sno. i...benning herald vol. xix may, 1949 no. 10 the benning herald is published monthly by the...

May 1949

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TH E

THIR..-D DIVISION

BENNING HERALDVOL. XIX MAY, 1949 No. 10

The Benning Herald is published monthly by the Columbus Office

Supply Company as a civilian. enterprise (in compliance with Section II,

W.D. Circular 85, 1947, and Section I, D.A. Circular 295, 1948) in the

interests of the officers and enlisted personnel of Fort Benning and dis-

tributed to-all units that make up Greater Fort Benning.Policies and statements reflected in the news columns or editorials

represent those of the individual writers and under no circumstance are to

be considered those of the Army of the United States.Advertisements in this publication do not constitute an endorsement

by the Department of the Army or its personnel of the products advertised..All news matter for publication should be sent to the Public Informa-

tion Officer at Fort Benning. News furnished by the Public InformationOfficer is available for general release.,

Columbus, Ga. 40D -Telephone 2-4478

I

When artist Willie Wrightwas approached with the ideaof doing this month's cover forthe Herald (as well as the otherart work in this issue) he wasonly asked to do one thing: usean infantryman. Wright went towork and two days later cameup with the drawing on the leftwhich was then engraved forcolor. While no particular in-fantryman was used as a model,this is not the first time a manwearing the blue and whitepatch has found himself on thecover of an army magazine. An-other Third division man, Sgt.,1st cl. Joe Hodgins was chosenMan of the Year by Yank.

FROM THE EDITORNearly all of this issue of THE HERALD is devoted to the

infantry, its units, weapons and something of its tactics, asshown in the pictures of the Infantry School's Problem 361. Fornext month we hope to bring you a pictorial report on part of'Exercise Tarheel, covering the activities of three Benning units,the 73rd Heavy Tank battalion, 328th Ordnance battalion and204th Transportation Truck battalion, all of which are partici-pating in maneuvers as part of the Victor Force which is pres-ently defending the United States from the attacking AggressorForce.

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BENNING HERALD

Georgia, Alabama and Ten-nessee each got a glimpse thismonth of what-makes an infan-try division as the Third divi-sion paraded and the InfantryCenter presented displays of in-fantry weapons and equipment.Shown on this page are theColumbus, Ga., parade and dis-plays. Photo No. 1 is the 15thInfantry presenting arms; No.2, the 15th Heavy Mortar com-pany; No. 3, the unit's Heavy

Tank company; No. 4, 75 mm rifles of Company D; No. 5. anM-44 armored utility vehicle; No. 6, the regiment's Medicalcompany's jeeps with litters for evacuation of wounded; No.

.7, Columbusites look at an Infantry Center helicopter; No. 8, aSignal corps equipment display in one: of--the 'downtown stores,and No. 9, the American soldier as an ambassador of good willas part of his occupation mission overseas.

The out-of-town photos on Page 3 show the troops of the30th Infantry and 41st Field Artillery in Rome and Atlanta,Ga., and Columbia, Tenn. No. 1 shows the girls' band that pre-ceded Company E in the Rome parade; No. 2, caliber .50 ma-chine guns of the 41st's Battery B in Rome; No. 3, Company E

BENNING HERALD MAY, 1949

in Rome; No. 4, the 105 mm howitzers of Battery B in Rome;No. 5, Rct. Harold Perlman of the 30th shaves before the Co-lumbia, Tenn.,-parade; No. 6, the Third division units paradein the rain in Atlanta; No. 7, the First battalion of the 30th inColumbia, Tenn.; No. 8, Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright (ret.),at extreme right, reviews the Columbia parade, and No. 9, afloat in the combined Army Day-Dule Day parade in Columbia.

The post went all-out to make the Columbus celebrationof Army Day the biggest ever. Planning for the displays andthe parade started well in advance, and as the final week beforethe big week rolled around, Infantry Center troops started mov-ing weapons and equipment into town for the mammoth dis-plays on Broadway that included everything from light aviation

MAY, 1949

planes to eight-inch howitzers and 155 mm rifles. InfantryCenter personnel also worked closely with Columbus merchantsin setting up displays of different types of equipment used inthe Infantry division. At sundown each day, observers, whothronged the outdoor display area on the "islands" moved overto see movies of actual combat scenes. All in all, it was a bigweek.

From a statement made by Secretary of Defense Louis A.Johnson, and repeated by top army men, it looked like- 1949would be the last year for Army Day. Instead, the new secre-tary advocated an Armed Services Day, the date of which hasnot yet been set. However, Army Day or Armed Services Day,Fort Benning soldiers will still show their stuff.

BENNING HERALD

Above and below can be seen two groups of the VeryImportant People who were at Benning this month. In thephoto above, while one member of the Joint Orientation Con-ference sights a 75 mm rifle, from left to right looking on areJ. P. Marquand, Raymond P. Alexander and G. L. Washington.

Below, left to right are Maj. Gen. P. W. Clarkson, Maj. GenWithers A. Burress, Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson,Undersecretary of Defense Stephen Early, Lt. Gen. Alvan C.Gillem, Jr., and the new deputy commander of the Third Army,Maj. Gen. William C. Chase.

GENERAL BURRESS GREETS DEFENSE SECRETARY JOHNSON.

Plost --Host to ManyFort Benning's soldiers, long accustomed to seeing, and

demonstrating for, the great and near-great of the military andcivilian world, opened their eyes wide this month. In rapidsuccession this month they saw visits by the French chief ofstaff, -second joint orientation conference, Undersecretary ofDefense, Secretary of Defense and Brazilian Minister of Warand chief of staff-all here within two weeks.

The orientation conference was the second held by theDepartment of Defense with the principle of showing keycivilians just what the army, navy and air force are doing withthe taxpayers' dollars. And for the second time the InfantryCenter was chosen as the army's demonstration area. En routeto Benning it was announced that Stephen Early, formerlyPresident Roosevelt's press secretary, had been nominated tobe defense undersecretary; he announced his acceptance of thepost at Benning. The following day, the new Secretary of De-fense, Louis A. Johnson, flew to Benning, conferred with theundersecretary and looked over the post.

The day the members of the joint conference left, theMinister of War of Brazil, the Brazilian chief of staff and otherhigh-ranking Brazilian officers came to Benning to observeAmerican infantry training, techniques and tactics. But byweek's end the troops were able to relax; they had shown theirstuff and the visitors, who looked critically, had liked whatthey had seen.

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The Brazilian Minister of War, Gen. CANROBERT Pereirada Costa, left, and the Brazilian chief of staff, Maj. Gen. AlvaroFIUZA de Castro, right, above, follow their maps during thebriefing for Problem 361. Below, Lt. Gen. Georges Marie JosephRevers, chief of staff of the French army, left, looks over a 3.5inch rocket launcher during a demonstration at Hook Range.With him is Capt. Carlos Lozano of the Academic departmentof the Infantry School.


MARY FRANCES -STAFFORD GOES TO HER FIRST EASTER SERVICEWITH HER PARENTS, 1ST. SGT. AND MRS. TOM J. STAFFORD.

A note of solemnity prevailed at the Infantry Center duringthe middle of the month. Despite the activity, engenderedthroughout the post by the visits of top-ranking civilians, andtop-ranking service people from this*, and other countries, theweek beginning with Palm Sunday showed a greater than usualstirring of religious sentiment as Bewning-troops and their fami-lies, Protestants, Catholics and Jews'alike, prepared to celebratethe holy days of Easter and Passover.

For the. first time since the, war the post had a Jewishchaplain assigned here and he conducted his first Passover ser-vice and traditional Seder feast on the evening the April 13,commemorating the 3,100th anniversary of his people's exodusfrom Egypt.

Sunday morning saw thousands of worshippers attendingProtestant and Catholic services, presided over by 12 Protestantand four Catholic chaplains of the Infantry Center and Thirddivision. By far, of course, the largest attendance was at theannual Sunrise Service, but all chapels on the post were filledto overflowing at the indoor services. The four Catholic ser-vices at one chapel alone drew more than 1,100 persons, whilethe Infantry Center Chapel, seating .00, admitted more than600 to one service and still some could not find room inside.

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EASI.ERMOR N.Th Wohipers GatherAs the grayness of dawn gave way to the first pale, and

then brilliant, streaks of sunlight Easter morning, the soldiersof Fort Benning, their families and friends began drifting intoward the parade grounds of Olson Barracks for the annualEaster Sunrise Services. Then, as day began to break in earnestthe trickle became a throng so that by the time the trumpetersof the 72nd Army band sounded the melodious church callmare than 2,000 worshippers of nearly all faiths had gathered,1,400 to form a living cross, the rest to be seated in arcs behindthe main group.

From the first triumphant-song of the Infantry CenterChoir, "Christ the Lord is risen today" until the majestic notesof Bach's "Hallelujah Chorus" had drifted away and the finalbenediction had been pronounced, the group had -been heldenraptured by the service conducted by six Benning chaplains.The choir had practiced for weeks and not even the echoescaused by the public address system inside the cuartel paradeground seemed to disturb either singers or worshippers as thelatter heard, not only the traditional Easter music, but specialmusic and solos.

And in the Infantry Center Catholic Chapel, a SolemnMass filled the mural-decorated buildings even to seating later-comers in'the ..choir loft.. The solemn majesty of the elevationof th e Host was caught by a Herald photographer, right, asChaplain Aloysius Zielinski raised it high over the congrega-tion while the officers of the Mass, Ferdinand J. Kotiieczny andBernard R. Shamp knelt before him.

By day's end more than 3,500. people had attended at leastone service on the post, it was reported by Chaplain (Lt. Col.)Wallace M. Hale. Many of them had attended the SunriseService, but they still crowded into the other chapels for thespecial services being conducted at almost hourly intervals.

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THE PASSOVERFor more than 3,000 years the Jews of the world have cele-

brated the passing over of the homes of their ancestors by theAngel of Death as he smote the first-born of the Egyptians. Atsundown of the eve of Passover, April 13, the Jews of Fort Ben-ning gathered in the Infantry Center chapel to hear Chaplain(Capt.) Max Daina, above, explain the significance of the holyday. Then, the services over, they moved to the hospital a.,eafor the traditional Seder, the meal commemorating the bondageand flight from Egypt. Below, Chaplain Daina it shown break-ing the matzo, symbolic of the Unleavened bread the Israelitestook with them on the flight as they had not the time to let itrise. In the glass before the chaplain are the bitter herbs,eaten to remind the celebrant of the bitterness of slavery inancient days.

BENNING HERALD10 MAY, 1949

The Infantry DivisionWhen you annihilate the enemy and occuply his territory

you have won a war. So, for many years, have said the greatstrategists and tacticians. So, for many years, has that beenthe mission of the infantry, to annihilate the enemy and occupyhis territory.

In all the arms, services and branches making up the mili-

tary profession, the infantry, and the infantryman, has longoften been merely taken for granted. The infantryman, in theeyes of many, carries a rifle. He is numerous, to be sure, but,except for the Sergeant Yorks and Audie Murphys, usuallyanonymous.

Today, the people of the world, and especially the UnitedStates, are taking a new view of the infantry. For the infantryis a new infantry, a far cry from the mass of doughboys whofought with rifles and machine guns and mortars and littleelse in the first world war and with those weapons and biggerartillery, rockets and magnificent cooperation from the navyand airforce in World War II. The infantryman, and the in-fantry division of 1949, pack a powerful wallop.

The streamlined infantry division today is a self-contained,mobile, almost self-sustaining organization. Gone are the daysof "attached units" of the last war. The lessons of Afric.a,Europe and the Pacific, learned the hard way, have alreadytaken effect in the new lineup of Uncle Sam's big right arm.

The new infantry division has men: 17,797 enlisted men,958 officers, 49 warrant officers. The new infantry divisionhas weapons: 19,912 ranging- from pistols to 155 howitzers. Thenew infantry division has armor: 195 vehicles mounting piecesincluding 75, 76, 90 and 105 mm guns and howitzers. The newinfantry division has vehicles: 4,071 including everything fromliaison planes to tanks, assault boats, ambulances, tank re-trievers, and even a mobile defital laboratory.

During the last war -the division was built around its threeregiments of infantry, four battalions of field artillery, engineerbattalion, medical battalion, signal company, reconnaissancetroop, quartermaster company and ordnance company. Itsarmor was attached," as was its anti-aircraft, usually a bat-talion of each.

Now the infantry division is still built around its threeregiments of infantry and four battalions of field artillery, butit has a lot more power and the power isn't "attached." It'sorganic, part of the division. There are still a medical bat-talion and engineer battalion, still a signal company, recon-

naissance company, quartermaster company and ordnance com-pany. But there are two new battalions: the heavy tank bat-talion and the anti-aircraft battalion, both a part of the division.

The'weapons have changed, too, since the last war. Thereare still M-1 rifles, light and heavy machine guns, mortars,artillery, BARs and the other weapons so familiar to the ve.t-eran soldier. In addition, however, there are the "glamour"weapons that came in just about the time the Germans andJ aps surrendered-and they are plentiful in today's division.

There are the recoilless guns, both 57 and 75 mm; there arethe rocket launchers in two sizes, a far cry from the old ba-zookas; there are grenades of all types, new shells-all the fire-power the infantryman has wanted. And the infantrymen arebeing trained in their uses. Here at Benning, too, the Infantry

SChool isconducting classes for lightweapons and heavy wea-pons non-commissioned officers in addition to its other classes;"here at. Benning the new Third division is being trained withthe new weapon, and at other posts and camps other new in-fantrymen, and old ones, too, are learning that the old "dog-face soldier with a rifle on his shoulder" refrain might meana-57 mm rifle instead of an '03 or M-1.

On the next two pages are silhouettes of some, but defi-nitely not nearly all, the weapons and armored vehicles of theinfantry division.

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,MAY, 1949 11

WE BU

Pistol, Automatic, Caliber .45 Carbine, Caliber .30Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min- 21-28 Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Mi - 750-775

Maximum Range, Yards - 1,600 Maximum Range, Yards - 2,000

Number in the Division - 2,716 Number in the Division - 7,474

Rifle, Caliber .30, Sniper

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. - 10-15

Maximum Range, Yards - 3,500

Number in the Division - 243

Automatic Rifle, Caliber .30 BAR




Submachine Gun, Caliber .45

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. - 450

Maximum Range, Yards - 1,700'

Number in-the Division - 638

Machine Gun, Light, Caliber .30



Nugiber in the Division - 160

Machine Gun, Heavy, Caliber .30


Maximum Range, Yards-- 3,500

Number in the Division -,40

Machine Gun, Caliber .50

Maxfmum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. - 400-600 .


Number in the Division- 354

,

Mortar, 60 MM

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds Per Min.- 30-35

Maximum Range, Yards - ,985


Mortar, 81 MM

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. 30-35


Number in the Division -40

Mortar, Chemical, 4.2 Inch

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per M. - 20



BENNING HERALD

Rifle, Caliber .30

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min.- 16-32


Number in the Division - 6,913

MAY, 194912

Launcher, Rocket, 2.36 Inch


Maximum Range, Yards - 700


Launcher, Rocket, 3.5 Inch

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. 8

Maximum Range, Yards - 945


Howitzer, 105 MM

Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. -4);



Tank, M-24 (75 MM Gun)

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. - 8 (Est.)



57 MM Rifle


Maximum Range, Yards -- 4,340


75 MM Rifle

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. 12

Maximum Range, Yards--7,200

Number. in the Division - 39

Howitzer, 155 MM

Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min.-- 3



Tank, M-26 (90 MM Gun)



Number in the Division --- 123

Multiple Gun, M-16

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min. - 2,400

Maximum Extreme Range, Yards - 2,450


Twin 40 MM Gun, M-19

Maximum Rate of Fire, Rounds per Min.- 240

Maximum Extreme Range, Yards - 5,500


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Tank, M-45 (105 MM Howitzer)





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In March, 1918 the Sixth U. S. Engineers went into the linein France to help stop a great' German assault. This was thefirst unit of the Third Infantry division to see action in WorldWar I. A month later the rest of the division was committedand in the following seven months the division covered itselfwith glory and earned the nickname "Rock of the Marne,"when it refused to budge from a position it had taken .in theChateau-Thierry sector.

Then, following the armistice and a period of duty as oc-cupation troops, the division came home and in the long,peacetime years its units were scattered up and down the westcoast. Before America's entry into World War II, however, thedivision had new life breathed into it. It had become one of thefirst triangular infantry divisions. In its lineup were the Sev-enth, 15th and 30th Infantry regiments; Ninth, 10th, 39th and41st Field Artillery battalions. And with them were the new,streamlined companies and battalions, like the Third Signalcompany and 10th Engineer battalion that the division hastoday.

With the new organization came training, long arduousdays and weeks and months of a new kind of training, train-ing for amphibious warfare. Hitler held Europe and much ofAfrica. Before he could be fought on his home grounds a toe-hold, at least, had to be gained and the Third was picked tohelp grab that hold. On October 23, 1942, the Third Infantrydivision sailed into the Atlantic. Destination: French Morroc-co. Operation: Torch. Commander: Maj. Gen. Jonathan W.Anderson.

At 4:45 on the morning of Nov. 8, 1942 the first assaultwaves of the Third division began landing on the French Mor-occan coast near Fedala and about 15 miles from Casablanca.It was the first successful D-Day operation against FestungEuropa. Within four days resistance ceased and the initial stageof American participation in the Battle for North Africa hadended. The Third was to see no more fighting till summer.

If the Third was to see no more fighting till summer, how-ever, many a Marneman wryly remarked that he'd prefer battleto what he had to do in the first half of 1943. Soon after thelanding General Anderson returned to the States for a newassignment and the command of the division was assumed byMaj. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, Jr. About the same time, theThird was designated as one of the units that was to formthe Seventh army under the command of Lt. Gen. George S.Patton, Jr. The objective this time was Sicily.

General Truscott was a former cavalryman, an impatientcavalryman who liked to move fast. For the preparation forOperation Husky he instituted a training schedule, based inpart on physical conditioning, that. has become legendary inthe division under the term "'Truscott Trot." The "Truiscott

Trot" was not a marching pace of five miles an hour all theway, only for the first hour. Then it was reduced to four milesan hour for the next two hours and three and one-half milesan hour for the remainder of a 30-mile mar'ch&wP-ithfUll -fieldequipment. -

The rigorous training of North Africa pro edvaluable inthe Sicilian operation ..... The division started landing near Licata,at 2 a. m. July 10 and in 31' days of combat walked,filghting

MAY, 1949

-R.Ock of

EARSROEBUCK AND CQ,

BENNING ,HERALD14

as it went, across the mountainous terrain to capture Palermoand Messina. Meeting almost irresistible opposition at one timeon the north coast near Mte. San Fratello, the Second battalion,30th Infantry, made two amphibious landings behind the Ger-man lines within one week to encourage the Nazis to withdraw.

When the Fifth army landed at Salerno early in Septem-ber, the Third's men wondered about their future. Ten daysafter the landing they ceased wondering. They were south ofSalerno, fighting in the mountains near Acerno. Two monthslater they came out of the line, what was left of them, near aplace called Cassino and went into training for a landing at aplace called Nettuno, later shortened to Anzio.

Anzio was the battle that lasted four months. During thattime the division staved off one great attack after another.During those four months the division suffered 12,750 battleand non-battle casualties. During those four months the Ger-mans never gained an inch of ground that had been taken bythe Third division. The nightmare ended, finally, on May 23and 12 days later the Third, under soon-to-be Maj. Gen. JohnW. O'Daniel was in Rome. Troops of the Third Reconnais-sance troop had entered the city at 8 a. m. on June 4.

Following a couple of weeks of rest in Rome it was backto the amphibious training area of Pozzuoli, near Naples. Thedivision had a date on the French Riviera. The date was Aug.15, 1944 and the place was San Tropez. The higher echelonwas Sixth corps, commanded by General Truscott (who hadassumed comm and of the corps at Anzio) and the partners inthe operation were the Third's' old friends, the 45th and 36thdivisions.

The division went into combat Aug. 15, 1944, and stayedin combat until Feb. 7, 1945-with no rest. During that timeit fought its way up the Rhone valley, crossed the VosgesMountains in the winter, paved the way for the entrance intoStrasbourg and was instrumental enough in clearing out theColmar Pocket to receive an American Distinguished Unit cita-tion and the fourragere to the French Croix de Guerre.

The division had reached the Rhine twice but hadn'tcrossed it. So, after the cleanup at Colmar it moved into theNancy area and started practicing river crossings. First, how-ever, it had to break through the Siegfried line at Zweibrucken.This was accomplished in mid-March and before the end ofthe month the Third had crossed the Rhine south of Wormsand was moving through Germany. Working hand in hand withits old partner, the 45th, the division captured Nurnburg andMunich and then, striking on its own, as the Nazi dream col-lapsed, captured Salzburg and Berchtesgaden. It was a longway from North Africa's western shores.

The division was awarded 10 battle stars for the followingcampaigns: North Africa, Tunisia, Sicily, Naples-Foggia. Anzio.Rome-Arno, Southern France, Ardennes-Alsace, Rhineland and

Central Europe. In addition to receiving the DistinguishedUnit citation as a division, 16 of its units were .also similarlycited. But the proudest boast of the old-timers is not the num-ber of citations, not the number of casualties, not just the daysof. combat, the countries fought in or the miles of walking.The old-timers have one boast: The Third Infantry divisionnever retreated.

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0VICTORY

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RECRUITS SAMMY MEARNS AND BOBBY JAY RECEIVE INSTRUCTIONON THE 3.5 INCH ROCKET LAUNCHER FROM PFC. ALVA HOWARDWHILE IST. LT. KENNETH E. KINTNER, AN EIGHT-CAMPAIGN VET-ERAN OF THE THIRD, LOOKS ON.

The combat infantryman of World War II might have adifficult time recognizing the infantry regiment of today. Theregiment is still armed with M-1 rifles, still has machine gunsand mortars, but gone are such units as the anti-tank companyand cannon company. Streamlined and reorganized like theinfantry division, the regiment has a brand new setup. Regi-ments like the Third division's Seventh (at Fort Devens) and15th and 30th at Benning now consists of a headquarters andheadquarters company, three infantry battalions, a service com-pany, heavy mortar company, tank company and medicalcompany.

The regiment has more firepower today, too, than everbefore in history. In addition to more than a score of armoredvehicles, including tanks, the regiment has carbines, light andheavy caliber .30 machine guns, caliber .50 machine guns, sub-machine guns, 2.36 and 3.5 inch rocket launchers, 60 mm, 81 mm

SERGEANT ARCHIE L. COOK GIVES PFC. RAYMOND E. GREENE ANDRECRUITS VERNON D. KAHLOR AND RAYBURNE L. LEE SOME IN-STRUCTION ON THE 81 MM MORTAR. •ALL THE MEN SHOWN ONTHIS PAGE ARE MEMBERS OF COMPANY H, 30TH INFANTRY.

and 4.2 inch mortars, pistols, automatic rifles, M-1 rifles, sni-pers' rifles and 57 and 75 mm guns.

For greater mobility, the regiment of today has more than550 vehicles, including armored vehicles. These range fromjeeps and trailers to trucks, water tank trailers and bulldozers.In the field of communications, today's regiment is vastly dif-ferent from pre-war and wartime units. Telephone communi-cation is still, of course, the backbone of the communicationsnetwork, but the employment of radios has been on the up-surge. Today the regiment has nearly 800 pieces of communi-cation equipment including field telephones, switchboards,radios of all types, and reel equipment.

The job of the regiments of the Third division today atBenning is, of course, primarily training. With the bringingup to authorized strength of the 15th and 30th Infantries, theteaching of recruits in the employment of weapons and equip-ment is being carried on by a well-trained cadre that includesa sprinkling of World War II Third division veterans. Visitorsto the training areas, especially at Sand hill, can walk or ridethrough the area and see instructors patiently working withthe recruits, making real doughboys of them.

THEY STILL DO THE MANUAL OF ARMS AND HERE SERGEikNT FIRST CLASS SAMPSON BAIRD CONDUCTS THE DRILL.

The irtil 1rThe answer to an infantryman's prayer in combat is often

the whistling of artillery shells overhead-from his own artil-lery. During the past war the division artillery consisted ofthree battalions of light-l05 mm howitzers-and one battalionof medium-155 mm howitzers. The division artillery of todaystill consists of light and medium artillery, but there are morehowitzers in each battalion and their mobility is greater.

SGT. 1ST. CL. EUGENE C. STOVALL, RIGHT, EXPLAINS THE MECH-ANISM OF THE BREECH BLOCK OF THE 105 MM HOWITZER TO41ST, FIELD ARTILLERY BATTALION RECRUITS ROBERT J. POWERSAND GEORGE VLAHOS, BELOW.

GETTING THEIR NEW M51A PRIME MOVER READY FOR ITS JOB OFHAULING THE NINTH FIELD'S 155 MM- HOWITZERS ARE SGT.EDWARD L. ATKINS (ON GROUND) AND PVT. RUSSELL C. WILLIAMSAND CPL. VERNE E. PARSONS.

In addition to the howitzer units, the division artillery alsoincludes a battalion of self-propelled anti-aircraft guns. TheseM-16 and M-19 vehicles mount either four caliber .50 machineguns or twin 40 mm guns. In addition tO their anti-aircraftassignment, the total of 64 gun-mounting vehicles can also beemployed with devastating effect against enemy infantry andarmored units.

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THESE MEN OF THE 10TH ENGINEERS BUILD A BRIDGE AS THEY WOULD IN COABAT.

On Their Shoulders Are P-laced Many TaWhen the infantry division has an exceptionally tough job

to do the chances are that the division's combat engineer bat-talion will draw the short straw. They build, they tear downand they fight. The list of the missions of the engineers is animposing one, and the engineer takes pride in his ability toaccomplish all his missions.

The "book" says the mission of the battalion is to increasethe combat effectiveness of the division by means of generalengineer work. Then come the sub-paragraphs explaining re-sponsibilities: engineer staff planning and supervision, includ-ing attache& engineer troops; engineer reconnaissance; con-struction, repair, and maintenance of roads, fords, culverts,fixed or floating bridges, ferries, obstacles (including minefields), landing strips, command posts, shelters, and defensiveinstallations; demolitions, and removal of obstacles incluudingmine fields; engineer personnel and equipment for assaultstream crossings and assault on fortifications; engineer supply

service, including water points; fighting as infantry inemergency.

Often the engineers are asked to do the impossible. InSicily, along the north coast road to Messina, the Germans blewthe road along a cliff at the exit of a long tunnel. There wasno place to rebuild the road and the division was stumped-momentarily. Within 18 hours the 10th Engineer battalionhad literally hung a bridge from the sky and troops and artil-lery poured over in pursuit of the fleeing Wehrmacht. Thiseffort at Cap Calava was considered by many the outstandingdivision engineering feat of the entire war in the west.

At Anzio, after building the defenses, the engineers foughtas infantry as few infantrymen have ever fought. Today, inaddition to the multitude of types and pieces of engineer equip-ment in the battalion, they are powerfully armed with carbines,caliber .30 and .50 machine guns, submachine guns, 3.5 rocketlaunchers, pistols and M-1 rifles.

2BENNING HERALD20 MAY, 1949

1H

The "homeless" tankers of World War 11 who worked asattached troops with the infantry division have found a homeat last in the new streamlined,. powerful infantry division. Asan organic battalion of the division they at last belong. Withthem, too, they have brought a new muscle to the infantry di-vision in the shape of new and better-gunned tanks and plentyof them, more than 70, including M-24's mounting 75 mm guns,M-26's mounting 90 mm guns, and M-45's mounting 105howitzers.

Working closely with the infantry regiments, the tank bat-talion is charged with the destruction of enemy armor by fire;and the support of infantry by the use of direct or indirectfire, maneuver or shock action. And when the infantry breaksthrough enemy lines, the tanks help exploit the breakthrough.

In addition to the armament of the tanks themselves, thebattalion also has carbines, machine guns, both caliber .30 and.50, submachine guns, rocket launchers, a mortar, pistols, M-1rifles and automatic rifles. The photo above shows a layoutof equipment for one tank, whie below can be seen an M-26,buttoned up, moving over a rise.

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MED ICSThe real heroes of the infantry division are the medical

corpsmen. They go with the infantry wherever the infantrygoes. Unarmed, and with prominent red cross markings thatoften invite fire from sometimes unscrupulous enemy troopswho disregard the Geneva Convention, the medics walk whereangels fear to tread to do their jobs. When there are woundedin no-man's land and steel is flying, the medics go out andlike the Mounties, get their man. Once they get to the wonded,they know what to do, too.

In the photo above, Pvt. Lester T. Winters is putting atourniquet on the arm of Sgt. Ross H. Litty, whose hand hasbeen "shattered." Below, Pvt. Bobby D. Hathorn, and Sgt.Calvin B. Bennette, an instructor with the Third Medical bat-talion, of which all the men are members, look over the fin-ished job of bandaging that Winters and Hathorn have doneon Lilly's hand. The "shattered hand" is one of the many train-ing aids being used by the medics, in preparing the new corps-men for any eventuality.


For a unit whose mission it is to provide security and re-connaissance for the unit to which it is assigned, the reconnais-sance company does a lot of fighting. For under the-new setupof the infantry division, the company also is capable of exe-cuting missions suitable for light armored units. The ThirdReconnaissance company of today is a far cry from the oldThird Recon troop of the last war which covered itself withglory on the push from Anzio to Rome.

Today's recon company has firepower previously un-dreamed of by ex-cavalrymen and as the pictures on this pageshow, the men are learning how to use it. Above, 1st. Sgt.Richard F. Morgan, other side of jeep, instructs Rcts. RobertG. Cox and Bobby R. Champion and Cpl. Herman Vander-meulen in the technique of firing a caliber .50 machine gunfrom a jeep. The company is also heavily armed with carbines,rifles, light and heavy machine guns, rocket launchers, pistols,automatic rifles, submachine guns, and mortars, and has lighttanks and armored utility vehicles. Below, Rct. Lloyd J. Levackand Sgt. Gordon L. Sale do a little sighting with the carbine.

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When the Greeks fought the Persians at the battle of Mara-thon, the Athenian commander sent runners to Sparta and theother city-states requesting reinforcements. Those runners werethe Signal corps men of their time. Today's infantry divisionstill uses some soldiers as runners, but the bulk of communi-cations is carried on by telephone, radio and even teletype. Inthe photo above Cpl. Walter H. May is shown operating aswitchboard at the Third Signal company, while below Sgt.1st. cl. Joseph M. Passero is explaining some of the inner work-ings of the teletype to Pfc. Robert R. Kendrick. In addition toits communications assignment for the division, the signal com-pany also takes still and motion pictures, processes still pic-tures, and provides motion picture and slide projectors fortraining purposes.

it Can Fix AnythingIn the old days of the army when something went wrong

with a soldier's shooting iron, whether it was a rifle or a155 mii howitzer, the piece went back to the ordnance com-pany for repairs. And if it was a 155 mm howitzer the unitwas sometimes "hurting" till it got a new weapon. Nowadays,however, when something goes wrong with a weapon, a bigweapon, the ordnance company often sends a • trained man upto the unit to make repairs on the spot. In fact, ordinarilythe division's ordnance company is capable of furnishing sup-port for all elements organic to the division. Under other con-ditions, assistance sometimes. is required from other'oordnancetroops.

There is more to. ordnance work, however, than repairingweapons. Nowadays, the ordnance company is responsible, notonly for the maintenance of weapons, but also for optical andvehicle maintenance. For when the divisions were reorganizedbefore the last war and the quartermaster battalion was re-designated a company, the ordnance company was made respon-sible for maintenance of transport. In- today's division, that'sa big task, what with the thousands of vehicles of all typesfrom motorcycles and jeeps to tanks.

Preventive maintenance is also something the ordnancemenstress. They reason that if a man takes care of his rifle, gun-sight, watch or truck, there'll be less need for the weapon, in-strument or vehicle to be in disuse. So, as Cpl. Nathan Barnett,right, is doing, they show men like Pfc. William T. Haines,how to care for weapons, in this case a submachine gun called,naturally, by infantrymen, the "grease gun." A member of the703rd Ordnance company now, Barnett, with the 48th Ord-nance in the 'European theater of operations, often foundhis unit supporting the 703rd. When he finished his demon-stration on the attachment of the barrel to the gun, Haines, ofthe company's supply section, was thus able to pass on. theinformation to the man ultimately receiving the piece.

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Division Supply InitOne upon a time, as the story goes, the army supplied

itself to a great extent on the march, living off the land. Onceupon a time, even in World War'II the American army'almostdid that as many soldiers, who fought in Sicily remember eatinggreen corn and tomatoes as a "supplement" to the daily Krations. In the normal course of events, nevertheless, and re-gardless how much individual soldiers or even small units "sup-plement" their supplies by living off the land, the divisionquartermaster company is the primary -source of practically allthe supplies the division requires.

In other days, before the.advent of the gasoline motor, thequartermaster's mission was concerned mainly with food andclothing for soldiers and fodder for horses and mules. Todaythe 'quartermaster troops have a multitude of supply items, stillincluding food and clothing,-but in addition, petroleum, oilsand lubricants, to keep the wheeled and tracked army rolling.

As a service unit of an infantry division, this organization,numbering only slightly over 250 men, also provides laundryand bathing facilities for the division and graves registrationsupervision. In the past war, another mission was also foundfor them, one that was dangerous in the extreme at times butof inestimable help to the infantry. Then, quartermaster troopsand trucks were often used to carry infantry to their jumpingoff point., This meant less casualties to the infantry and aspeedier start with troops not fatigsued by marching long dis-tances before a fight.

In the photo above, 1st Lt. Harold H. Baker is shown con-ducting 'a Third Quartermaster company class on the camou-flage and concealment of a quartermaster installation. On theright is Pvt. Philip J. Matta.

BENNING HERALD26 MAY, 1949

rotmnAr my's First Team

Among the first lessons learned conclusively in World WarII was that infantry, artillery and tanks must operate veryClosely to form an. infantry-artillery-tank team; that armoredunits require supporting infantry; that infantry requires thesupport of tanks, and that both require the support of artillery.These lessons, learned first in North Africa and later in thewar, were quickly put to use at the Infantry School.

Today, at Benning, one of the great demonstrations con-ducted by the Academic department of the Infantry School forstudents and distinguished visitors (the observers are usuallycombined) is Problem 361, the Infantry-Artillery-Tank Teamin the Attack, the map of which is shown above. Stressed inthe conduct of the problem is the coordination necessary be-tween the commanders of the infantry, artillery and armor, andthe employment of a heavy tank company as part of the team.

In the problem situation, the First Infantry, part of a largerforce, is advancing east against'stubborn enemy resistance. Itsmission is to seize Bush Hill. "By .2000 yesterday leading ele-ments of the division have reached the line: UNIMPROVEDROAD running SW from HILL 8-EDGE of WOODS W ofHILL 9-UNDERWOOD ROAD."

On the following pages can be seen some of what happenswhen the team takes off from that point. Photo No. 1 showstanks in the foreground with artillery shells dropping in therear; No. 2, tanks move up with infantry following; No. 3, tanksfire as infantry come alongside them; No. 4, more tanks movein from the left flank, again with infantrymen with them; No..5, tanks continue to approach Hill 6 from the left, and No. 6,more M-26 tanks come out of the woods from the left towardHill 6, the first major objective.

On pages 29 through 32 can be seen more pictures show-ing the employment of infantrymen with armor. The artilleryjieces that fired the protective barrages for the infantry-tankteam are in the rear and cannot of course be seen. The photostaken on page 28 were telescopic, taken from the observersposition in the right front of Company G. The other pictureswere taken by a photographer accompanying the infantry-tankteam.

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* Jumbo Shrimp e K..C. SteaksExtra Oysters 0 Chicken LiversSelect C n* Fried Chicken Fresh and Tender

with Homemade Biscuits 4

Strickland'sFISH HOUSE

Restaurant3000 Victory Drive

PHONE 9748

On Super Highway between

MAY, 1949 BENNING HERALD 27

Columbus, Ga.

The

OPEN DAILY7 a. m. to 12 midnight

Serving ...BREAKFASTS

LUNCHESDINNERS

Columbus and Fort Benning

MAY, 1949 BENNING HERALD 27

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In the picture above, a light machine gun section (all in-fantrymen are from the Third battalion, 15th Infantry regi-ment) is shown moving up a slope to go into firing position.The photo below shows one machine gun crew inIaction whileone tank has already come into position. The infantrymen arenever more than a short distance from the supporting tanksand both infantry and armor usually fire simultaneously.

The telescopic photos on the. opposite page were takenduring an actual demonstration of Problem 361 which wasobserved by visiting students of other army service schools andthe Minister of War of Brazil, the chief of staff of the Brazilianarmy and, other high-ranking Brazilian and American officers.The other pictures' of the problem were taken during a re-hearsal two days previously.

Get,.more of the blest foryour money! Get RC-

1... .... .. ...

........ E ............4 .n.....y.. ..tJ.. ... .. ... ... .. .

ON-,A. ....E.

* Now getextra pleasure'at no extra cost!* Buy the best'cola in quantity and quality! Gn

SRC grew 60 times in 6.years! 4.

* Stock up! Get six bottles or a case today!Ibs a delicious, thirst-quenching pick-up!

ontyasis bestbytaste'..testifNEHI BOTTLING COMPANY

Columbus, Georgia

BENNING HERALDMAY, 1949 29

COCO SUPPER CLUBVICTORY DRIVE - PHONE 6090

Catering to Small and Large Parties

If you have not visited the Coco Club you have missed a treat.We serve only the best.

All Western Steaks, Fried Chicken, Maine Lobstersand all other Seafoods in season,

Frog Legs, Soft Shell Crab.You will enjoy our Special Seafood Plate

For Sandwiches, etc., use our Curb Service

Plenty Parking Space in the Rear

Authorized

Sales Service

GENUINE PARTSFACTORY TRAINED MECHANICS

Service and Parts Open 8-6 Week Days8-1 Saturdays

We Service ALL Makes of Cars

HARDAWAY MOTOR COMPANY1541 First Avenue Phone 2-7781

MAGICH'IGH WAY

TOANYWHERE

You Can Get There Faster and at Low Cost...by Long Distance Telephone

By'Long Distance Telephone you can get wherever you'war,:'to go quickly and more economically than by any other meanS.No detours, no weather hazards to slow you up. Just relax inan armchair at home and you're there in a matter of minutes.

Many new circuits and switchboards have been added andmore than 90% of all calls now go through whilb you hold theline. Improvements in transmission have made a difference,too. Voices miles away come through as clearly as if you weretalking to someone across the room.

Once again we can invite you to-use the Long Distance "travel"route more frequently. You'll be surprised at the low cost.You'll enjoy the speed and ease with which it takes you any-where, anytime.

SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

In the above picture the tanks are in position and firing

while infantrymen who continue to come forward-are shown

"hitting the dirt" among and between them.-The foot troops

have not ceased to advance. In this particular Case the infantry-

men could be laying down a base of fire for other units coming

up. Below an infantry platoon leader is shown in communica-

tion with his commander. Constant communication is main-

tained between forward and rear -elements and the infantry,

artillery and tanks. For the benefit of observers, communica-

tion between the commanders of-the units is amplified and

carried over a public address system.

BENNING HERALD MAY, 1949-30

Rii~i~!iiiflemen lerned dring te war tat coninued ovemen

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fradfullye eaness uringtes sinc th oedmemae

it difficult for enemy artililery and mortar units to adjust theirfires rapidly and correctly. They also learned, as the troops.above are demonstrating, .that firing of small arms while ad-vancing usually caused enemy troops to hug their holes, thusmaking them an easier .prey to grenades. These troops couldbe advancing while the men on the opposite page build up abase of fire.- A rifleman and tank, below, have taken advantageof sparse cover while they fire. Even "tall grass can providesome concealment and protection since it does not provide theenemy gunners with sharp targets, while continued fire keepshim off balance.

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MAY, :1949

SOL LOEB cooWH.OLESALE GROCERIES

CIGARSEst. 1868

900 Front Ave. Phone 7376

*BLENDED ITH G AIN EUTRAL SPRITSGENUINE PRE-WAR QUALITY BLENDED WHISKEY, 86 PROOF. THE STRAIGHT WHISKIES INTHIS PRODUCT ARE 5 YEARS OR MORE OLD. 35% STRAIGHT WHISKEY. 65% GRAINNEUTRAL SPIRITS. SCHENLEY DISTILLERS CORPORATION, NEW YORK CITY.

BENNING HERALD 31

.1 X

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In Columbus... Shop for Fine FurnitureAtMAXWELL BROTHERS

"The House of Quality Furniture"Cor. Broadway and 13th Street Dial 5524

COLONIAL BAKING CO.1038 13th St. Dial 2-0618

WE'

' -E-L-C- -M-E

THIRD-

DI.VISION

E. J . Knight Scrap Material Co.P. 0. Box 1271 Phone 2-8282

1Oth Avenue and 6th Street

COLUMBUS, GEORGIA

WE WELCOME.

THE. THIRD DIVISION

32 BENNING HERALD

One of the infantryman's favorite weapons is the Browning

Automatic Rifle, shown above being fired by an infantryman

as the tank in the background also fires. In this case, the in-

fantryman could be firing at close-in targets while the tank

has chosen a target out of range of the infantryman, perhaps

a machine gun or-mortar position or rocket launcher crew.

While most of the action of the problem pictured on these pages

has been from the center and left, troops on the right flank

have not been idle., The bottom picture shows an infantry unit

advancing through a gully.: On the right flank, for the prob-

lem, are emplaced mortars and recoilless rifles.

ME

;-m

-iix

IX

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IX

.MAY, 1949.BENNING HERALD32

VICTORY HIGHWAY L. H. WALLER, Proprietor DIAL 2-3809

SEE

101 RA ACH 1 I WEST SHOWSPONSORED BY COLUMBUS OPTIMIST CLUB

FAIR GROUNDS- COLUMBUS, GA.Friday, 29, 2:30 P.M. - Saturday, 30, 2:30 and 8:30 P. M.

GENERAL ADMISSION: ADULT.........$1.20-Reserved Seats $1.70CHILDREN ..... .60- Reserved Seats 1.10

LIVE IN

.AT

,OWCO ST

Buy on time-make small monthly payments.Live in one of the clean, up to the minute Trail-er Parks,, in or near the city of your choice.

BUY YOUR TRAILER FROM .

JOE JONES TRAILERSALESGeorgia's Leading Trailer Sales

First in the State-Fourth in the Nation541.9 Victory Drive, Near Traffic Circle

ANNO U N CEM'E N T

MUSCOGEE MOTOR COMPANYTO-RE-OPEN ITSUSED CAR LOT

In 1942 we closed the largest individualused car sales lot in the South because wecould not buy used cars at fair values. Whennew car production was resumed after thewar we did not re-open our sales. lot becauseused cars were being sold by individualsand dealers at considerably more than whatwe considered their true values.

These two periods have passed, and byreason of the popularity of the new Chevro-let we are now in position to select ourtrade-ins, and pass them on to used car pur-_chasers at lower than market prices.

AS IN "PRE-WAR'" DAYSWE WILL OFFER

"Better Used Cars at Lowest Prices"MUSCOGEE MOTOR COMPANY1st AVE. at 15th ST. PHONE 2-0631

.Columbus, Ga. Phone 2-2632

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Georgia's Most CompleteOne-Stop

AUTO SALES and SERVICE

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-*.Road Service * Washing *Polishing'*.Simonizing

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WW *Specialized Lubrication 0Porcelainizing X

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80 Upholstering * Fender & Body Work 0, Tailored Seat Covers r-a A M AE0 KELLYSPINGElD TRESIO an TTERIES andULTA Z

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*sno. i*...benning herald vol. xix may, 1949 no. 10 the benning herald is published monthly by the...

Documents

sno. i...benning herald vol. xix may, 1949 no. 10 the benning herald is published monthly by the...