SOC SCI 11

Philippine History with Philippine Constitution and Governance

Pre-colonial (Traditional) Philippines

Civilization the complex whole which includes knowledge,

belief, art, moral, law, custom, and many other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society

Common Traits Hospitality Close family ties Respect for elders Naturally fatalistic Loyalty to a friend or benefactor sensitive Naturally curious Regionalistic cooperative

Early Customs and Practices Clothing – Kangan and bahag; baro/camisa

and saya, patadyong, tapis House – made up of wood, bamboo, and nipa

palm Social classes – (i) nobles (ii) freemen (iii)

slaves The position of women – women as equal of

men Language – more than a hundred, eight of

which may be considered as major languages

Foreign Influences Hinduization Sinification Islamization

Nation as an Imagined Community

Benedict Anderson

Imagined Community 1983 IMAGINED - the members of even the smallest

nations will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion

COMMUNITY - regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings

Coming of the West

Crusade Crusaders tasted different spices that cannot

easily be bought in Europe Venice and Goa merchants – the only

merchants who had good relations with the Sultan of Egypt

Portuguese and Spaniards weren’t able to join the trading system

They tried to find other countries rich in spice

Pope Alexander VI Portugal – African route (East) Spain – India (West) 1943 – Papal Line of Demarcation –

(i) West – Spain (ii) Portugal

Magellan The king of Portugal didn’t offer help to

Magellan He went to King Charles I of Spain 20 September 1519 5 ships, 235 men 1519 – Guam 1521 – Samar Sebastian de Cano – to Moluccas – November

1521 8 September 1522 – Spain Victoria (the only ship left)

Spanish Colonization and Colonial System

Aims of Spanish Colonization (3Gs)

God – chief policy of converting the natives to Christianity

Gold – arose out of the keen struggle among imperialist European nations to control the fabulous spices of Mullucas

Glory – enhance fame and prestige of Spain By acquiring the Philippines, Spain became the first global empire in modern times. King Phillip II was the first monarch in history to boast with justifiable pride that the sun never set on Spanish territory, for when it rose in Madrid, it was still early afternoon of the preceding day in Manila.

Colonial System Encomienda System Polo y Servicios

Awakening More than 100 revolts against Spain Lakan Dula, Raha Sulayman, Magat Salamat,

Agustin de Legaspi, Magalat, Bankaw, Tamblot, Sumoroy, Maniago, Malong, Dagohoy, Silang, Palaris, Apolinario dela Cruz

Causes of Revolts Against Spain Economic – agrarian disputes with the friars

who grabbed the lands of the natives (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna)

Religious – Spanish religious bigotry; some wanted to go back to the worship of their ancestral gods (Igorot, Tamblot, Bankaw, Tapar, Apolinario dela Cruz)

Historical Factors of National Awakening Opening of the Philippines to the World Emergence of the enlightened middle class Spanish Revolution of 1868 Opening of the Suez Canal Secularization Movement Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

Opening of the Philippines to the World Prior to 1834, with the exception of Manila-

Mexico contact (1656-1821), the Philippines was virtually isolated by Spain from world influence i.e. foreign books (and ideas) were banned!

Emergence of the enlightened middle class Were able to send their children to school

(UST, Ateneo, Letran, Santa Isabel, Santa Catalina, La Concordia)

Rizal, del Pilar, Paterno, Ponce

Spanish Revolution of 1868

Resulted to the triumph of liberalism in Spain Led to the restoration of Philippine

representation in the Philippines

Opening of the Suez Canal

17 November 1869 Shortened the sailing distance between

Barcelona and Manila Facilitated travel and communication

Influx of Liberal Ideas Enlightened ideas of Rouseau (Social

Contract), Candide (Voltaire) Filipino intellectuals imbibed the liberal ideas

read

GOMBURZA’s martyrdom Cavite Mutiny of 1872 El Fili – Rizal’s tribute to the Martyrs

Spread of Nationalism

The Propaganda Movement Since 1872, matters went from bad to worse in

the Philippines– deportation of Filipino leaders to the Spanish penal colonies, persecution of innocent intellectuals etc.)

Publicity to expose to the Spanish nation and the world the anomalies of Spanish rule in the Philippines

Propagandist – not revolutionaries who advocated a bloody revolution against Spain, they were reformist who desired only reforms for the better government and for the welfare of their oppressed people

The Propagandists Triumvirate – Rizal (Laguna); del Pilar

(Bulacan); Lopez Jaena (Iloilo) Mariano Ponce – Medical student, historian,

folklorist Antonio Luna – pharmacist, essayist Pedro Paterno – doctor of law Jomapa – linguist and essayist Isabelo delos Reyes – folklorist, historian Apolinario Mabini – lawyer and political prisoner Juan Luna FR Hidalgo

Supporters of the Propaganda Movement Ferdinand Blumentritt – Austrian scholar Miguel Morayta – Spanish historian, Rizal’s

professor at Universidad de Madrid Francisco Pi y Margal – Spanish statesman

and former President of the first Spanish Republic

Reforms Advocated by the Propaganda Movement Restoration of Philippine representation in the

Spanish Cortes Equality before the law Filipinization or secularization Establishment of a public school system,

without friar supervision, with qualified teachers receiving good salaries

Creation of vocational schools of arts and trades in the capital towns of the provinces

La Solidaridad Organ of the Propaganda (lived for almost

seven years) MH Del Pilar – Plaridel Rizal – Laong Laan Mariano Ponce – Naning, Tigbalang, Kalipulako Antonio Luna – Taga-Ilog

Ten Commandments of the Friars Thou shalt worship and love the friars above all. Thou shalt not cheat them of their stipends. Thou shalt sanctify the friars, Sundays or holidays. Thou shall pawn thyself to pay for the burial of thy

father and mother. Thou shouldst not die if thou hast not the money to

pay for thine internment. Thou shalt not covet his wife. Thou shalt not steal with him. Thou shalt not accuse him even if thou be called a liar. Though shalt not refuse him your wife. Thou shalt not deny him your property.

Enemies of the propaganda movement Fray Miguel Lucio Bustamante – wrote the

malicious book in Tagalog language ‘Si Tandang Basio Maconat’ (1885) – asserted that the Filipinos are stupid and incapable of attaining high culture; hence, they should be happy to love in ignorance

Father Jose Rodriguez and Salvador Font – attackers of Rizal’s ‘Noli Me Tangere’

KATIPUNAN Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan on the

very night that the news of Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan leaked out.

7 July 1892 – Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodata Arellano and a few others

Objectives1.Moral – good manners, hygiene, good moral,

etc.2.Political – separation of the Philippines from

Spain3.Civic – defense of the poor and oppressed