soc 1-2 the origins of sociology final
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
1/41
INTRODUCTION
TO
SOCIOLOGY
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
2/41
THE ORIGINSOF
SOCIOLOGY
Lecture 1
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
3/41
Definition:
Sociology derived from two words:
Socius Latin word for society.
Logos Greek word for knowledge.
Knowledge at a high level scientificknowledge.
Sociology is the scientific study of human sociallife, groups, and societies.
Science includes: empirical + logical
It is a rigorous study. Not just common sense. Itis a systematic study
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
4/41
No sociology as a distinct
discipline before theadvent of 19th century.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
5/41
3factors led to the dev of sociology
The first was the industrial revolution.
Urbanization.
The second factor that stimulated the
development of sociology was imperialism
The third impetus for the development of
sociology was the success of the naturalsciences
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
6/41
First Factor
By the mid 19th
century Europe waschanging from agriculture to factory
production. Emergence of new occupations
as well as new avenues of employmentaway from the land
Masses of people migrated to cities in search
of jobs. Pull and push factors People in these industrial cities developed new
ideas about democracy and political rights
Ideas about nation states
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
7/41
Second Factor Europeans successfully conquered many
parts of the world. Exposure to radically
different cultures.
Startled by these contrasting ways of life,
they began to ask why cultures differed
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
8/41
Third Factor
People moved to question fundamental
aspects of their social world.
They started using the scientific method
(systematic observation, objectivity) to
the study of human behavior.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
9/41
Auguste Comte
The idea of applying the scientific
method to the social world, known aspositivism, was apparently first
proposed by Auguste Comte(1798-
1857).
Auguste Comte happened to be a
French Mathematician.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
10/41
Comte became interested in
the two interrelated issues:
Social statics. Order, stability Social dynamics. change
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
11/41
Social statics What holds the society together
(Why is there a social order)?
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
12/41
Social dynamics
What causes it to change?
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
13/41
Comte concluded:
The right way to answer such questions was
to apply the scientific method to social life.
There must be laws that underlie the
society. Discover these principles by applying
scientific method to social world.
Apply these principles for social reform
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
14/41
Science of Sociology
This will be a new science and
Comte named it as Sociology(1838) the study of society.
Comte is credited with being the
founder of sociology
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
15/41
Other early pioneers in sociology Herbert Spenser (1820-1903)
Englishman.
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
German.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
French Max Weber (1864-1920)
German.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
16/41
Subject Matter
of
Sociology
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
17/41
The Fields of Sociology
Big diversity in fields of
interest.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
18/41
Biosociology
Collective Behaviour/Social MovementsCommunity
Comparative Sociology//Macrosociology
Criminal JusticeCriminology/Delinquency
Cultural Sociology
DemographyDevelopment/Modernization
Deviant Behaviour/Social Disorganization
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
19/41
Economy and Society
Education
Environmental Sociology
Ethnomethodology
History of Sociology/ Social Thought
Human Ecology
Industrial Sociology
International development/Third World
Law and SocietyLeisure/Sports/Recreation
Marriage and the Family
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
20/41
Mass Communication/Public Opinion
Mathematical sociology
Medical Sociology
Methodology: QualitativeApproaches
Methodology: QuantitativeApproaches
Microcomputing/ComputerApplications
Military Sociology
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
21/41
Occupations/Professions
Penology/Corrections
Political Sociology
Race/Ethnic/Minority Relations
Religion
Rural Sociology
Small Groups
Social Change
Social ControlSocial Networks
Social Organizations/formal/complex
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
22/41
Social Psychology
Socialization
Sociological Practice/Social Policy
Sociology ofAging/Social Gerontology
Sociology ofArt/Literature
Sociology of Knowledge
Sociology of Language/Social Linguistics
Sociology of Markets
Sociology of Mental HealthSociology of Science
Sociology of Sex and Gender
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
23/41
Sociology of Work
Sociology of World Conflict
Stratification/Mobility
Theory
Urban SociologyVisual Sociology
Source:American Sociological association Guide to Graduate
departments, 1992 : 290-308.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
24/41
Thank You
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
25/41
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
26/41
Lecture 2
THE SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
27/41
Perspective means: A view, or
An outlook, or An approach, or
An imagination.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
28/41
Sociological Perspective:
An approach to understandinghuman behavior by placing it
within its broader socialcontext.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
29/41
Human lives seem to follow
certain predictable pattern
y Our lives do not unfoldaccording to sheer chance.
y Nor do we decide for ourselves
how to live, acting on what iscalled free will.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
30/41
For human beings the existence
of society is essential:
For the survival of humanchild Nature
For social experience Nurture
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
31/41
Cases of isolated children:
A
nna [discovered at age 5] Isabelle [discovered at age 6]
Genie [discovered at age 13]
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
32/41
Focus on:
Seeing the general in t
hepartic
ular
Identifying general patterns in the
behavior of particular people.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
33/41
Look
Society acts differently on various
categories of people (childrencompared to adults; women
compared to men)
General categories to which webelong shape our experiences.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
34/41
Age is socialconstruction .
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
35/41
Societies define thestages of life differently
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
36/41
Gender is also a socialconstruction
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
37/41
Society affects what we do.
Suicide a personal matter.Individuality in social context.
Look at the social forces that areat work.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
38/41
Society determineswho we are
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
39/41
Conclusion General categories to which we
belong shape our experiences. This is called sociological
imagination.
(C. Wright Mills).
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
40/41
Think sociologically
cultivating sociological
imagination.
-
8/8/2019 Soc 1-2 the Origins of Sociology Final
41/41