thinking for you Know your actual power usage for each appliance Be able to find your lost remote Competitors

Eaton – can only read the status of a device X10 & Insteon – extensive product line without

behavioral recording or suggestive use

Light Module – Hardware (PCB)

Light Module - Hardware Processor:

Atmega8 Board

Custom Board Architecture

8 bit micro Von Neumann Arch. 16 MIPS @ 16 MHz

8 KB Prog. Flash 1 KB SRAM

3 Timers 2 8 bit 1 16 bit

10bit ADC 8 channels

USART,TWI,SPI 23 I/O Lines Vin: 2.7-5.5 Volts

Light Module – Hardware (digital)

Digital Power:

¼ Watts Input Voltage: 10-36Vdc DC-DC efficiency: 82%

Clock Rates Xtal: 8 MHz A/D clock: 10 kHz

166 samples per 60Hz cycle

Light Module – Hardware (mains)

“Mains” Power Vin: 120 V @ 60Hz Max Current: 6 amps Fuse: 4 amps

Load Light Bulb: 40W-300W Load State: On/Off

100-0% Power in 10% increments

Light Module – Hardware (Mains)

Light Module – Hardware (Digital)

Light Module BoMQuantity Value Description Price Ext. Price

6 1UF CAP CER 1UF 50V X7R 10% 1206 $0.41 $2.46

1 100UF CAP TANTALUM 100UF 10V 10% SMD $1.25 $1.25

2 Mains TERM BLOCK PCB 2POS 5.0MM GREEN $0.36 $0.72

1 100uH CHOKE RF HI CURR 100UH 10% RAD $6.75 $6.75

1 800V TRIAC 16A 800V TO220AB $1.85 $1.85

2 160K RES 162K OHM 1W 1% 2512 SMD $0.39 $0.78

1 LTS6NP TRANSDUCER CURRENT CLOSE LOOP 6A $20.20 $20.20

2 Connector2x3 CONN HDR BRKWAY .100 06POS VERT $1.50 $3.00

1 ATMEGA8-Quad IC AVR MCU 8K 16MHZ 5V 32TQFP $3.55 $3.55

1 MAX232 IC DUAL EIA-232 DRVR/RCVR 16SOIC $0.75 $0.75

1 DB-9 CONN DSUB RCPT 9POS R/A PCB SLD $2.55 $2.55

1 PTK10 CONVERTER DC/DC 5V OUT 10 WATT $37.78 $37.78

1 PowerJack CONN POWER JACK 2.5MM PCB CIRC $0.38 $0.38

1 RS232 IC TXRX RS-232 3-5.5V 16-SOIC $1.48 $1.48

1 TMP35-37 IC SENSOR TEMP 2.7/5.5 8SOIC $1.35 $1.35

1 PCB Light Module PC Board $66.00

$150.85

Light Module - Software Timers

Timer0 (8bit) Clock:31.3kHz Controls triac “on” time ~96 micro seconds

Timer2 (8bit) Clock: 7.8kHz Delays triac fire from zero crossing ~0-8msec delay

Temperature 8 bit reading ever 6 seconds Convert 10bit hex Celsius reading to ASCII Farenheit

Power Sample current sensor 10k sps Calculate power and the average power over 15 minutes Detect zero crossing of mains uC must be able to process current every 100us

Lighting control via remote Dimmer (100%-0% in increments of 10%) On/Off

UART TX via uart buffer

dynamic buffer Interrupt driven

RX Data packet

0x01 start of packet 0x02 end of packet Remote requests current temperature via

0x01 0x03 0x2D 0x02 Packet start|Module ID|Command|Packet End

Light Module – Software

0x28 command start

0x29 command read

0x2A request average power

0x2B request average temperature

0x2C request immediate power

0x2D request immediate temperature

0x2E request current light percentage

0x2F set light percentage

0x30 request current zero

Light Module – Software (Flow)Power On

Setup: Stack

VariablesTriacUart

UartStackADC

Calibrate zero crossing

Start current measurements

Tasks(interrupt driven)

ADC UART Timers

Light Module – Soft. (Flow-ADC)ADC

Current reading?

Store Current Store temperatureyes no

Start current reading

RET

Counter overflow?

Start current read

Start temperature read

yes

no

Calc abs value of current in

reference to calibrated zero

Light Module – Soft. (Flow-ADC-2)Calculated value within

zero crossing margin

Accumulate power

no

RET

Is the triac timer running?

yes

yes

Increment zero counter

no Start triac timer

Zero counter 1?

Calculate power and store

yes

no

Accumulate average power

Accumulate average power

counter 0?no

Calculate average power and store

yes

Light Module – Soft. (Flow-Uart)TX_init

Set stack length

Set TX counter

Reset txWrite stack address

Write to TX stack

RETURN

Load txWrite address

Write byte to stack

Ctear txBusy

Tx_int

Reset txRead stack address

Set txBusy

Counter>0

Load counter

Load txRead address

Dec counter

Clear txBusy

Store counter

Load counter

Inc counter

Save counter

Counter == stack length?

no

Light Module – Soft. (Flow-Uart)

Inc address

Check for address overflow

Save address

RETURN

txBusy?

yes

jmp to tx_int

Read and Inc address

Store read address

transmit

RETURN

Light Module – Soft. (Flow-Timer)Timer2

(Started by zero crossing)

Load Wait State(controls triac

delay) to output compare

Start timer

RET

Output Compare Interrupt

Turn off timer2

Fire triac

Load Triac Pulse Length to timer

RET

Start Timer0

Timer0 OVF Interrupt

Turn off timer0

Turn off triac

RET

Light Module – Testing 1A Starting from PCB

Check short between Vcc and ground Solder uC and attempt to program Solder DC-DC and test voltages Solder max232 and DB-9 and test uart

Solder Mains Components Test for short between hot and neutral Test for short between hot and load Test for connections between mains and digital

side

Light Module – Testing 1B

Test Traic ON/OFF Initially fails to turn short hot and load

line Reconfigured with triac driver

Light Module – Testing 2

Test timer lengths in simulator and actual via oscilloscope

Light Module – Testing 3 Every Zero

Detection True Zero

Detection Triac fires at wrong time

Light Module – Testing 4

Light Module – Testing 5 Triac doesn’t

always turn off at zero crossing

Corrected code for TRIAC fire

Removed filtering on triac input Result: now triac

doesn’t always turn on

Remote – Hardware (PCB)

Remote - Hardware Processor:

Atmega128 Board

Custom Board Architecture

8 bit micro Von Neumann Arch. 16 MIPS at 16 Mhz

128K prog. Flash 4 Kbytes SRAM 64K Bytes External

Memory JTAG, SPI, TWI

Architecture Cont. 4 Timers 8 channel 10 bit ADC Dual Usarts 53 I/O ports Vin 2.7-5.5 Volts

Remote – Hardware Digital

Power: Full Power: 1.6 Watts LCD Off: ¼

Watt Input Voltage: 6-18V Controllable regulator

to turn LCD ON/OFF Clock Rates

Xtal: 8 MHz A/D clock: 62.5 kHz

Memory Internal 4KB External 128KB

User Control 1 slider 6 capacitive buttons 1 proximity sensor 4 tactile buttons

LCD 20 chars x 4 lines Backlight

Temperature 10mV/degrees C -55 to 150C

Remote – Hardware (Battery)

Remote – Hardware (Main)

Remote – Hardware (Touch)

Remote – Hardware (Buttons)

Remote – Hardware (LCD)

Remote – Hardware (NVRAM)

Remote BoMQuantity Value Description Price Ext. Price

1 10K TRIMPOT 10K OHM 3MM CERMET SMD $0.26 $0.26

4 doublethrow SWITCH TACT 6MM MOM SMT 150GF $0.55 $2.20

2 74HC245 IC OCT BUS XCVR TRI-ST 20-SSOP $0.60 $1.20

1 CD74ACT573M96 IC OCT TRANSP LATCH 3ST 20-SOIC $0.73 $0.73

1 MAX232 IC DUAL EIA-232 DRVR/RCVR 16SOIC $0.75 $0.75

2 Header2 CONN HEADR BRKWAY .100 02POS STR $0.84 $1.68

2 5V IC REG LDO 5.0V SOT-89-3 $0.92 $1.84

1 TMP35-37 IC SENSOR TEMP 2.7/5.5 8SOIC $1.35 $1.35

2 100uF CAPACITOR TANT 100UF 6.3V 20%SMD $1.40 $2.80

1 RS232 IC TXRX RS-232 3-5.5V 16-SOIC $1.48 $1.48

2 Connector2x3 CONN HDR BRKWAY .100 06POS VERT $1.50 $3.00

1 9V 1294K-ND $1.87 $1.87

1 5V IC REG LDO 300MA 5.0V 8-MSOP $2.08 $2.08

2 DB-9 CONN DSUB RCPT 9POS R/A PCB SLD $2.55 $5.10

1 Slider QT1106 WHEEL/SLIDER CHIP W/7KEYS $6.03 $6.03

1 128kx8 IC NONVOLATILE SRAM 128KX8 32DIP $13.29 $13.29

1 ATMEGA128 IC AVR MCU 128K 8MHZ 3V 64TQFP $15.05 $15.05

1 4x20 LCD MOD CHAR 4X20 Y/G TRANSFL $17.50 $17.50

1 PCB Remote PC Board $66.00 $66.00

$144.21

Remote - Software Xtal: 8 MHz

Timers Timer1 (8bit)

Clock:7.8kHz Reserved for Testing

Timer2 (8bit) Clock: 31 kHz Provides 40usec to 1.5 msec delay for writing to LCD

Timer3 (8bit) Clock: 7.8kHz Provides .5 second delay on screen refresh and processing of menu commands

ADC Clock: 62.5 kHz Temperature and Power: 1,250 sps

Temperature: converted to Fahrenheit (hex) converted to ascii in menu creation

Power: converted to Volts (hex) converted to ascii in menu creation

UART Raven TX via uart buffer

dynamic buffer Interrupt driven

RX Process Commands on full reception of packet Transmission Error:

Next command lost Restarts at end of next packet (0x02 – packet end)

Uart Debug TX and RX by polling Used for Testing purpose only

Remote – Software

Remote – Software (Function List)

0x40 command start 0x4E RESERVED

0x41 command read 0x4F RESERVED

0x42 RX_available_slaves 0x50 OpenWinamp

0x43 RX_temperature 0x51 CloseWinamp

0x44 rx_check_new_song 0x52 Play

0x45 rx_add_song 0x53 Pause

0x46 rx average power 0x54 Stop

0x47 rx average temperature 0x55 NextTrack

0x48 rx current power 0x56 PrevTrack

0x49 rx current temperature 0x57 Volume

0x4A rx current light state 0x58 GetSongPos

0x4B RESERVED 0x59 LoadSongPos

0x4C RESERVED 0x5A Song

0x4D RESERVED 0x5B BeepRemote

Remote – Software (States)Start

Turn LCD Off

Setup:Stack

VariablesPins

Uart RavenUart Debug

Uart Raven TX BufferUart Raven Command RX

Pin interruptsSplash screen

MenuLCD

Task Loop

Alternate Reading Temperature and

Power

Run Menu Function

Timer off?

no

Refresh LCD Screen

yesTasks

Turn on Global Interrupts

Process Menu Commands

(from pin interrupts)

Start Timer3

Remote – Soft. (Interrupts)

Interrupts

Button1 Button2 Button3 Button4 Timer2 Compare Timer1 OVF Uart Raven RX Uart Raven TX ADC Timer3 OVF

Quick Press:Menu Scroll Left

Long Press:Menu SubMenu

Up

Quick Press:Menu Scroll Right

Long Press:Menu SubMenu

Down

Quick Press:Fast Forward (SubMenu)

Long Press:Select

(SubMenu)

Quick Press:Rewind

(SubMenu)

Long Press:Deselect

(SubMenu)

RETI

TX Menu Display to LCD

Reserved for Testing

RX Command from Raven

Process Command

Transmit Date from Buffer

Temperature:Convert to

Fahrenheit and store

Power:Convert to Voltage

and Store

Stop Timer(Menu Refreshes if timer stopped)

Remote – Testing 1 Starting from PCB

Check short between Vcc and ground Test after soldering every main component

Solder uC and attempt to program Solder DC-DC and test voltages Solder max232 and DB-9 and test uart

Solder LCD & Voltage Regulator Initially blow first pin controlling LCD power

Switched to alternative pin Check pin connectivity Make cursor blink Write commands via uart

Remote – Testing 2 Solder NVRAM

Check pin connectivity Write and read value at random address Write and read external RAM via UART

Solder QPROX Check pin connectivity Observe Change line while touching

buttons QPROX fails – incorrect pin layout

Remote – Testing 3

Solder Tactile Buttons Short between Vcc and ground, changed

orientation Tested interrupts on button lines

No bouncing problems

Remote – Testing 4 Software Tests:

UART LCD NVRAM QPROX Buttons Coding LCD LCD Menus Building dynamic

content for LCD

Commands RX Commands TX Temperature

Readings Power Readings Song information

transfer from computer to remote

Clearing music from memory

Refreshing music

Computer Interface - Hardware Processor:

ATMEL86RF230 ATMEGA3290PV ATMEGA1284PV

Board: AVR Raven

Other Components: Computer

Costs: Raven Board $50

Computer Interface - Software

Python Packages:

time, threading, serial, string, sys, binascii, os, subprocess,winamp,mutagen

RS232 Polling Python code executes on complete packet

Song information gathered by mutagen Play, pause, stop, next track, previous track, create &

delete playlists and change volume via winamp package

Activate/disable locator beeper on remote

Computer Software - FlowStart

Find files music folder

Calculate CRC of Title

Get Each Songs Info:Title

AlbumArtistGenre

Sample ratelength

Wait

Wait

RX Packet?

Read Command

Process Command

Wait

no

yes

Command Refresh Music

Get Song Info

Counter>song array lenth?

TX CRC

Response New song?

Increment counter

Transmit Song

no

End

Computer Software – Function List0x10 OpenWinamp

0x11 CloseWinamp

0x12 Play

0x13 Pause

0x14 Stop

0x15 NextTrack

0x16 PrevTrack

0x17 Volume

0x18 GetSongPos

0x19 LoadSongPos

0x1A GetMusic

0x1B RX_music

0x1C Song

0x1D RESERVED

0x1E RESERVED

0x1F BeepRemote

0x20 func_new_song

0x21 func_old_song

Computer - Testing

Tested collecting of song information Connected two serial ports of the

computer together via null modem Tested transmission of new songs Tested transmission of a title’s crc Tested all commands on function list

Wireless AT86RF230 Transceiver: 2.4 GHz Radio

Transceiver for IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee Applications

Features: Ultra Low Power Consumption Current :20nA (sleep) 15.5mA/ 16.5mA (RX/TX) Voltage : 1.8V to 3.6V Easy to use Interface Low data rate (250kbps at 2.4GHz)

Special IEEE 802.15.4-2003 Hardware Support

FCS (Frame check sequence) Computation Clear Channel Assesment methods: Energy above threshold. Carrier sense ( Signal with modulation and

Spreading characteristics). Carrier sense with energy above threshold Automatic CSMA-CA (carrier-sense multiple-

access/collision-avoidance) Automatic Address Filtering

Pin Out Diagram

Microcontroller Interface

PB5

PB6

Pin22

Pin 20

Microcontroller Interface cont..

Comprises of a Slave SPI (serial port interface) used for Frame Buffer and Register Access.

And other Control Signals.

Signal Description of Microcontoller Interface cont… SEL SPI select signal, active low MOSI SPI data (master output slave input) signal MISO SPI data (master input slave output) signal SCLK SPI clock signal MAX : 7.5MHz CLKM AT86RF230 clock output MAX : 8MHZ IRQ AT86RF230 interrupt request signal SLP_TR - Sleep/Wakeup - TX start - Controls CLKM output -RST AT86RF230 reset signal, active low

TRX_OFF ---Sleep SLEEP ------Wakeup RX_ON----- Disable CLKM RX_ON_NOCLK --- Enables CLKM RX_ON_NOCLK ---Enables CLKM RX_AACK_ON_NOCLK--- Enables CLKM RX_AACK_ON ---- enables CLKM PLL_ON -------TX start TX_ARET_ON--- TX start

Sleep/Wake-up and Transmit Signal (SLP_TR)

Operating ModesBasic Operating Modes:

Basic Operating Modes

State transition timing P_ON - Power-on after VDD SLEEP – Sleep State TRX_OFF – Clock State PLL_ON – PLL State RX_ON and BUSY_RX – RX Listen and Receive State RX_ON_NOCLK – RX Listen State without CLKM BUSY_TX – Transmit State

Interrupt Handling

TX flow diagram

Flow diagram of ARET

Current Product Lighting control

Controls power to load in 10% increments Music Playback

Capable of simple winamp control Loading of music still in development

S.M.A.R.T. Remote LCD functional Menu functional S.M.A.R.T. functionality still in development Command structure functional Capacitive touchpad failed (incorrect pin layout)

Backup tactile buttons Multi-hop wireless signal

In development