1. SOA with Ruby erubycon July 18, 2007 Zak MandhroSenior Manager BearingPoint, Inc Content of this document is covered under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license with the exception of BearingPoint copyrighted template, logo and trademark.

2. Agenda

Introduction to SOA

Discuss benefits of SOA

Review SOA-related Ruby libraries

Discuss use-cases for SOA with Ruby

3. What is Service-Oriented Architecture?

Choose the BEST answer:

A. A paradigm shift in software development

B. A way to integrated heterogeneous systems

C. A new name for distributed computing

D. The most hyped and overused buzzword of this industry

4. Definitions of SOA

A paradigm fororganizing and utilizing distributed capabilities... [A] uniform means to offer, discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effects... -OASIS[1]

An approach to building software as a set of autonomous, reusable and interoperable units of functionality using open standards.- Zak Mandhro

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture 5. Characteristics of SOA

Based on open standards

Interoperable

Autonomous

Reusable

Reliable

Discoverable

Loosely-Coupled

Stateless

Composable

Manageable

Secure

6. Core Components of SOA

SOAP : Simple Object Access Protocol

WSDL : Web Services Description Language

UDDI : Universal Discovery, Definition and Integration

BPEL : Business Process Execution Language

ESB : Enterprise Service Bus

WS-* : Web Services Standards

Foundation:XML and HTTP

7. Standards Galore Aka: WS death star http://roadmap.cbdiforum.com/reports/protocols/ 8. Benefits of SOA

Improve long-term value of software assets

Improve quality through modularity and testability

Reduce development time with composition and reusability

Leverage heterogeneous development environments

Avoid vendor and platform lock-in

Integrate with ERPs and Enterprise infrastructure software

9. Enter Ruby 10. Benefits ofRuby

Less code = Improved productivity

Meta-programming = Better APIs

Dynamic behavior = No stubs!

11. SOA-Related Ruby Libraries

Web Services Interoperability Basic Profile Version 1.0 *

Standard

XML 1.0

SOAP 1.1

WSDL 1.1

UDDI V2

* Source: http://www.ws-i.org/Profiles/BasicProfile-1.0-2004-04-16.html 12. SOA-Related Ruby Libraries

Web Services Interoperability Basic Profile Version 1.0 *

Standard Ruby Library

XML 1.0 REXML,others

SOAP 1.1 SOAP4R, AWS

WSDL 1.1 WSDL4R, AWS

UDDI V2 UDDI4R

* Source: http://www.ws-i.org/Profiles/BasicProfile-1.0-2004-04-16.html 13. Library Maturity Grade Scale

Criteria Grade

• Code A: Stable, mostly usable as is B: Beta, may require tweaking C: Alpha, will need fixing

• DocumentationA: Detailed, with examples B: Plenty of Ruby docs (RDOC) C: Learn from source code

• Testing A: More than 60% coverage B: More than 30% coverage C: Less than 30% coverage

Grades are informational only, and represent nothing more than my evaluation and personal opinion. 14. Ruby XML Libraries

Name :REXML

• Pros: Most popular. Comes standard with Ruby.

• Cons: A bit complex. Native Ruby, slower.

Name: libxml-Ruby

• Pros: Faster, binds to C library.

• Cons: Also complex. Binary dependency.

Other Libraries:

• ROXML (RubyForge) binds Ruby classes to XML

• XML::Simple and XML::Smart provide simpler APIs

• Rails 'to_xml' method builds XML from models

• Builder::XmlMarkup provides builder-style XML creation

REXML Score Code: A Doc: A Tests: A libxml-R Score Code: B Doc: B Tests: B 15. SOAP 1.1 with Ruby

Project Name:SOAP4R

Purpose:Ruby library for Simple Object Access Protocol 1.1

Features

• Inter-operable web services clients

• Standalone SOAP server

• SOAP with attachments

• Basic authentication and SSL

• RPC-encoded style

• Document-literal style

SOAP4R Score Code: A Doc: C Tests: A 16. WSDL for Ruby

Project Name:WSDL4R

Purpose:Generate Ru by code from Web Services Descriptions (WSDL)

Features

• Packaged with SOAP4R

• Dynamic Web Services clients (no stubs!)

• WSDL from Ruby web services

• Ruby classes from XML schemas (XSD)

• Command-line tools wsdl2ruby and xsd2ruby

Maturity Score Code: B Doc: C Tests: B 17. UDDI for Ruby

Project Name:UDDI4R

Purpose:Dynamic discovery and binding of web services

UDDI Version 2.0 Client

Features

• All UDDI Version 2.0 inquiry operations

• Built on ROXML

• Disclaimer: I am the lead developer for UDDI4R

Maturity Score Code: B Doc: B Tests: A 18. Web Services for Rails

Project Name:Action Web Services

Purpose:Simple web services provider

Designed for building APIs over Ruby on Rails applications

Features

• RPC-Encoded web services only

• Dynamic WSDL at runtime

• Packaged with Ruby on Rails (for now)

Maturity Score Code: A Doc: B Tests: A 19. What's Missing

WS-I Basic Profile 1.1

• Newer versions of standards

WS-I Security Profile 1.0

• WSS4R is work-in-process library

Better documentation

• SOAP4R and WSDL4R need tutorials

Important WS-* Standards

• Can be built on existingfoundationlibraries

20. Use cases for SOA with Ruby

Ruby can be aproductiveway to:

Build web applications over web services

Write web services tests with minimal code

Write custom web services monitoring and management

Integrate ERPs, COTS and custom applications

Write SOA glue-code, e.g. custom transformation

Perform programmatic web services orchestration

Develop basic web services

21. Questions and Answers My blog:http://mandhro.com UDDI4R:http://uddi4r.rubyforge.org SOAP4R & WSDL4R:http://dev.ctor.org/soap4r REXML:http://www.germane-software.com/software/rexml/ libxml-Ruby:http://libxml.rubyforge.org