smarter sustainable energy for the rural poor · 2016-05-03 · smarter sustainable energy for the...
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![Page 1: Smarter Sustainable Energy for the Rural Poor · 2016-05-03 · Smarter Sustainable Energy for the Rural Poor A GRA Proposal for Delivering Real Change Steve Szewczuk (CSIR South](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042102/5e7f025bf21bdf7c4c168b82/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Smarter Sustainable Energy for the
Rural PoorA GRA Proposal for Delivering Real Change
www.theglobalresearchalliance.org
Steve Szewczuk (CSIR South Africa), Max Schreuder (TNO) and Adam Berry (CSIRO)
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1.3 billion people are without access to electricity
Source: World Energy Outlook, 2011, OECD/International Energy Agency
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3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking or heating
Source: The United Nations, Sustainable Energy for All (http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/about-us)
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Where are the Energy Poor?
• 95% of all people without access to electricity are in sub-Saharan Africa and Developing Asia
• 84% of all people without access to electricity come from rural regions
• Only 2–5% of people in rural Sub-Saharan Africa have access to electric power, while 500 million people have no access at all
Source: World Energy Outlook, 2011, OECD/International Energy Agency; Humanitarian Technology Challenge, IEEE and United Nations Foundation
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The Traditional Solution
• Connect each small community to the existing electrical network
• Huge infrastructure overhead to connect remote communities
• Slow
• Can be difficult to achieve and motivate
• Prone to single points of failure
• Hugely inflexible
• Typically relies on traditional (non-renewable/polluting) generation sources
• All or nothing
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© CSIR 2012 www.csir.co.za
0
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14000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Co
st P
er
Co
nn
ect
ion
(R
)
Year
Average connection costs
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© CSIR 2012 www.csir.co.za
338572
278762
312187
213127
241703
105625
234399
159767
220028
190164
86683
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
Achieved Connections from 2001 to December 2011
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The Leapfrog Effect
“During my years as a reporter covering the wireless industry, there’s one story I kept revisiting in various ways: while developed nations slowly replaced landline telephones with cell phones, developing countries completely skipped traditional telephone infrastructure and got their first communications via cellular.” (Katie Fehrenbacher)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
Po
pu
lati
on
Su
bsc
rib
ing
to
Se
rvic
e
Mobile Telephone
Fixed Telephone
Source: http://gigaom.com/cleantech/why-power-generation-will-mirror-cell-phones-in-developing-nations/; http://www.itu.int/ict/statistics
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The Leapfrog Effect
• The rural developing world has an opportunity to pursue innovative energy solutions that are not built upon the ideas of last century.
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Learning to Leap
• We are approaching that goal but slowly
• China has approximately 60,000 minigrid schemes
• Nepal, India, Vietnam and Sri Lanka each have between 100 and 1,000 minigrids
• The World Bank has increased support for off-grid projects, funding 31 projects between 1995 and 2008 (up from two prior to 1995)
• Still a reliance on diesel generators in many minigrid systems
• Challenges exist in finding optimal community fit
• Assessment of resource availability is difficult
• Maintenance issues are a concern
• Few holistic, robust and codified solutions exist
“Despite the opportunities, penetration of minigrid systems remains low in most developing countries” (Global Village Energy Partnerships)
For a discussion on some of these points, see: The GVEP Policy Briefing, 2011; Hybrid Mini-grids for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned, USAID and ARE, 2011
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Our Goal
• To create a smarter sustainable energy programme for the remote and rural poor that:
• Delivers localised generation, storage and distribution systems
• Features energy efficiency and intelligent demand management at the forefront
• Offers modularity, community-specificity and flexibility
• Enables rapid deployment
• Provides robustness
• Integrates contemporary smart-grid concepts
• Enables a sustainable, long-term and green solution to energy access
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Why We Will Deliver
• The collaborative partnership between CSIRO, TNO and CSIR South Africa brings expertise in minigrids, smart grids, social sciences, real-world deployment, world-leading experimental facilities and an international network of research, government and industry partners
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Why We Will Deliver
• CSIRO
• Recently completed a three year Asia Pacific Partnership with TERI (India) on smart minigrid technologies
– Included seven formal reports to the Australian Commonwealth Government on the state and future of minigrids
– Resulted in the construction of the Renewable Energy Integration Facility (REIF), for the testing and analysis of energy systems in a minigridenvironment
• Leading research into key smart-grid concepts, including
– Optimal planning of small-scale power networks
– Automated demand-management and control
• Commencing work programmes focussed on
– Advanced solar and load forecasting methodologies
– Automated fault-detection and diagnosis
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Why We Will Deliver
• CSIRO
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Why We Will Deliver
• CSIR South Africa
• Extensive experience in the development of frameworks and policy and the real-world deployment of South African minigrids
– Core member of the multi-national Renewable Energy for Rural Electrification project tasked with delivering an integrated energy/economic framework for poverty alleviation and productive energy use in the Eastern Cape of South Africa
– Developed the implementation plans for Lucingweni and Hluleka minigrids on behalf of the National Electricity Regulator
– Commencing the multi-national Renewable Energy Technology Integration platform with a focus on rural electrification of eThekwini (Durban)
• Actively involved in wind resource assessment, a core member of the team responsible for delivering the Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA)
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Why we will deliver
Hluleka Nature Reserve
Lucingweni village
Objective: to demonstrate that the various integrated technologies work.
Also place SA quite far down the innovation cycle
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Why We Will Deliver
• TNO
• Experience in social innovation, including policy, legislation and multi-stakeholder business modelling
• ICT and Energy focus has delivered PowerMatcher technology for aligning renewable energy outputs and electrical demand, piloted in many projects (e.g. Power Matching City, EcoGrid)
• Applied technology research in Aruba that will expand renewable energy share to 40%
• TNO is committed to developing sustainable innovations that boost economic development and create social wealth. TNO’s Innovation for Development addresses four topics; Food & Agriculture, Renewable Energy & Climate, Health and ICT.
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How We Will Deliver
• A phased approach
• Phase 0: Project Scoping
• Phase 1: Development of a Simulation-Based Pilot Collaborative Project
• Phase 2: Real-world Trialling of Developed Technologies and Methodologies
• Phase 3: Development of Modular Solutions Suitable for Commercialisation and Large-Scale Deployment
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Stephanie von Gavel and Adam Berry (CSIRO Australia)
Max Schreuder (TNO The Netherlands)
Steve Szewczuk (CSIR South Africa)
ENERGY TRANSFORMED FLAGSHIP
Thank you