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Fatima Joy M. Fajardo

BSS-3

I. History of Soccer  

Soccer is one of the most popular sports in Europe and the Americas. It has a vivid andinterestin history in the !orld of sports. Early evidence of soccer "ein played as a sport finds

occurrence in #hina durin the $nd and 3rd centuries B#. In #hina% it !as durin the &an dynasty that

people dri""led leather "alls "y 'ic'in it into a small net. (ecorded facts also support the fact that

(omans and )ree's used to play "all for fun and frolic. Some facts point to *yoto in Japan !here 'ic'in

of "all !as a popular sport.It is said that early ro!th of the modern soccer started in Enland. Some amusin facts even

mention that the first "all used !as the head of some +anish "riand. It is said that durin medieval

times% the old form of soccer used to allo! many ill practices li'e 'ic'in% punchin% "itin and ouin.

,he main aim !as to carry the "all to a taret spot. eople re! so fond of the ame that they !ould

thron the field all day lon. Sometimes the competition re! fierce and masses ot so !ild that there

!ere freuent incidents of violence durin the ame. It is also said that soldiers admired the ame so

much that they missed archery practice to !atch it.*in Ed!ard III "anned soccer in /301 o!in to the ro!in incidents of violence and military

indulence in the sport. In /2$2 *in James I of Scotland also proclaimed in the arliament 45a man

play at the Fute-"all4 65o man shall play foot"all7.8hen and !here e9actly did soccer start is a uestion that has no precise ans!er to it. :ou can

easily say that this popular ame has "een played for more than three thousand years. ,he nativity of 

modern-day soccer must "e credited to Britain. It !as also 'no!n as the association foot"all% !ith

Scotland and Enland "ein the co-founders of the systematic ame of soccer.

Modern History of Soccer: 18th Century Onward

In /;/1% a major development too' place that made soccer popular in <niversities% #ollees and

Schools. ,he popular Enlish School and Eton #ollee came forth !ith a set of rules% 'no!n as the#am"ride (ules. Foot"all !as sereated into t!o roups= some collees and schools opted for (u"y

rules that allo!ed trippin% shin 'ic'in and also carryin the "all. ,hese rules !ere e9clusively prohi"ited

as per the #am"ride rules.*in Ed!ard III "anned soccer in /301% o!in to the ro!in incidents of violence and military

indulence in the sport.,he history of modern-day soccer !as esta"lished in /;03. In >cto"er /;03% eleven

representatives from ?ondon clu"s and schools met at the Freemason@s ,avern to set up common

fundamental rules to control the matches amonst themselves. ,he outcome of this meetin !as the

formation of the Foot"all Association. In +ecem"er /;03% the (u"y Foot"all and Association foot"all

finally split as the supporters of the (u"y School rules !al'ed out.Firmly esta"lishin the foundation of soccer in /;0% the Foot"all Association strictly "anned any

'ind of handlin of the "all. Soccer@s popularity spread rapidly durin the /;s as British sailors% tradersand soldiers introduced the sport to different parts of the lo"e.

Italians% Austrians and )ermans dre! to Europe% !hile Arentina% <ruuay and BraCil adopted the

sport in South America. FIFA !as esta"lished in the year /2 and "y early /3s% different leaues !ere

operatin from various countries. FIFA is credited !ith oraniCin the first !orld cup in <ruuay. ,he

history of soccer is rich !ith events% development and its ro!in craCe all over the !orld. :ou !ill find

yourself amaCed as you learn a"out different times of this !onderful sport that has held our a!e and

admiration for over 3 years.

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II. Rules of the Game

Law 1: he !ield of "lay

Soccer can "e played on either rass or artificial turf% "ut the surface must "e reen in color. ,he field

must "e rectanular in shape% and distinctly mar'ed "y t!o short oal lines and t!o lon-touch lines. ,he

field is divided into halves% separated "y the half!ay line% !hich runs from the midpoints of each touchline.

 At the midpoint of the half!ay line is a mar'ed center point surrounded "y a lined center circle !ith aradius of / yards. >pposin players are not allo!ed to enter this circle durin the possessin team@s

'ic'-off. ,he lenth of the touch line must "e reater than the lenth of the oal line.

(eulation lenths areD

• ,ouch lineD Minimum meters 6/ yards7% ma9imum /$ meters 6/3 yards7

• 8idth 6oal line7D Minimum 21 m 61 yds7% ma9imum m 6/ yds7.

•  At each end of the field is an eiht-yard-!ide oal centered alon the oal line.

• Si9 yards from each oal post alon the oal line and si9 yards out into the field 6perpendicular to

the oal line7 is the oal "o9.

• E9tendin /; yards from each oal post alon the oal line and /; yards out into the field

6perpendicular to the oal line7 is the penalty "o9.

• In each of the four corners of the field is a five-foot-hih corner fla.

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Law #: he Soccer $all

• ,he circumference of a soccer "all must not "e more than $; inches 6 centimeters7 and not

less than $ ins. 60; cm7.

•

,he siCe 1 "all% used "y aes /$ and a"ove% is spherical and made of leather or some other suita"le material.

• It must not !eih more than /0 ounces 621 rams7 and not less than /2 oC. 62/ 7 at the start

of a match.

• ,he "all must "e of a pressure eual to .0 /./ atmosphere 60 /% Gcm$7 at sea level

6;.1 I"s.Gs. in /1.0 I"s.Gs. in7.

Law %: he &um'er of "layers

 A match is played "y t!o teams% !ith each allo!ed no more than // players on the field at any one time%

one of !hom is a oal'eeper. A match may not start if either team has fe!er than seven players . FIFA-

sanctioned matches are enerally limited to three su"stitutions per match% !ith the e9ception of friendly

matches.

Law (: he "layers) *+ui,ment

,he FIFA H?a!s of the )ame@ state that players are not allo!ed to use euipment or !ear anythin that is

danerous to himself or any other player 6includin any 'ind of je!elry7.

 A player@s "asic euipment consists of a jersey or shirt !ith sleeves% shorts% stoc'ins% shinpads and

foot!ear.

Law -: he Referee

,he referee has the full authority to enforce the la!s of the ame and his decision is final. &e controls the

match in cooperation !ith the assistant referees% and !here applica"le% the fourth official . ,he referee

ensures that the "all and players euipment meets the reuirements% acts as time'eeper and stops play

for infrinement of the la!s amon several other duties.

Law : he /ssistant Referee

In professional soccer there are t!o assistant referees !hose jo" it is to call offsides and thro!-ins% and

help the referee ma'e decisions. #arryin a fla to sinal their o"servations% assistant referees% or 

linesmen as they are commonly 'no!n% must monitor the sidelines and oal lines and fla if the "all oes

out of play% sinalin !hich team the oal 'ic' or thro!-in should "e a!arded to.

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Law 0: he uration of the Match

Matches consist of t!o 21 minute halves% unless the t!o teams and referee aree other!ise "efore the

start of play. ,he half-time interval must not e9ceed /1 minutes% and can only "e altered upon consent of 

the referee. A referee may play added time "ecause of su"stitutions% assessment of injuries% removal of 

injured players from the field of play% time !astin and any other cause.   An a"andoned match is replayed

unless the competition rules state other!ise.

Law 8: he Start and Restart of "lay

 A coin is tossed and the team that !ins the toss decides !hich oal it !ill attac' in the first half of thematch. ,he other team ta'es the 'ic'-off to start the match. ,he team that !ins the toss ta'es the 'ic'-off to start the second half of the match. In the second half of the match% the teams chane ends and attac'the opposite oals.*ic'-off is the !ay of startin or restartin playD

- ,o "ein a match

- If a oal has "een scored

- ,o "ein the second half 

- ,o "ein a period of e9tra-time.

Law 2: he $all in and out of "lay

,he "all is out of play !henD 6/7 It has !holly crossed the oalline or touchline. 6$7 lay has "een stopped

"y the referee. ,he "all is in play at all other times% includin !henD 6/7 It re"ounds off a oalpost%

cross"ar or corner fla and stays on the field. 6$7 8hen it hits a referee or assistant referee !hen they are

on the field.

Law 13: he Method of Scorin4

 A oal is scored !hen the !hole of the "all crosses the !hole of the oalline "et!een the posts and

cross"ar% provided there is no infrinement such as offside% a foul or hand"all. ,he team that scores the

most oals !ins the match. If the num"er of oals scored "et!een the t!o sides is eual at the end of amatch% it is a dra!. 8hen competition rules reuire that there must "e a !inner% the outcome !ill "e

decided "y eitherD 6/7 A!ay oals rule. 6$7 E9tra-time. 637 enalty 'ic's.

Law 11: he Offside

,he la! states that if a player is in an offside position !hen the "all is played to him or touched "y a

teammate% he may not "ecome actively involved in the play. A player is in an offside position if he is closer 

to the oal line than "oth the "all and the second-to-last defender% "ut only if he is in the opposition half of 

the field.

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Law 1#: !ouls and Misconduct

 A direct free 'ic' is a!arded !hen a playerD

• *ic's or attempts to 'ic' an opponent

• ,rips or attempts to trip an opponent

• Jumps at an opponent

• #hares an opponent

• Stri'es or attempts to stri'e an opponent

• ushes an opponent

• ,ac'les an opponent

• &olds an opponent

• Spits at an opponent

• &andles the "all deli"erately

If any of these are fouls are committed "y a player in their team@s penalty area% the opposin team is

a!arded a penalty 'ic'. Indirect free 'ic's are a!arded if a playerD

• lays in a danerous manner 

• Impedes the proress of an opponent

• revents the oal'eeper from releasin the "all from hisGher hands

• #ommits any other unmentioned offense

:ello! cards are a!arded as a caution or !arnin to a player and can "e issued for the follo!in

offensesD

• <nsportin "ehavior 

• +issent "y !ord or action

• ersistent infrinement of the ?a!s of the )ame

• +elayin the restart of play

• Failure to respect the reuired distance !hen play is restarted !ith a corner 'ic'%free 'ic'% or 

thro!-in

• Enterin or re-enterin the field of play !ithout the referee@s permission

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• +eli"erately leavin the field of play !ithout the referee@s permission

(ed cards are used to send a player off the field% and can "e issued for the follo!in offensesD

• Serious foul play

• iolent conduct

• Spittin at an opponent or any other person

• +enyin the opposin team a oal or an o"vious oal-scorin opportunity "y deli"erately handlin

the "all 6the oal'eeper "ein an e9ception7

• +enyin an o"vious oal-scorin opportunity to an opponent movin to!ards the player@s oal "y

an offense punisha"le "y a free 'ic' or a penalty 'ic'

• <sin offensive or a"usive lanuae andGor estures

• (eceivin a second caution 6yello! card7 in the same match

Law 1%: !ree 5ic6s

Free 'ic's are either direct or indirect% and the "all must "e stationary !hen the 'ic' is ta'en. ,he 'ic'er 

must not touch the "all aain until it has touched another player. Free *ic' is "ro'en into t!o cateories%

direct and indirect. A direct 'ic' can "e shot directly into the opponent@s oal !ithout touchin another 

player. An indirect free 'ic' is indicated "y the referee raisin his hand durin the 'ic'. An indirect 'ic' can

only o into the oal if it has su"seuently "een touched "y another player "efore it enters the oal. ,he

"all must "e stationary for "oth types of 'ic's.

Law 1(: he "enalty 5ic6

Feintin in the run up to ta'in a  penalty  'ic' to confuse the oal'eeper is permitted. &o!ever% feintin to

'ic' the "all once the player has completed his run up is considered an act of unsportin "ehavior for 

!hich the player must "e cautioned "y the referee.

Preparing for the penalty kick 

,he referee must confirm the follo!in "efore the 'ic' is ta'enD

- ,he 'ic'er is identified

- ,he "all is placed properly on the penalty mar'

- ,he oal'eeper is on the oal line "et!een the posts and facin the 'ic'er 

 All other players on the field are:

- >utside the penalty area

- >utside the penalty arc

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- Behind the "all.

Law 1-: he hrow7In

 A thro!-in is a!arded !hen the possessin team plays the "all out of "ounds over the touchline. 8hile

ta'in a thro!-in% a player must release the "all !ith "oth hands simultaneously and 'eep "oth feet firmly

planted on the round. If these conditions are not met% play is stopped and the thro!-in is iven to the

opposin team. layers are not allo!ed to score directly off a thro!-in.

Law 1: he Goal 5ic6

 A oal 'ic' is a!arded !hen the offensive team plays the "all out of "ounds over the defensive team@s

oal line. After the "all is out of play% the defender or oal'eeper may place the "all any!here !ithin the

si9-yard oal "o9 and 'ic' the "all "ac' into play.

Law 10: he Corner 5ic6

 A corner 'ic' is a!arded to the offensive team !hen the defensive team plays the "all out of "ounds over 

its oal line. ,he "all is placed !ithin the corner area and is 'ic'ed "ac' into play "y the offensive team.

layers can score directly off a corner 'ic'.