Smart Water Grid for the Indus Basin

Dr Abubakr Muhammad

Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering, SBASSE

Director, Center for Water Informatics & Technology (WIT)

Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan

http://cyphynets.lums.edu.pk

Outline

• The scales of managing the world’s largest irrigation network

• The promise of smart infrastructures: Electronics coming to the aid of hydraulics.

• Some example of a smart water grid – Canal telemetry networks – Gate automation and irrigation delivery – Automated structural inspection systems – Sustainable consumption of renewable resources

• The need for data driven governance of water.

Cyber Physical Networks & Systems (CYPHYNETS) Lab

Est. 2008.

• 1+1 Faculty

• 3 PhD students

• 6 MS students

• 4 RA

• 1 Lab Engineer

• 2 Technicians

Areas

• Agricultural Automation & Robotics

• Water systems & Hydro-informatics

• Control engineering

Highlights (2010-2015)

• Smart Canal Grid in Bahawalnagar

• Collaborations with Govt, Industry, Institutes

• Scholarly output in diverse areas

• Outreach – conferences, workshops, trainings

http://cyphynets.lums.edu.pk/

River Basin Management: A complex system of systems

4

Water

Silt Salt

Managing the World’s Largest Irrigation Network

90,000 Km of watercourses

3 reservoirs, 23 barrages

45 canal commands

36 million acre irrigated area

Smarts: Can Electronics Rescue Hydraulics?

Embedded controller

Gate control

Demand driven delivery to farms

Flow Measurements

Wireless connectivity

A Networked Smart Water Grid Cyber Physical Systems / Internet of Things perspectives

• Physical elements: rivers, watercourses, barrages, weirs, gates, pumps

• Cyber elements : sensors, controllers, comm., services

Ref. Tariq, Nasir, Muhammad. ICCPS 2014 Nasir, Muhammad. IFAC WC 2011, IFAC WC 2014

IWG 2014 - LUMS

Excerpt from IWG Report

What type of problems can be solved?

• Increase of distribution efficiency

• Demand based delivery

• Control of nontechnical losses – Detection of Leak or unauthorized takeoff

– Detection of unauthorized dumps

• System health monitoring

• Flood/breach security

• Real-time scheduling and planning

• Improvement and enforcement of water rights

Canal Water Accounting (Current PMIU System)

Courtesy. Program Monitoring & Implementation Unit (PMIU), Punjab Irrigation Dept

Smart Water Metering: E. Sadqiya Hakra Br. Canal Command

LUMS-IWMI-Punjab Irrigation Dept. Collaboration (2012-14)

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

Project Site: 17 Distributaries in Bahawalnagar.

System Architecture (above). Field installations (below).

Year Long Monitoring in Hakra Br. Canal Command (2014)

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

Refs. Ahmad, Muhammad et al. IECON 2014, WSN4DC 2013

Modeling & Control of Irrigation Channels

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

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Abstraction

Refs. Nasir, Muhammad, et al. IFAC WC 2011, MSC 2012. ICCPS 2012, IFAC WC 2014

Aerial Mapping of Irrigation Canals for Silt Deposition

Guassian Processes (GP) based vol. estimation framework incorporating soil model, localization error and sensor noise.

Experiments Video. Octocopter flying over a channel (LUMS campus) collecting scans.

Examples of Siltation and bank deterioration in the Indus Basin.

Collaboration: RRLab, TU Kaiserslautern Funding: DAAD, LUMS

Motivation: Automation of annual canal cleaning operation in the world’s largest irrigation network.

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

Framework for Aerial Mapping of Silt Deposition

Guassian Processes (GP) based vol. estimation framework incorporating soil model, localization error and sensor noise.

Lab Model. Testing estimation limits

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

Incorporating Localization Errors: GP based vol. estimation framework incorporating soil model, localization error and sensor noise.

Ref. Anwar, Berns, Muhammad. IROS 2015

Autonomous Navigation, Localization, Mapping

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

System Architecture. Localization and navigation (online), Mapping (offline)

Optimal Control of Consumption Networks Ref. Manzoor, Aseev, Rovenskaya, Muhammad. IFAC 2014

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

Social Network System Identification. Optimality, planning and institutional structures

How to incorporate social coordination and environmental awareness in networked dynamics?

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

Need for Data Driven Models in Governance

Current governance directions • Participatory irrigation management

• Decision making at many levels. (IRSA, PIDA, WUA, FO…)

• Need decision support systems

• Water entitlements • Being defined/debated at trans-boundary,

national, provincial, regional, farm levels. • Need scientific evidence to support legal

claims, treaty/accord negotiation.

• Accountability • Forecast and analysis for future and past

scenarios. • Conflict resolution requires scientific backup. • Correctly interpret conflicting claims (e.g. on

glacial melt)

Participation

Accountability

Entitlements

Ref. Muhammad, Planning Commission, 2011.

Laboratory for Cyber Physical Networks & Systems Dept. of Electrical Engineering, LUMS

Classroom Innovations • Lecture Series: “Control Engineering for Water &

Agriculture”

• 10 lectures (50 min each content) delivered in

– Intro. to Feedback Control (EE361, LUMS 2015-16)

– Teaching the Teachers workshop (IEEE CSS 2015)

• Program Leaning Outcome : Environ. & Sustainability

https://cyphynets.lums.edu.pk -> Teaching –> EE361-Recitations

Conclusions • River basins, when equipped with smart infrastructures,

are complex cyber-physical-social systems with a unique set of CPS problems and IoT inspired solutions.

• Water problems can inspire a range of ICT inspired systems engineering, informatics and systems analysis solutions.

• Managing irrigation networks in the Indus inspires interesting problems with an important and unique socio-economic context for Pakistan.

• Scalable hydrometry is the key to making complex decision support systems. There is both a need and a market for it.

References • Hamza Anwar, Abubakr Muhammad, Karsten Berns, “A Theoretical Framework for Aerial Inspection of Siltation in

Waterways.” IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Hamburg, Germany. 2015. Preprint

• Talha Manzoor, Abubakr Muhammad, "An Extension of the Kalman Filter for a Class of Measurement Models Inspired by Wide-Baseline Stereo." European Control Conference (ECC), Linz, Austria, July 2015. Preprint

• N.M. Phuong, M. Schappacher, A. Sikora, Zahoor Ahmad, Abubakr Muhammad, "Real-time Water Level Monitoring Using Low-Power Wireless Sensor Network", Embedded World Conference 2015, Nuremberg, 24.-26. Feb. 2015. Preprint

• Saad Aleem, Hasan Nasir, Abubakr Muhammad, "System Identification of Distributory Canals in the Indus Basin." 19th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC 2014), Cape Town, South Africa, 24-29 August 2014. Preprint

• Talha Manzoor, Sergey Aseev, Elena Rovenskaya, Abubakr Muhammad, "Optimal Control for Sustainable Consumption of Natural Resources." 19th World Congress of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC 2014), Cape Town, South Africa, 24-29 August 2014. Preprint

• Ch.Ammad Rehmat, Abubakr Muhammad, Naveed ul Hassan, "A Model Driven Framework for Risk Mitigation in Irrigation Networks". Climate Change in Pakistan, IDRC-CRDI Working Paper Series #2, 2014. Preprint

• Zahoor Ahmad and Abubakr Muhammad, "Low Power Hydrometry for Open Channel Flows", 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), Dallas, USA, 2014. Preprint

• Zahoor Ahmad, Ehsan U. Asad, Abubakr Muhammad, Waqas Ahmad and Arif Anwar, "Development of a Low-Power Smart Water Meter for Discharges in Indus Basin Irrigation Network", Wireless Sensor Networks for Developing Countries, Springer Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Volume 366, 2013, pp 1-13. Preprint

• Zaeem Hussain and Abubakr Muhammad, "Sample size reduction in groundwater surveys via sparse data assimilation," IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC), Paris-Evry University, France 2013. Preprint

• Hasan Nasir and Abubakr Muhammad, "Locating Leaks & Dumps in Open Channels with Minimal Sensing," IEEE Multi Conference on Systems & Control (MSC), Dubrovnik, Croatia 2012. Preprint

• Muhammad Umer Tariq, Hasan Arshad Nasir, Abubakr Muhammad and Marilyn Wolf, “Model-Driven Performance Analysis of Large Scale Irrigation Networks,” IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS), Beijing, China, 2012. Preprint

• Hasan Nasir and Abubakr Muhammad, "Feedback Control of Very-Large Scale Irrigation Networks: A CPS Approach in a Developing-World Setting." 18th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), Milano, Italy, 2011. Preprint