social analysis new
TRANSCRIPT
SOCIAL “a positive value”,
namely an attitude or structure which cares for neighbors, either in the sense of doing good to the poor or in the sense of a just social structure
ANALYSIS the examination of
something in detail in order to understand it better or draw conclusions from it
Systematic way of understanding current realities and situations by analyzing data from all perspectives
Putting things together (by relating one issue to another) and looking at it from all possible perspectives
IN THE NARROW SENSE:
an attempt to analyze a situation or a social problem objectively
IN THE BROADER SENSE:
an attempt to change the situation or solve the analyzed problem
Personal:
family problem/s
no venue for participation
Low grades
Depression =
=
low self- confidence +
relationship problem
+
▪Society:
Child labor
= financial problem + cultural acceptance
+ poor government services +
poor law implementation + business sector
▪Society:
Prostitution
= rape victim
low perception of self- worth
+
+ high demand
+financial problem
women as object + poor justice system
For the effective involvement of social actors in social change, they should know the direction of their transforming actions
Appreciate what is being done Correct wrongdoings/ actions Further build on the strong points
Tools of Analysis
o help in understanding and allowing us to read, in a scientific approach, the concrete social realityo will illumine the factors contributing to poverty and, hence, guide development professionals where to initiate programs and focus initially their actionso help to identify how and where to start social actions
o interpreting the factso giving meaning to realityo understanding the interrelationships
using just one tool is inadequate and can
be myopic
Historical Analysis
Structural Analysis
Class AnalysisGender AnalysisEnvironmental Analysis
Tool of Analysis
Pre-Colonial
Pre-Colonial
The Spanish Period
The Spanish Period
Reform and Revolution
Reform and Revolution
The American
Period
The American
Period
The War
Years
The War
Years
The Third
Republic
The Third
Republic
20th 21st Century
Philippines
20th 21st Century
Philippines
Early Customs and PracticesSocial Classes o nobles – chiefs and their families, with influence
in the barangay and enjoyed rights that were not usually enjoyed by the other members of the society
o freemen or mahadlika – free men and likewise of dependents who had earned their freedom
o dependents or alipin – acquired his/her low status in society by inheritance, by captivity in war, by failing to pay his debts, by purchase, or by committing a crime for which he was duly sentenced
The Position of Women – customary laws gave them the right to be the equal of men, for they could own and inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and succeed to the chieftainship of a barangay in the absence of a male heir; they had exclusive rights to give names to their children
Government – barangay ruled by a chieftain
Laws – customary or writtenTrial by Ordeal – resorted to in order
to show that God in His infinite wisdom always took the side of the innocent
Religious Beliefs – believed in the immortality of the soul and in life after death
Educational Transformation boy’s and girl’s schools and colleges subjects taught were in the 3 Rs,
Christian doctrine, morality and history (taught by the parish priest), general geography and Spanish history, agriculture, rules of courtesy, vocal music and Spanish language
pupils were forbidden to speak their own dialects
Economic Institutions – taxation, polo y servicio, galleon trade, infrastructure, telecommunications, and public utilities development
Social Transformation – adoption of Hispanic names, fiestas honoring the saints
The Campaign for Reforms – execution of the 3 Filipino priests was a turning point in Philippine history The sons of the wealthy and the well-to-do
Filipino families migrated to Europe to breathe the free atmosphere of the Old World and initiated a sustained campaign for reforms in the administration of the Philippines
In the homeland, the Filipino intellectuals secretly collaborated with those in Spain and founded nationalistic societies
Bonifacio and the Katipunan – founded on a radical platform, namely, to secure the independence and freedom of the Philippines by force of arms
The Malolos Republic – Aguinaldo established the Dictatorial Government and a month later the Revolutionary Government
Treaty of Paris – gave the Philippines to the US
Progress in Education American’s greatest contribution to the
Philippine civilization is the system of public education
Compelled the Filipinos to learn the English language
Public Health and Welfare Americans set to minimize the spread of
diseases and to improve, on the other hand, the health of the people
Trade, Commerce, and Industry Free trade relations
Transportation and Communication Cars, trucks, and railway cars; railroad
lines to the north and south of Luzon; interisland shipping; telephone and telegraph lines, and radio
Political Consciousness Founding of political parties, elections
Language and Literature One of the most lasting American
influences in the Philippines is the development of a Filipino literature in English and the adoption of American words and phrases in the Philippine languages, particularly in Tagalog
Negative Results American goods and services were at
first considered luxuries but after 45 years of occupation, they became necessities – this conditioning of the Filipino mind to the American standard of living has made them economically dependent on the US – this resulted to the neglect and consequent death of Filipino industries
Negative Results While the Spaniards almost killed the Filipinos by
maltreatment, the Americans, on the other hand, almost smothered the Filipinos with “kindness”
The Spaniards softened the Filipinos by inflicting physical and spiritual injuries on them; the Americans softened the Filipinos by pampering their stomach
The first became a negative factor in the development of Filipino nationalism; the second became a positive factor in the de-Filipinization of the Filipinos
Negative Results partial loss of their racial heritage the ties that bind the family have been
loosened the love of their language and culture has
been replaced by the adoration of the American language and culture
the traditional communal unity has to a certain extent been superimposed upon by the “let-well-enough-alone” philosophy
Negative Results Success is measured in terms of material
possession as purveyed by American movies He/she is successful who earns a “fast buck”;
he/she is successful who has made millions out of nothing; he/she is successful if, in spite of his illiteracy, he/she wins a congressional or municipal seat
The people as a rule have lost their sense of values Values to them are those that can be turned into
hard cash; if they are not or can’t, they are valueless
Negative Results Filipinos excel as imitators but their
imitation is usually limited to the seamy aspect of American life
Gangsterism, juvenile delinquency, promiscuous love affairs, betrayal, racketeering, graft and corruption – all these have been brought to the Philippines through Hollywood
Japanese Occupation Civil liberties were suppressed by the
enemy The economy was geared to the demands
of the Japanese war efforts Education was revamped to re-orient
Filipino thinking along Japanese lines Political life was limited to the Japanese-
sponsored Republic Thousands upon thousands were
executed and imprisoned
Post-War Problems and the Republic The basic problem that confronted the
Commonwealth and later, the Republic, was economic – buildings, school houses, roads, bridges, livestock, sugar mills, agriculture, and banking institutions had to be rehabilitated or reconstructed
The US gave material and financial aid to the Philippines on condition that the Philippine Constitution should be amended in order to give the Americans parity rights in the exploitation of the country’s natural resources
Under Martial Law The increasing difficulties besetting the
country and the failure of the successive administration to cope with the continuing crises, especially in the socio-economic field, led to massive discontent that found eloquent expressions in student demonstrations – student power, “parliament of the streets”
The EDSA Revolution Ninoy Aquino, Jr was assassinated Demonstrations escalated Marcos called a snap election to legitimize his
presidency and was proclaimed elected together with his running mate Arturo Tolentino
The opposition LABAN candidates, Cory Aquino and running mate Salvador Laurel contested the results of the election, claiming that massive fraud and terrorism were committed by the Marcos machinery
The EDSA Revolution With the support of the influential Jaime
Cardinal Sin and strong American pressure, especially coming from Congress and the State Department, Marcos was persuaded to yield power, thus avoiding what might have been a bloody confrontation between Marcos’ military supporters and “people power”
Aquino Administration
Ramos Administration
Estrada Administration
Arroyo Administration
Tool of Analysis
Study of interrelationships and of the functions of a system
Society - a systematic whole or a set of interrelated systems
4 Structures that Make Up a Social System
EconomicSocial
PoliticalCultural
the strictly material organization or the sustaining-dynamics of society
have to do with the ways a society organizes itself for material survival Production, distribution, consumption of
goods/ services
Economic Structure
3 Main Elements of Economic Structure
the means of production as basic factor – land, capital and how they are owned
the organization of labor – may be based on collective labor, hired labor, or on individual work; technology used in the work
the distribution of the social product – the way the produce of the group is being distributed among the whole population
which kind of social groupings are existing in the society under analysis (clanic, castes, feudal, etc.)
the social position of the group is linked with their position in the economic structure: ownership or non-ownership of the means of production, place in the labor organization, and access to the social product
Social Structure
the organization of the collective life governing dynamics of societyhave to do with the ways a society
organizes itself for decision- making
Political Structure
the symbolic representation the meaning-giving dynamics of society have to do with values, dreams, and
the ideology of a society identifies which are the dominant
mediating institutions that remold, influence, control or empower a people education, mass media, family, tradition,
health, religion, sports
Cultural Structure
3 Elements of Cultural Structure
State – politics, environment, population
Mediating Institutions – media, church, school, family, associations
Person – the individual who feels, dialogues, thinks, decides a stance, and acts based on this conviction
Analyze the Ampatuan Massacre issue using the structural analysis. Use the 4 structures in analyzing the issue.
Your historical analysis may aid you in analyzing the issue using structural analysis
Short bond paper (recycled if possible), Arial 11, 1.5 Spacing, Justified Margin at 1x1x1x1.
Tool of Analysis
science that determines the relation and the laws governing politics and economy
analyzing current social stratification and the relationships/ dynamics of each strata with one another
Philippine Political-Economic Structure
Foreign Monopoly Capitalists (FMC)
Big Business Bureaucrats
Landlord Workers Peasants
foreign multi-national corporations that exercise domain in economic playing field, and thus greatly influence politics
can impose its own will upon the nation (e.g. World Bank)
government and policy-makers become eventually puppets of these FMC masters
Foreign Monopoly Capitalists (FMC)
serves as conduits of foreign technology and, of course, own local capital
in the field of trading, exclusive franchise and dealership, and marketing, are also considered local capitalists
have so much influence on government and on the people
supports different candidates especially during Presidential elections, with the usual expectation that, whosoever they supported, will shower benefits on their business
Big Business
Big BusinessExamples: the people from these business
organizations become, then, members of the cabinet or political appointees in the higher echelons of government (e.g. cronies of Marcos)
Concepcion Group of Industries (RFM group) has expanded significantly during the time of President Aquino when Joe Con was DTI Secretary. Joe Con was NAMFREL head and has supported President Aquino during 1986 election
Big BusinessExamples:Mon del Rosario supported President
FVR during 1992 election and was appointed Finance Secretary. Further, the 1st EO of FVR (E01) has something to do with cement (Cement is the business line of the Del Rosario’s).
those that decide policies in government either appointed politically or have
emerged through electoral mandate have access to business establishments,
either on account of their original standing before joining government, or they are offered privileges by big business firms through stocks, profits, or shares
Bureaucrats
Bureaucrats these policy-makers become
susceptible to the whims and desire of big businesses
it is easier for them to give privileges to business interests and find it difficult to become pro-poor or even pro-labor (e.g. Labor Code BP130 and 227 which have forbidden labor strikes. But strike is a labor right)
have dominated rural economy ranging from trading, merchandising, marketing, and agricultural capital (Cojuancos-Hacienda Luisita, Dys of Isabela, Montelibanos of Negros, Durans of Cebu, Roxas of Panay, Dimaporos of Mindanao, Villafuertes of Bicol, Mitra of Palawan, Osmenas of Cebu, Imperials of Albay)
of more than 200 congresspersons in 1992, 197 are landlords
Landlord
the labor force that work in factories and establishments for production
offer labor and are paid wages 85% of the total population
Workers
farmers and agricultural producers comprise 75% of the population and
they live in the rural areas use the land, which is owned by the
landlords, and pay the rent in the form of harvest
Peasants
Foreign Monopoly Capitalists
Bureaucrats
Business Landlords
Workers
Peasants
Surplus
Privileges
Wag
e
Lab
or
Ren
t
Lan
d
Farm
in
pu
ts
Lend a technology without any obligation to
develop
Philippine Political-Economic Structure
Analyze the Ampatuan Massacre issue using class analysis and political economy. Highlight in your analysis the roles of each member of the Philippine Political-Economic Structure in the issue.
Short bond paper (recycled if possible), Arial 11, 1.5 Spacing, Justified Margin at 1x1x1x1.
Tool of Analysis
clarifies the power relations between women and men
it would facilitate our understanding of women’s marginalization, subordination, multiple burden, disempowerment and the need for a fair and more gender sensitive approach to development
development programs have catered only to the male population
identifies women’s/men’s performance of roles in society particularly: reproduction – child rearing,
housework, etc. production – economic enterprise,
livelihood, income community management –
development projects, programs, organizations, policies, participation
Write down on the board all the characteristics of both men and women.
Sex – physical biological make-up (chromosomes,external and internal genitalia, hormonal statesand secondary sex characteristics); may influenceprogram development
Sex and Gender
Gender – social construct; learned through a process of socialization within the cultural context; will focus on the social roots of disempowerment, marginalization, inequality and subordination
Manifestations of Gender Bias:
Stereotyping – very feudal outlook that puts women as second-class citizens in the human order (objects of sexual satisfaction and sexual symbols, weaker sex, emotional, fickle minded, “tukso” or temptation)
Manifestations of Gender Bias:
Multiple burdens – overburdened role of women which we observe in the community, summed up in “BBBB” (bahay, bata, bana, baboy, batya, basket or even bayan)
Manifestations of Gender Bias:
Subordination – women have always been a “footnote” to the men
Marginalization/ Discrimination – women are not given the proper respect and dignity to be a member of the human race (male-generic language, employment)
Manifestations of Gender Bias:
Violence Against Women (VAW) – sexual harassment, wife beating, battered women, abused women, rape, and all sorts of criminality that revolves around violence against the female counterpart
Manifestations of Gender Bias:
Class Oppression – the degree of subordination, marginalization and the like vary according to the women’s class belonging
Dehumanization – women don’t feel that they are significant humans
Analyze the Ampatuan Massacre issue using gender analysis.
Emphasize in your analysis the roles and condition of women before, during and after the massacre.
Short bond paper (recycled if possible), Arial 11, 1.5 Spacing, Justified Margin at 1x1x1x1.
Materials Economy
Extraction
Production
Distribution
Consumption
Disposal
less than4% of original forests
left
US Population5% of the world’s
population
Global Resources
US is consuming 30% of the
world’s resources
and creating 30% of the
world’s waste
Devel
opin
g
Count
ry
The people don’t own these resources even if they’ve been living there for generations, they don’t own the means of production and they’re not buying a lot of stuff. An in this system, if you don’t own or buy a lot of stuff, you don’t have value.
Toxi
c
Chem
ical
s
Natural resourc
es
Toxic Contaminat
ed Products
Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs)-Chemical that make things more fireproof but they are super toxic-- neurotoxin – means toxic to the brain
Do you know what is the food at the top of the food chain with the highest levels of many toxic contaminants?
comes from “de-envelop”envelope symbolizes poverty to develop, therefore, is to “de-
envelop” it is tantamount to freedom and
liberation from poverty
Using historical analysis, we realized that our colonizers made us poor and they influenced and controlled our leaders who provided opportunity for them to exploit us and our natural resources.
Using structural analysis, we saw that whoever has the power in economic structure also has the power in social, political and cultural structures.
Using class analysis, we saw the relationship of each strata in the political-economic structure, that each strata is actually being controlled by the FMCs which makes those in the lowest strata (workers and peasants) poorer.
Using the gender analysis, we realized that women have their own struggle for development.
“Development” is for those who are few and have the power.
They violate human dignity because they subject a lot of people to sub-human conditions.
They promote selfishness because they work for the advantage of those already rich and powerful, to the detriment of the poor and powerless.
They promote wrongdoing because they provide almost unbridled power to a few who can manipulate the majority.
The gap between the rich and poor still widens--- the rich becomes richer and the poor becomes poorer.
Growth the Philippine economy has to grow
in order for it to develop but it is not a sufficient condition for genuine development
EfficiencyThe economy must be able to utilize
resources with very minimal waste.Minimize, if not eliminate, graft and
corruption.Provision of basic services and
making it accessible to the poor Filipinos.
Equity Distribution of social product and
other resources equitably. Without equity, any form of human
resource development is meaningless. Without equity, the domestic market will not expand markedly. Without equity, there will never be economic and political stability.
People’s Participation Every stakeholders should be given a
venue to actively participate in decision making especially if the programs, projects, policies, laws, etc. would directly or indirectly affect their lives.
SustainabilityGenuine development must be
sustainable. It must improve the quality of life of the people without destroying the environment’s natural productive capacity.
Is the Philippine condition a hopeless case already?
As student, what can you recommend for the development of our country?
•CSB NSTP Module on Social Analysis• Tagasan. Social Analysis Module• Luna, et.al. Introduction to Community Development