snc2d animal cells and tissues
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SNC2D Animal Cells and Tissues. What factors influence cell specialization in Animals?. Take a look on p85 and take a couple of minutes to read the page The contents of the cell’s cytoplasm Environmental conditions (like temperature) The influence of neighbouring cells. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SNC2D Animal Cells and Tissues
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What factors influence cell specialization in Animals?
• Take a look on p85 and take a couple of minutes to read the page
• The contents of the cell’s cytoplasm
• Environmental conditions (like temperature)
• The influence of neighbouring cells
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The Effect of Cytoplasm on Cell Specialization
• After cytokinesis, the contents of the cytoplasm may differ in each daughter cell
• This helps determine what type of cell it will become
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The Effect of Environmental Conditions on Cell Specialization
• For example, in siamese cats, only cells that develop at cool temperatures produce dark hair colour (this usually occurs at the tips of cat’s feet, tail, ears, and nose)
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The Effect of Neighbouring Cells on Cell Specialization
• When cells are close to each other, substances can diffuse through the cell membrane
• These substances change which genes in DNA gets expressed
• For example, in the embryo of a chick, neighbouring cells influence eye development in a specific location in the embryo
• 16 days embryo
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Chick Development
6 Days 10 Days
16 Days
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Abnormal Development• Chemicals (contaminants
like heavy metals) in the environment can affect an animal’s development
• In humans, 90% of developmental issues can be traced to environmental factors!
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Structural Organization of Multicellular Organisms
atoms↓
molecules↓
organelles ↓
cells ↓
tissues ↓
organ ↓
organ system↓
organism
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ReviewChemical – atoms combine to form moleculesCellular – molecules interact to make up cellsTissue – cells are grouped into tissueOrgan – tissues compose organsOrgan system – organs function together to form
organ systemsOrganism (individual) – made up of the organ
systems
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Levels of Structural OrganizationAtoms
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
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Necessary Life Functions• Ideas?• Maintaining boundaries
– Cellular level – accomplished by plasma membranes
– Organism level – accomplished by the skin)
• Movement • Responsiveness• Digestion• Metabolism• Excretion• Reproduction • Growth
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Cells that have the same Function form Tissues
• Despite there being millions of different organisms, there are only a few different types of tissues!
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What are the different tissues?• Find out for yourself! Fill in your chart of Animal Tissues
using the hand out• For homework, answer questions p76 #2-5 (on the
Nelson Textbook Handout)