HANSON CHAPTER 12HALLUCINOGENS

SOC 204 Drugs & Society

Do you know someone who has used hallucinogens in the last 30 days?

A. Yes

B. No

YesNo

59%

41%

Hallucinogens

Naming this class of drugs is complex

Have you used hallucinogens in the last 30 days?

A. Yes

B. No

YesNo

89%

11%

Hallucinogens – EVER?

A. Yes

B. No

Yes No

74%

26%

Terms Hallucinogens

Drugs that induce perceived distortions in time and space

Phantasticants Term used to describe drugs that create a fantasy world

Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) A term that controversially implies a beneficial, visionary type of

effect

Psychotomimetic Refers to drugs that produce psychotic-like symptoms

Psychotogenic Refers to drugs that generate psychosis

Classical Phantastica

Alter perceptions while allowing the user to remain in communication with the present world

Indole hallucinogens

Serotonin

LSD, psilocybin

Catechol hallucinogens

Norepinephrine & dopamine

Mescaline, MDMA, belladonna, amanita muscaria

Deliriants

Produce more mental confusion, greater clouding of consciousness, and a loss of touch with reality

Anticholinergic hallucinogens

Acetylcholine

PCP, ketamine

Hallucinogens

About 6,000 different types of plants are capable of altering consciousness

About 150 plants are used for hallucinogenic purposes

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are synthetic hallucinogens

LSD Discovery

Synthesized from alkaloids extracted from the ergot fungus

Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann developed LSD as a possible headache remedy in 1938

Albert Hofmann, who was responsible for developing LSD, died from an LSD overdose soon after developing the drug.

A. True.

B. False. He died at 57, jumping off a roof during a flashback.

C. False. He lived to be 102 and died of natural causes.

True.

False

. He d

ied at

57, j

um...

False

. He li

ved to

be 1

02...

30%35%35%

Early Use of LSD

Theories of Benefit

Psychotherapy

Enhanced understanding

Military Experiments

At one time, hallucinogenic drugs were associated with witchcraft and sorcery.

A. True

B. False

True

False

0%

100%

Timothy Leary

Experiments on Harvard graduate students

Religion: League of Spiritual Discovery

At twice its normal dosage, LSD can be fatal.

A. True

B. False

True

False

100%

0%

Pharmacology

Mouse Party Different hallucinogens are classified by which

neurotransmitter they impact

Tolerance develops rapidly

Metabolized by liver, half-life is approximately 3 hours

No physical dependence or withdrawal symptoms

LSD

A. Is the most potent psychoactive chemical known to man

B. Causes a distressing withdrawal syndrome

C. Does not create tolerance

Is th

e most

pote

nt psy

ch...

Causes a

dist

ress

ing w

it...

Does not c

reat

e tole

rance

80%

15%5%

Trips

Perceptions Altered

Visual Images

Time Altered

Synesthesia

Emotionality

6-9 hours

Unique and variable experiences

The phenomenon of hearing colors or seeing sounds is called:

A. Flashback

B. Trip

C. Synesthesia

D. Overdose

Flash

back Trip

Synest

hesia

Overd

ose

0% 0%

84%

16%

Use of LSD makes one more creative.

A. True

B. False

True

False

30%

70%

Adverse Reactions

Bad Trips

Panic Reactions

Flashbacks

LSD has been shown to be as addictive as heroin.

A. True

B. False

True

False

75%

25%

Discussion 7

PRO GROUP – list 3-4 reasons to use hallucinogens in a therapeutic setting

CON GROUP – list 3-4 reasons to NOT use hallucinogens in a therapeutic setting

BOTH GROUPS – what safeguards should be in place if/when these drugs are used?

BOTH GROUPS – do you believe these drugs enhance creativity or spirituality or emotional expression? Why or why not??

Expert Group Activity

Study the hallucinogen

What is it?

How is it used?

How is it regulated?

What are the effects?

Are there negative effects or warnings?

Psilocybin “Magic Mushrooms”

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

PeyoteMescaline

MDMA - Ecstasy

How is your group project going?A. Splendid, thanks for

asking.

B. Okay – just okay.

C. Michelle, we’ve got problems.

D. To be honest, I haven’t really thought about it, but I’m sure it will be fine.

Splendid

, thanks f

or ask

ing.

Okay –

just

okay.

Mich

elle, w

e’ve got p

ro...

To be h

onest, I

haven’t

re...

30%

39%

4%

26%

PCP (Phencyclidine)

BelladonnaMandrakeHenbaneDatura

Amanita Muscaria

Salvia Divinorum

Morning GloryHawaiian Baby Woodrose

Do you agree with using hallucinogens for psychotherapeutic purposes?

A. Yes

B. No

Yes No

32%

68%

Therapeutic Use of Hallucinogens

What are the pros for this kind of use?

RESEARCH?

Which drugs?

Which disorders?

What are the cons?

What safeguards should be in place?