smaw welding techniques
DESCRIPTION
Its about SMAW welding techniquesTRANSCRIPT
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SMAW Welding Techniques
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Weld Bead• A weld resulting from a pass
Stringer BeadWeave Bead
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Passes
• Weld Pass - A single progression of welding along a joint. The result of a pass is a weld bead or layer
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Root Pass Hot Pass
Fill Pass Cover Pass
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Techniques• Stringer (drag) (whip)• Weave
– Circles– crescent– zig zag– box weave– double J
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Progression (vertical)
• Up
– deeper penetration
– Higher deposit rate (lb/hr)
– Use near 90 degree travel angle or slightly up
• Down
– faster (point to point)
– less penetration for thin metal
– less dilution
– Use steep grag angle
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Travel Speed
• Stay on the leading edge of the puddle
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Flat Position
• Fillet/Groove - stringer or weave, split bead or wide weave
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Horizontal• Fillet/Groove - stringers (small weave may be used in tight place)• Bead Placement - bottom to top
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Vertical
• Fillet/Groove - weave (or whip but not straight stringers)
• Root pass 6010 whip
• Root pass 7018 straight stringer or weave (open closed)
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Overhead• Same as horizontal for Fillets
• 6010 open root whip for flat face and keyhole control
• 7018’s stringers
• OH Butt Joints can be stringers or weaves
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Dimensions
• Reinforcement -ASME flush 1/16 AWS flush 1/8 discuss keyholeing, metallic backing, nonmetallic backing, partial penetration, root openings, root faces, tacking, tack grinding, fast freeze, and fill freeze
• Fill -as many as needed 1/8 per pass flat overload 3/16 vertical
• Cover -flush 1/16 high, 1/16 past edge
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600 included angle
Root faces
Tacking
Feather Tacks
Butt Joint Preperation
1/16-1/8
(Joints without backing)
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Open Root Technique
• Use root opening to allow increase in amperage for smoother welding
• Whip backwards for penetration• Whip forwards to reduce penetration• Do Not Weave a root pass.• Maintain a short arc gap• Stay slightly in front of the puddle at all
times. Use the keyholing technique.
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Root faces - 0
450 included angle
Remove all mill scales and rust
Tacking - not in groove
Tack away from coupon area.
Flush on backing
Butt Joint Preperation(With Backing)
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Welding grooves with Backing
• Keep the root opening wide
• Make the root pass in one bead
• Avoid tight areas at the weld toes
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Restarts
•Stagger all starts and stops or use run-on, run-off tabs
•Feather all restarts & start on top, or start in front and remelt
•Don’t restart in a coupon area.
•Also stagger all beads on a single pass.
•Use a longer arc length when starting a weld.Compare interpass grinding techniques vs. techniques for no interpass grinding.
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Craters
• Fill craters by reversing direction at the weld end
• Use a short arc length to control heat.
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Electrode Work Angles
450
300
700
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work angle (transverse angle)• middle of joint
• directs heat between sides
• may need to direct more on heavy plate
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Transverse Angle Effects
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Drag Angle increases Penetration
Increases crown height
Push Angle gives shallow penetration, and flattens out the weld surface.
Electrode Travel Angles
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Electrode (arc) Placement
Current takes the path of least resistance. Therefore, the arc, and resulting weld, will go where the electrode end is closest to, NOT NECESSARILY IN THE DIRECTION THE ELECTRODE IS POINTING
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Arc Length
•Longer arc lengths = increased puddle heat, flatter welds, deeper penetration
•Shorter arc lengths = less puddle heat, flatter welds, less penetration
•Use arc length to control puddle size, penetration, and burn through.
•Normal arc length is 1/16” - 1/8”
•Use a slightly longer arc length during a start or restart.
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Helpful Tips
•Clean your Welding Hood lens
•Drape the cable over your shoulder or knee
•Get Comfortable
•Watch the puddle, not the arc
•Concentrate on steady travel speed and arc length
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SMAWPipe WeldingTechniques
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Positions
• 1G
• 2G
• 5G
• 6G
• 1F
• 2F
• 2FR
• 4F
• 5F
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1G Position
Pipe rotated, Electrode is always at the top
Either a split bead or weave technique may be used
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2G Position
Pipe Axis Vertical, Weld is Horizontal, Pipe is considered in a “fixed” position.
Always use a split bead technique
Always work from the bottom up.
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5G Position
Axis of the Pipe is Horizontal, The weld in vertical.
Progression may be up or down.
A weave bead is best used.
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6G PositionPipe axis is fixed in position at a 45 degree incline. Thhe position includes flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead welds.
A split bead tecvhnique is best used.
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1F Position
Pipe is rotated. The pipe axis is at a 45 degree incline. Welding is to occur at the top of the pipe.
Split bead or weave technique may be used.
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2F Position
Fixed Position
Best to use a split bead technique
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2FR Position
Rotated
A split bead technique is best used.
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4F Position
A split bead technique is best used
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5F Position
Not Rotated. Progression may be up or down.
Split beads or weaves can be used on 5F-up welds, split beads are best used on 5F-down welds.
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Root Pass Hot Pass
Fill Pass Cover Pass
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Always work from the bottom up when using the split bead technique
Always be careful not to create a tight area where slag may get trapped under the next weld.
It is better to weave slightly than to leave a tight area.
Plan your sequence of beads!
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Always work toward the smaller side of the fillet. (It will be easier to get to)
Always be careful not to create a tight area where slag may get trapped under the next weld.
It is better to weave slightly than to leave a tight area.
Plan your sequence of beads!
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Techniques• Stringer (push, drag, or whip), or Weave
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Progression (vertical)
• Up
– deeper penetration
– Higher deposit rate (lb/hr)
– Use near 90 degree travel angle or slightly up
• Down
– faster (point to point)
– less penetration for thin metal
– less dilution
– Use steep drag angle
![Page 42: SMAW Welding Techniques](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/55cf8dfd550346703b8d6397/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Travel Speed
• Stay on the leading edge of the puddle
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Keyholeing
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Root Openings
• Small will allow more amperage which will in turn make welding smoother and easier, as well as easier arc starts.
• Larger root openings will allow more penetration.
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Root Faces
• Larger root faces will allow more amperage which will in turn make welding smoother and easier, as well as easier arc starts.
• Smaller root faces will allow more penetration.
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Tacking, Tack Grinding• 3/4” long• feather both ends• clean and flatten tops• start on top, burn through before end• run completely onto tack before stopping• grind lumps off before next pass• stagger all starts and stops between passes• stagger all starts and stops between beads in
a single pass• Don’t overgrind tacks.
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Root faces - 0
450 included angle
Remove all mill scales and rust
Tacking - not in groove
Tack away from coupon area.
Flush on backing
Butt Joint Preperation(With Backing)
![Page 48: SMAW Welding Techniques](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/55cf8dfd550346703b8d6397/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
600 included angle
Root faces
Tacking
Feather Tacks
Butt Joint Preperation
1/16-1/8
(Joints without backing)
![Page 49: SMAW Welding Techniques](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/55cf8dfd550346703b8d6397/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Open Root Technique
• Use root opening to allow increase in amperage for smoother welding
• Whip backwards for penetration• Whip forwards to reduce penetration• Do Not Weave a root pass.• Maintain a short arc gap• Stay slightly in front of the puddle at all
times. Use the keyholing technique.
![Page 50: SMAW Welding Techniques](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/55cf8dfd550346703b8d6397/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Restarts
•Stagger all starts and stops or use runon, runoff tabs
•Feather all restarts & start on top, or start in front and remelt
•Also stagger all beads on a single pass.
•Use a longer arc length when starting a weld.
![Page 51: SMAW Welding Techniques](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/55cf8dfd550346703b8d6397/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Craters
• Fill craters by welding into the previous weld start
• Use a short arc length to control heat.
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Wagon Tracks
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Watch these areas. Be sure to keep it melted into these spots.
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Electrode Angles
• Up Progression - always point toward center of Pipe
• Down Progression - use a steep drag angle
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Arc Length•Longer arc lengths = increased puddle heat, flatter welds, deeper penetration
•Shorter arc lengths = less puddle heat, flatter welds, less penetration
•Use arc length to control puddle size, penetration, and burn through.
•Normal arc length is 1/16” - 1/8”
•Use a slightly longer arc length during a start or restart.
![Page 56: SMAW Welding Techniques](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081501/55cf8dfd550346703b8d6397/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Helpful Tips
•Clean your Welding Hood lens
•Drape the cable over your shoulder or knee
•Get Comfortable
•Watch the puddle, not the arc
•Concentrate on steady travel speed and arc length